黑河中下游土地覆被变化与驱动力分析
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摘要
黑河流域自2000年实施水资源统一调度以来,土地利用发生了显著变化。利用2000年、2011年两期TM和ETM+遥感影像,解译获取了干流中下游地区土地利用变化数据,并基于GIS空间分析与数理统计方法进行了定量分析。运用区域生态环境质量指数和区域土地利用变化类型生态贡献率,对研究时段内土地利用变化的生态环境效应进行了分析与评价。结果表明:(1)2000—2011年流域土地利用变化主要表现为耕地、建设用地、水体增加,未利用地减少;(2)中游地区土地利用变化主要发生在山丹县的马营河灌区和张掖绿洲的边缘区域,下游地区土地利用变化主要发生在沿河区域、额济纳核心绿洲区和古日乃地区的边缘区域;(3)中游地区2000年、2011年的区域生态环境质量指数分别为0.190 8、0.196 0,下游地区分别为0.047 8、0.055 6;(4)局部地区生态环境呈恶化趋势,其中草地退化及围水造田对区域土地利用/覆被变化产生的影响最为明显。
Since year 2000,an integrated allocation scheme of Heihe River water resources has been put into practice and the land use has been changed significantly. Landsat TM and ETM+ images in year 2000 and 2011 were interpretated to obtain the land use change data and the variation characteristics of land use was quantitatively analyzed based on GIS spatial analysis and mathematical statistics method. The effects of eco-environmental caused by land use transformation were assessed by calculating the regional eco-environmental quality indices and the contribution proportions of land use transformation types. The results show that a) the areas of cropland,forest,construction land and water are increased while the area of unused land decreases from 2000 to 2011; b) the land use transformation in the middle reaches of the main river mostly occurs in Maying River irrigation area in Shandan County and the edge area of Zhangye oasis,and the land transformation in the lower reaches of the river most occurs along the river,core area of Ejina oasis and the edge area of Gurinai region; c) the regional eco-environmental quality index in the middle reaches of the river increases from 0.1908 in 2000 to 0.1960 in 2011,and in the lower reaches of the river increases from 0.0478 in 2000 to 0.0556 in 2011; d) the local ecological environment presents a negative evolution,and the most profound factors to influence the regional land use/cover change are grassland degradation and enclosing water to make cropland.
Since year 2000,an integrated allocation scheme of Heihe River water resources has been put into practice and the land use has been changed significantly. Landsat TM and ETM+ images in year 2000 and 2011 were interpretated to obtain the land use change data and the variation characteristics of land use was quantitatively analyzed based on GIS spatial analysis and mathematical statistics method. The effects of eco-environmental caused by land use transformation were assessed by calculating the regional eco-environmental quality indices and the contribution proportions of land use transformation types. The results show that a) the areas of cropland,forest,construction land and water are increased while the area of unused land decreases from 2000 to 2011; b) the land use transformation in the middle reaches of the main river mostly occurs in Maying River irrigation area in Shandan County and the edge area of Zhangye oasis,and the land transformation in the lower reaches of the river most occurs along the river,core area of Ejina oasis and the edge area of Gurinai region; c) the regional eco-environmental quality index in the middle reaches of the river increases from 0.1908 in 2000 to 0.1960 in 2011,and in the lower reaches of the river increases from 0.0478 in 2000 to 0.0556 in 2011; d) the local ecological environment presents a negative evolution,and the most profound factors to influence the regional land use/cover change are grassland degradation and enclosing water to make cropland.
引文
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[16]李传哲,于福亮,刘佳,等.近20年来黑河干流中游地区土地利用/覆被变化及驱动力定量研究[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(3):353-363.
[17]HU X L,LU L,LI X,et al.Land Use/Cover Change in the Middle Reaches of the Heihe River Basin over 2000—2011 and Its Implications for Sustainable Water Resource Management[J].PLo S ONE,2015,10(6):e0128960.
[18]王建华,赵军,胡晓利,等.2012年新编黑河流域2000年土地利用/土地覆盖数据集[EB/OL].[2014-03-05].http://westdc.westgis.ac.cn/data/320690e1-f8aa-4c51-a189-4c82f7e64b39.
[19]张杨,刘艳芳,顾渐萍,等.武汉市土地利用覆被变化与生态环境效应研究[J].地理科学,2011,31(10):1280-1285.
[20]杨述河,闫海利,郭丽英.北方农牧交错带土地利用变化及其生态环境效应:以陕北榆林市为例[J].地理科学进展,2004,23(6):49-55.
[2]LAMBIN E F,GEIST H J.Global Land-Use and Cover Change:What Have We Learned so Far[J].Global Change Newsletter,2001,46:27-30.
[3]田光进.基于遥感与GIS的90年代中国城乡居民点用地时空特征研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2002:1.
[4]王晓东,蒙吉军.土地利用变化的环境生态效应研究进展[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2014,50(6):1133-1140.
[5]李秀彬.全球环境变化研究的核心领域:土地利用/土地覆盖变化的国际研究方向[J].地理学报,1996,51(6):553-558.
[6]宁越敏.长江三角洲都市连绵区形成机制与跨区域规划研究[J].城市规划,1998(1):16-20.
[7]潘竞虎,刘菊玲.黄河源区土地利用和景观格局变化及其生态环境效应[J].干旱区资源与环境,2005,19(4):69-74.
[8]王道席,张婕,杜得彦.黑河生态水量调度实践[J].人民黄河,2016,38(10):96-99.
[9]王根绪,程国栋,沈永平.近50年来河西走廊区域生态环境变化特征与综合防治对策[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(1):78-86.
[10]LU Ling,LI Xin,CHENG Guodong.Landscape Evolution in the Middle Heihe River Basin of North-West China During the Last Decade[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2002,53:395-408.
[11]蒙吉军,吴秀芹,李正国.黑河流域LUCC(1988—2000)的生态环境效应研究[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(4):17-21.
[12]李晓文,方创琳,黄金川,等.西北干旱区城市土地利用变化及其区域生态环境效应[J].第四纪研究,2003,23(3):280-290.
[13]李传哲,于福亮,刘佳,等.分水后黑河干流中游地区景观动态变化及驱动力[J].生态学报,2009,29(11):5832-5842.
[14]蒋晓辉,刘昌明.黑河下游植被对调水的响应[J].地理学报,2009,64(7):791-797.
[15]乔西现,蒋晓辉,陈江南,等.黑河调水对下游东、西居延海生态环境的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(6):190-194.
[16]李传哲,于福亮,刘佳,等.近20年来黑河干流中游地区土地利用/覆被变化及驱动力定量研究[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(3):353-363.
[17]HU X L,LU L,LI X,et al.Land Use/Cover Change in the Middle Reaches of the Heihe River Basin over 2000—2011 and Its Implications for Sustainable Water Resource Management[J].PLo S ONE,2015,10(6):e0128960.
[18]王建华,赵军,胡晓利,等.2012年新编黑河流域2000年土地利用/土地覆盖数据集[EB/OL].[2014-03-05].http://westdc.westgis.ac.cn/data/320690e1-f8aa-4c51-a189-4c82f7e64b39.
[19]张杨,刘艳芳,顾渐萍,等.武汉市土地利用覆被变化与生态环境效应研究[J].地理科学,2011,31(10):1280-1285.
[20]杨述河,闫海利,郭丽英.北方农牧交错带土地利用变化及其生态环境效应:以陕北榆林市为例[J].地理科学进展,2004,23(6):49-55.