新一代GIS基础软件的四大关键技术
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摘要
近年来,信息技术在地理信息技术的发展过程中发挥着越来越重要的作用。伴随着云计算与大数据在地理信息领域的应用,地理信息技术步入了一个新的发展阶段。本文从我国地理信息技术的发展历程出发,总结了当今GIS技术的发展情况。包括:将地理信息运行环境从Windows操作系统扩展到Linux和UNIX操作系统的跨平台GIS技术,推动GIS应用从桌面PC端延伸到云端、Web端和移动端并实现云端互联与云端协同的云GIS技术,涵盖从二维空间到全空间地理信息且具备对象级三维空间分析能力的三维GIS技术,以及支撑大规模多源异构数据的价值挖掘和知识发现的大数据GIS技术。
This paper summarizes the development trend of GIS and outlines four key technologies for the development of GIS,which includes cross-platform GIS,cloud GIS,3D GIS,and big data GIS.Cross-platform GIS technology extends GIS from Window operating system to Linux and UNIX operating systems.Cloud GIS technology promotes the migration of GIS applications to the cloud based on cloudterminal connectivity and cloud-terminal collaboration.The 3D GIS technology extends GIS from two-dimensional space to three-dimensional space,along with the development of 3D solid data model and 3D data acquisition technologies.Big data GIS facilitates the data mining and knowledge discovery for large-scale heterogeneous data.
This paper summarizes the development trend of GIS and outlines four key technologies for the development of GIS,which includes cross-platform GIS,cloud GIS,3D GIS,and big data GIS.Cross-platform GIS technology extends GIS from Window operating system to Linux and UNIX operating systems.Cloud GIS technology promotes the migration of GIS applications to the cloud based on cloudterminal connectivity and cloud-terminal collaboration.The 3D GIS technology extends GIS from two-dimensional space to three-dimensional space,along with the development of 3D solid data model and 3D data acquisition technologies.Big data GIS facilitates the data mining and knowledge discovery for large-scale heterogeneous data.
引文
[1]周成虎.全空间地理信息系统展望[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(2):129-131
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[4]钟耳顺.地理控制与实况地理学---关于GIS发展的思考[J].地球信息科学学报,2013,15(6):783-792
[5]宋关福,李绍俊.30年中国GIS基础软件市场回顾与发展展望.地理信息世界,2018,25(1):8-11
[6]Veenendaal B,Brovelli M A,Li S.Review of Web Mapping:Eras,Trends and Directions[J].International Journal of Geo-Information,2017,6(10):317-347
[7]陈磊,朱岩,裴国英,等.主要WebGIS平台的选择[J].测绘通报,2007(5):10-13
[8]Sha Z,Xie Y.Design of Service-Oriented Architecture for Spatial Data Integration and Its Application in Building Web-based GIS Systems[J].Geo-spatial Information Science,2010,13(1):8-15
[9]Saleh M,Yaghoobi T,Faraahi A.A Combinational Approach of GIS and SOA for Performance Improvement of Organization[J].International Journal of Web&Semantic Technology,2012,3(1):11-22
[10]李德仁,姚远,邵振峰.智慧城市的概念、支撑技术及应用[J].工程研究,2012,4(4):313-323
[11]Atzori L,Iera A,Morabito G.The Internet of Things:A Survey[J].Computer Networks,2010,54(15):2 787-2 805
[12]丁晶晶,苏乐乐,胡中南.基于云端一体化技术体系的云GIS系统研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2017,40(s1):51-55
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[14]Gao P,Liu Z,Xie M,et al.The Development of and Prospects for Private Cloud GIS in China[J].Asian Journal of Geoinformatics,2015,14(4):30-38
