人为干扰对金马河温江段护岸林物种多样性和土壤理化性质的影响
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摘要
采用典型样地法,运用干扰理论和物种多样性分析方法,使用冗余分析(RDA)研究了11个环境因子与护岸林物种多样性的关系,探究不同强度人为干扰对金马河温江段护岸林物种多样性和土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:(1)在264个不同层次样方中,记录植物122种,隶属65科102属,其中草本层物种数量最多,种类达89种,占总记录数73%,随人为干扰强度增加物种数量逐渐减少;(2)人为干扰对金马河护岸林群落物种多样性水平产生负面影响,随着干扰强度增加,群落各层次Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)和物种丰富度指数(D)逐渐降低,乔木层物种组成单一,造成群落环境功能和稳定性下降;(3)群落土壤p H值呈碱性,土壤有机质含量较高,不同干扰强度下各土壤理化性质具有显著差异(P <0.05);(4)土壤含水量、速效钾、有机质含量是影响护岸林物种多样性的最主要因子。
By the typical plot method,the interference theory and species diversity analysis method,and redundant analysis(RDA),we studied the relationship between 11 environmental factors and the diversity of revetment forest species,and explored the different disturbances of human disturbance to the Wenjiang section of the Jinma River.The impact of species diversity and soil physical and chemical properties on revetment forests.The results showed that:(1) Among the 264 different levels,122 species of plants were recorded,belonging to 65 families and 102 genera,of which the herbaceous layer had the largest number of species,with89 species,accounting for 73% of the total records,with the increase of human disturbance intensity.The number of species is gradually decreasing;(2) Human disturbance has a negative impact on the species diversity level of the Jinma River revetment community.With the increase of disturbance intensity,the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H) and species richness index(D) of the community are gradually reduced,and on the arbor layer the species composition is single,resulting in a decline in community environmentalfunction and stability;(3) The pH value of the soil in the community was alkaline,and the soil organic matter content was high.The physical and chemical properties of the soil under different disturbance intensity were significantly different(P<0.05);(4) Soil water content,available potassium and organic matter content are the most important factors affecting the species diversity of revetment forests.
By the typical plot method,the interference theory and species diversity analysis method,and redundant analysis(RDA),we studied the relationship between 11 environmental factors and the diversity of revetment forest species,and explored the different disturbances of human disturbance to the Wenjiang section of the Jinma River.The impact of species diversity and soil physical and chemical properties on revetment forests.The results showed that:(1) Among the 264 different levels,122 species of plants were recorded,belonging to 65 families and 102 genera,of which the herbaceous layer had the largest number of species,with89 species,accounting for 73% of the total records,with the increase of human disturbance intensity.The number of species is gradually decreasing;(2) Human disturbance has a negative impact on the species diversity level of the Jinma River revetment community.With the increase of disturbance intensity,the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H) and species richness index(D) of the community are gradually reduced,and on the arbor layer the species composition is single,resulting in a decline in community environmentalfunction and stability;(3) The pH value of the soil in the community was alkaline,and the soil organic matter content was high.The physical and chemical properties of the soil under different disturbance intensity were significantly different(P<0.05);(4) Soil water content,available potassium and organic matter content are the most important factors affecting the species diversity of revetment forests.
引文
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16.方精云,王襄平,沈泽昊,等.植物群落清查的主要内容、方法和技术规范[J].生物多样性,2009,17(6):533-548.Fang J Y,Wang X P,Shen Z H,et al.Methods and protocols for plant community inventory[J].Biodiversity Science,2009,17(6):533-548.
17.吕贻忠,李保国.土壤学实验[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010.LüY Z,Li B G.Soil Science Experiment[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2010.
18.王飞,屠彩芸,曹秀文,等.白龙江干旱河谷不同坡向主要灌丛群落随海拔梯度变化的物种多样性研究[J].植物研究,2018,38(1):26-36.Wang F,Tu C Y,Cao X W,et al.The different altitude gradient change rules of the main shrub community in arid valleys of the Bailongjiang River with Different Slope[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2018,38(1):26-36.
19.程占红,牛莉芹,胡亚晴.五台山风景区人为干扰下湿地植物物种的生态变化[J].湿地科学,2014,12(1):89-96.Cheng Z H,Niu L Q,Hu Y Q.Ecological change of species of wetland plant with human disturbance in scenic area of Wutai Mountains[J].Wetland Science,2014,12(1):89-96.