[15]Kim I H,Tsou M H.Enabling Digital Earth Simulation Models Using Cloud Computing or Grid Computing:Two Approaches Supporting High-performance GIS Simulation Frameworks[J].International Journal of Digital Earth,2013,6(4):383-403
[16]Liu Y,Liu X,Gao S,et al.Social Sensing:A New Approach to Understanding Our Socioeconomic Environments[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,2015,105(3):512-530
[17]Murphy J,Pao Y,Haque A.Image-Based Classification of GPS Noise Level Using Convolutional Neural Networks for Accurate Distance Estimation[C].Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning for Geographic Knowledge Discovery(GeoAI'17),New York,USA,2017
[18]李清泉,李德仁.大数据GIS[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2014,39(6):641-644
[19]Yue P,Jiang L.BigGIS:How Big Data Can Shape Next-Generation GIS[C].Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics(AgroGeoinformatics 2014),New York,USA,2014
[20]冯振华,李濛,杨洋,等.新一代三维GIS关键技术研究与实践[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2017,40(s1):85-87
[21]朱庆.三维GIS及其在智慧城市中的应用[J].地球信息科学学报,2014,16(2):151-157
[22]徐冠华.创新驱动中国GIS软件发展的必由之路[J].地理信息世界,2017,24(5):1-7
[23]蔡文文,王少华,钟耳顺,等.跨平台开源桌面GIS软件的设计与实现[J].测绘通报,2017(1):122-125
[24]Steiniger S,Bocher E.An Overview on Current Free and Open Source Desktop GIS Developments[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2009,23(10):1 345-1 370
[25]陈颖彪,谢鸿宇,张嘉辉.基于异构跨平台技术的GIS软件原型设计与开发[J].测绘通报,2007(6):23-26
[26]Steiniger S,Hunter A J.The 2012 Free and Open Source GIS Software Map-A Guide to Facilitate Research,Development,and Adoption[J].Computers Environment&Urban Systems,2013,39(5):136-150
[27]Armbrust M,Fox A,Griffith R,et al.Above the Clouds:A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing[C].Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing(CLOUD),New York,USA,2013
[28]Goodchild,M F,Yuan M,Cova T J.Towards a General Theory of Geographic Representation in GIS[J].International Journal of Geographic Information Science,2007,21(3):239-260
[29]宋关福.Service GIS引发地理信息服务共享与聚合革命[J].地理信息世界,2008,6(6):82-85
[30]Mell P M,Grance T.The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing[J].Communications of the ACM,2011,53(6):50-57
[31]李绍俊,钟耳顺,周芹,等.开放式空间数据库访问接口的开发应用[J].地球信息科学学报,2013,15(2):193-199
[32]黄骞.基于内容分发网络的高性能地图瓦片服务[J].信息技术与标准化,2014(9):45-48
[33]倪永,陈荣国.主流云GIS平台软件应用分析[J].测绘科学技术学报,2013,30(2):177-181
[34]宋志峰,张伟力,李云锦,等.GIS服务聚合方法、装置及系统[P].中国专利:101388904A,2009-03-18
[35]Wang W,Wu X,Chen G,et al.Holo3DGIS:Leveraging Microsoft HoloLens in 3DGeographic Information[J].ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information,2018,7(2):60-75
[36]吴志峰,柴彦威,党安荣,等.地理学碰上“大数据”:热反应与冷思考[J].地理研究,2015,34(12):2 207-2 221
[37]Wright D.Theory and Application in a Post-GISystems World[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2012,26(12):2 197-2 209
[38]Wen X,Luo K,Chen R.A Framework of Distributed Spatial Data Analysis Based on Shark/Spark[J].Journal of Geo-Information Science,2015,17(4):401-407
[39]Huang Z,Chen Y,Wan L,et al.GeoSpark SQL:An Effective Framework Enabling Spatial Queries on Spark[J].ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information,2017,6(9):285-304
[40]Eldawy A,Mokbel M F.Spatial Hadoop:A MapReduce Framework for Spatial Data[C].2015IEEE 31st International Conference on Data Engineering(ICDE),New York,USA,2015
[41]宋关福,钟耳顺,李绍俊,等.大数据时代的GIS软件技术发展[J].测绘地理信息,2018,43(1):1-7
[42]Zhang L P,Zhang L F,Du B.Deep Learning for Remote Sensing Data:a Technical Tutorial on the State of the Art[J].IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine,2016,4(2):22-40
[43]Zhang J B,Zheng Y,Qi D,et al.DNN-Based Prediction Model for Spatial-Temporal Data[C].Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems(ACM SIGSPATIAL 2016),New York,USA,2016
[44]Li T W,Shen H F,Yuan Q Q,et al.Estimating Ground-Level PM2.5by Fusing Satellite and Station Observations:A Geo-intelligent Deep Learning Approach[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2017,44(23):11 985-11 993
[2]Aitken S,Valentine G.Approaches to Human Geography[M].London:SAGE Publications,2006:251-262
[3]Levy H P.Top 10Technology Trends Signal the Digital Mesh[EB/OL].[2017-11-16].https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/top-ten-technologytrends-signal-the-digital-mesh/
[4]钟耳顺.地理控制与实况地理学---关于GIS发展的思考[J].地球信息科学学报,2013,15(6):783-792
[5]宋关福,李绍俊.30年中国GIS基础软件市场回顾与发展展望.地理信息世界,2018,25(1):8-11
[6]Veenendaal B,Brovelli M A,Li S.Review of Web Mapping:Eras,Trends and Directions[J].International Journal of Geo-Information,2017,6(10):317-347
[7]陈磊,朱岩,裴国英,等.主要WebGIS平台的选择[J].测绘通报,2007(5):10-13
[8]Sha Z,Xie Y.Design of Service-Oriented Architecture for Spatial Data Integration and Its Application in Building Web-based GIS Systems[J].Geo-spatial Information Science,2010,13(1):8-15
[9]Saleh M,Yaghoobi T,Faraahi A.A Combinational Approach of GIS and SOA for Performance Improvement of Organization[J].International Journal of Web&Semantic Technology,2012,3(1):11-22
[10]李德仁,姚远,邵振峰.智慧城市的概念、支撑技术及应用[J].工程研究,2012,4(4):313-323
[11]Atzori L,Iera A,Morabito G.The Internet of Things:A Survey[J].Computer Networks,2010,54(15):2 787-2 805
[12]丁晶晶,苏乐乐,胡中南.基于云端一体化技术体系的云GIS系统研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2017,40(s1):51-55
[13]Yang C W,Goodchild M F,Huang Q Y,et al.Spatial Cloud Computing:How Can the Geospatial Sciences Use and Help Shape Cloud Computing[J].International Journal of Digital Earth,2011,4(4):305-329
[14]Gao P,Liu Z,Xie M,et al.The Development of and Prospects for Private Cloud GIS in China[J].Asian Journal of Geoinformatics,2015,14(4):30-38
[15]Kim I H,Tsou M H.Enabling Digital Earth Simulation Models Using Cloud Computing or Grid Computing:Two Approaches Supporting High-performance GIS Simulation Frameworks[J].International Journal of Digital Earth,2013,6(4):383-403
[16]Liu Y,Liu X,Gao S,et al.Social Sensing:A New Approach to Understanding Our Socioeconomic Environments[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,2015,105(3):512-530
[17]Murphy J,Pao Y,Haque A.Image-Based Classification of GPS Noise Level Using Convolutional Neural Networks for Accurate Distance Estimation[C].Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning for Geographic Knowledge Discovery(GeoAI'17),New York,USA,2017
[18]李清泉,李德仁.大数据GIS[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2014,39(6):641-644