20.卢素锦,侯传莹,袁坤宇,等.三江源隆宝湖湿地植物群落特征及其土壤理化性质[J].安徽农业大学学报,2016,43(5):755-763.Lu S J,Hou C Y,Yuan K Y,et al.Analysis of plant community and soil physic-chemical characteristics in Longbao Lake wetland[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2016,43(5):755-763.
21.彭东海,侯晓龙,何宗明,等.金尾矿废弃地不同植被恢复阶段物种多样性与土壤特性的演变[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):159-164.Peng D H,Hou X L,He Z M,et al.Evolution of species diversity and soil characteristics at different stages of vegetation restoration in gold tailings[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(1):159-164.
22.张柳桦,齐锦秋,柳苹玉,等.林分密度对桉树人工林群落结构和物种多样性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2018,38(1):166-175.Zhang L H,Qi J Q,Liu P Y,et al.Effects of stand density on community structure and species diversity of Eucalyptus robusta plantation[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2018,38(1):166-175.
23.李瑞,王霖娇,盛茂银,等.喀斯特石漠化演替中植物多样性及其与土壤理化性质的关系[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(5):111-119.Li R,Wang L J,Sheng M Y,et al.Plant species diversity and its relationship with soil properties in Karst rocky desertification succession[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(5):111-119.
24.孙千惠,吴霞,王媚臻,等.林分密度对马尾松林林下物种多样性和土壤理化性质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(3):732-738.Sun Q H,Wu X,Wang M Z,et al.Effects of stand density on understory species diversity and soil physicochemical properties of Pinus massoniana plantation[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,29(3):732-738.
25.吴萍萍.山西历山千金榆群落物种多样性研究[J].植物研究,2018,38(2):195-200.Wu P P.Species diversity of Carpinus cordata communities in Lishan nature reserve,Shanxi Province[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2018,38(2):195-200.
2.樊燕,黎祖尧,范承芳,等.石灰岩山地淡竹林演替序列的群落物种多样性[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(12):3238-3244.Fan Y,Li Z Y,Fan C F,et al.Species diversity along the succession series from bamboo forest to broad-leaved forest in a limestone mountain[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(12):3238-3244.
3.王世雄,王孝安,李国庆,等.陕西子午岭植物群落演替过程中物种多样性变化与环境解释[J].生态学报,2010,30(6):1638-1647.Wang S X,Wang X A,Li G Q,et al.Species diversity and environmental interpretation in the process of community succession in the Ziwu Mountain of Shaanxi Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(6):1638-1647.
4.陈生云,刘文杰,叶柏生,等.疏勒河上游地区植被物种多样性和生物量及其与环境因子的关系[J].草业学报,2011,20(3):70-83.Chen S Y,Liu W J,Ye B S,et al.Species diversity of vegetation in relation to biomass and environmental factors in the upper area of the Shule River[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2011,20(3):70-83.
5.卢涛,马克明,倪红伟,等.三江平原不同强度干扰下湿地植物群落的物种组成和多样性变化[J].生态学报,2008,28(5):1893-1900.Lu T,Ma K M,Ni H W,et al.Variation in species composition and diversity of wetland communities under different disturbance intensity in the Sanjiang Plain[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(5):1893-1900.
6.吕刚,王婷,李叶鑫,等.樟子松固沙林更新迹地草本植物多样性及其对土壤理化性质的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(24):8294-8303.LüG,Wang T,Li Y X,et al.Herbaceous plant diversity and soil physicochemical properties on the regeneration slash of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(24):8294-8303.
7.De Backer A,Van Hoey G,Coates D,et al.Similar diversity-disturbance responses to different physical impacts:three cases of small-scale biodiversity increase in the Belgian part of the North Sea.[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,84(1-2):251-262.
8.孙永光,赵冬至,吴涛,等.河口湿地人为干扰度时空动态及景观响应---以大洋河口为例[J].生态学报,2012,32(12):3645-3655.Sun Y G,Zhao D Z,Wu T,et al.Temporal and spatial dynamic changes and landscape pattern response of Hemeroby in Dayang estuary of Liaoning Province,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(12):3645-3655.
9.秦山,潮洛濛.人为干扰对乌海市四合木小灌木景观的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6346-6354.Qin S,Chao L M.The impact of anthropogenic disturbance on landscape of Tetraena mongolica shrub in the Wuhai City[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(21):6346-6354.
10.潘逸凡,杨敏,董达,等.生物质炭对土壤氮素循环的影响及其机理研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(9):2666-2673.Pan Y F,Yang M,Dong D,et al.Effects of biochar on soil nitrogen cycle and related mechanisms:a review[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(9):2666-2673.