[19]Yue P,Jiang L.BigGIS:How Big Data Can Shape Next-Generation GIS[C].Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics(AgroGeoinformatics 2014),New York,USA,2014
[20]冯振华,李濛,杨洋,等.新一代三维GIS关键技术研究与实践[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2017,40(s1):85-87
[21]朱庆.三维GIS及其在智慧城市中的应用[J].地球信息科学学报,2014,16(2):151-157
[22]徐冠华.创新驱动中国GIS软件发展的必由之路[J].地理信息世界,2017,24(5):1-7
[23]蔡文文,王少华,钟耳顺,等.跨平台开源桌面GIS软件的设计与实现[J].测绘通报,2017(1):122-125
[24]Steiniger S,Bocher E.An Overview on Current Free and Open Source Desktop GIS Developments[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2009,23(10):1 345-1 370
[25]陈颖彪,谢鸿宇,张嘉辉.基于异构跨平台技术的GIS软件原型设计与开发[J].测绘通报,2007(6):23-26
[26]Steiniger S,Hunter A J.The 2012 Free and Open Source GIS Software Map-A Guide to Facilitate Research,Development,and Adoption[J].Computers Environment&Urban Systems,2013,39(5):136-150
[27]Armbrust M,Fox A,Griffith R,et al.Above the Clouds:A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing[C].Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing(CLOUD),New York,USA,2013
[28]Goodchild,M F,Yuan M,Cova T J.Towards a General Theory of Geographic Representation in GIS[J].International Journal of Geographic Information Science,2007,21(3):239-260
[29]宋关福.Service GIS引发地理信息服务共享与聚合革命[J].地理信息世界,2008,6(6):82-85
[30]Mell P M,Grance T.The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing[J].Communications of the ACM,2011,53(6):50-57
[31]李绍俊,钟耳顺,周芹,等.开放式空间数据库访问接口的开发应用[J].地球信息科学学报,2013,15(2):193-199
[32]黄骞.基于内容分发网络的高性能地图瓦片服务[J].信息技术与标准化,2014(9):45-48
[33]倪永,陈荣国.主流云GIS平台软件应用分析[J].测绘科学技术学报,2013,30(2):177-181
[34]宋志峰,张伟力,李云锦,等.GIS服务聚合方法、装置及系统[P].中国专利:101388904A,2009-03-18
[35]Wang W,Wu X,Chen G,et al.Holo3DGIS:Leveraging Microsoft HoloLens in 3DGeographic Information[J].ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information,2018,7(2):60-75
[36]吴志峰,柴彦威,党安荣,等.地理学碰上“大数据”:热反应与冷思考[J].地理研究,2015,34(12):2 207-2 221
[37]Wright D.Theory and Application in a Post-GISystems World[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2012,26(12):2 197-2 209
[38]Wen X,Luo K,Chen R.A Framework of Distributed Spatial Data Analysis Based on Shark/Spark[J].Journal of Geo-Information Science,2015,17(4):401-407
[39]Huang Z,Chen Y,Wan L,et al.GeoSpark SQL:An Effective Framework Enabling Spatial Queries on Spark[J].ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information,2017,6(9):285-304
[40]Eldawy A,Mokbel M F.Spatial Hadoop:A MapReduce Framework for Spatial Data[C].2015IEEE 31st International Conference on Data Engineering(ICDE),New York,USA,2015
[41]宋关福,钟耳顺,李绍俊,等.大数据时代的GIS软件技术发展[J].测绘地理信息,2018,43(1):1-7
[42]Zhang L P,Zhang L F,Du B.Deep Learning for Remote Sensing Data:a Technical Tutorial on the State of the Art[J].IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine,2016,4(2):22-40
[43]Zhang J B,Zheng Y,Qi D,et al.DNN-Based Prediction Model for Spatial-Temporal Data[C].Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems(ACM SIGSPATIAL 2016),New York,USA,2016
[44]Li T W,Shen H F,Yuan Q Q,et al.Estimating Ground-Level PM2.5by Fusing Satellite and Station Observations:A Geo-intelligent Deep Learning Approach[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2017,44(23):11 985-11 993