11.唐琨,朱伟文,周文新,等.土壤p H对植物生长发育影响的研究进展[J].作物研究,2013,27(2):207-212.Tang K,Zhu W W,Zhou W X,et al.Research progress on effects of soil p H on plant growth and development[J].Crop Research,2013,27(2):207-212.
12.张建春,彭补拙.河岸带研究及其退化生态系统的恢复与重建[J].生态学报,2003,23(1):56-63.Zhang J C,Peng B Z.Study on riparian zone and the restoration and rebuilding of its degraded ecosystem[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2003,23(1):56-63.
13.王晶,丁德蓉,何丙辉,等.三峡库区撑绿竹护岸林土壤抗蚀性能研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(6):38-40.Wang J,Ding D R,He B H,et al.Study on soil anti-erodibility behavior of Bambusa pervariabilis×Dendrocalamopsisi retaining woodlands in Three Gorges Reservoir area[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,18(6):38-40.
14.黄凯,郭怀成,刘永,等.河岸带生态系统退化机制及其恢复研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(6):1373-1382.Huang K,Guo H C,Liu Y,et al.Research progress on the degradation mechanisms and restoration of riparian ecosystem[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(6):1373-1382.
15.韩路,王海珍,于军.河岸带生态学研究进展与展望[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(5):879-886.Han L,Wang H Z,Yu J.Research progress and prospects on riparian zone ecology[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2013,22(5):879-886.
16.方精云,王襄平,沈泽昊,等.植物群落清查的主要内容、方法和技术规范[J].生物多样性,2009,17(6):533-548.Fang J Y,Wang X P,Shen Z H,et al.Methods and protocols for plant community inventory[J].Biodiversity Science,2009,17(6):533-548.
17.吕贻忠,李保国.土壤学实验[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010.LüY Z,Li B G.Soil Science Experiment[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2010.
18.王飞,屠彩芸,曹秀文,等.白龙江干旱河谷不同坡向主要灌丛群落随海拔梯度变化的物种多样性研究[J].植物研究,2018,38(1):26-36.Wang F,Tu C Y,Cao X W,et al.The different altitude gradient change rules of the main shrub community in arid valleys of the Bailongjiang River with Different Slope[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2018,38(1):26-36.
19.程占红,牛莉芹,胡亚晴.五台山风景区人为干扰下湿地植物物种的生态变化[J].湿地科学,2014,12(1):89-96.Cheng Z H,Niu L Q,Hu Y Q.Ecological change of species of wetland plant with human disturbance in scenic area of Wutai Mountains[J].Wetland Science,2014,12(1):89-96.
20.卢素锦,侯传莹,袁坤宇,等.三江源隆宝湖湿地植物群落特征及其土壤理化性质[J].安徽农业大学学报,2016,43(5):755-763.Lu S J,Hou C Y,Yuan K Y,et al.Analysis of plant community and soil physic-chemical characteristics in Longbao Lake wetland[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2016,43(5):755-763.
21.彭东海,侯晓龙,何宗明,等.金尾矿废弃地不同植被恢复阶段物种多样性与土壤特性的演变[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):159-164.Peng D H,Hou X L,He Z M,et al.Evolution of species diversity and soil characteristics at different stages of vegetation restoration in gold tailings[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(1):159-164.
22.张柳桦,齐锦秋,柳苹玉,等.林分密度对桉树人工林群落结构和物种多样性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2018,38(1):166-175.Zhang L H,Qi J Q,Liu P Y,et al.Effects of stand density on community structure and species diversity of Eucalyptus robusta plantation[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2018,38(1):166-175.
23.李瑞,王霖娇,盛茂银,等.喀斯特石漠化演替中植物多样性及其与土壤理化性质的关系[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(5):111-119.Li R,Wang L J,Sheng M Y,et al.Plant species diversity and its relationship with soil properties in Karst rocky desertification succession[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(5):111-119.
24.孙千惠,吴霞,王媚臻,等.林分密度对马尾松林林下物种多样性和土壤理化性质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(3):732-738.Sun Q H,Wu X,Wang M Z,et al.Effects of stand density on understory species diversity and soil physicochemical properties of Pinus massoniana plantation[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,29(3):732-738.
25.吴萍萍.山西历山千金榆群落物种多样性研究[J].植物研究,2018,38(2):195-200.Wu P P.Species diversity of Carpinus cordata communities in Lishan nature reserve,Shanxi Province[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2018,38(2):195-200.
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