复合指纹法分析红壤区强度开发小流域泥沙来源
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摘要
南方红壤区人口密集,土地资源开发利用强度大,水土流失类型多样。为研究不同土地利用类型下红壤区强度开发小流域侵蚀泥沙来源,选取感德镇红壤强度开发小流域为研究区,分析了流域内潜在泥沙源地和泥沙的41个地球化学特征,利用Kruskal-Wallis H检验及逐步判别分析确认最佳指纹因子组合,并通过多元混合模型计算各泥沙源地泥沙贡献率。结果表明:共有速效P、Cu、P、Y、Ca、Ga、Sn、Nd 8种因子通过检验被确认为最佳指纹因子组合,累计贡献率达90%以上,拟合优度均大于0.80。多元混合模型结果显示,锋面雨季流域泥沙主要来源于林地、茶园与矿区,贡献率分别为28.59%,28.20%,27.59%;在台风雨季,4种土地利用类型泥沙相对贡献率为茶园>林地>矿区>耕地。通过对不同降雨特征下各土地利用类型泥沙贡献百分比数据进一步分析,结果显示矿区单位面积泥沙贡献百分比均值分别是耕地、林地与茶园单位面积泥沙贡献百分比均值的8,10,10倍,即单位面积下矿区土壤侵蚀强度最大。
The southern red soil region is densely populated,with strong development and utilization of land resources and diverse types of soil erosion.In order to research the eroded sediment sources in watershed with intensive exploitation under different land use types in red soil region,this study selected a small watershed in the town of Gande as researd object,and analyzed 41 geochemical properties of the potential sediment sources as well as sediment in the basin.Kruskal-Wallis Htest and Stepwise discriminant analysis were used to identify the best combination of fingerprint factors and calculate the sediment contribution rates of each sediment source.The results showed that the best fingerprint combination was made up of eight factors,including A-P,Cu,P,Y,Ca,Ga,Sn,and Nd.The total cumulative contribution rate was over 90%,and the value of GOF was higher than 0.80.A multivariate mixed model was applied to identify the different sediment sources.It indicated that sediment mainly came from forest,tea plantations and mining area in the front rainy season,constituting 28.59%,28.20%,and 27.59%respectively.The relative contribution rates of the four land use types were tea plantations>forest> mining area>farmland in the typhoon rainy season.The figures of sediment contribution percentages showed that the unit area sediment contribution rate in mining area was 8times,10 times and 10 times respectively of those in farmland,forest and tea plantation.That's to say,the soil erosion intensity in mining area is the highest.
The southern red soil region is densely populated,with strong development and utilization of land resources and diverse types of soil erosion.In order to research the eroded sediment sources in watershed with intensive exploitation under different land use types in red soil region,this study selected a small watershed in the town of Gande as researd object,and analyzed 41 geochemical properties of the potential sediment sources as well as sediment in the basin.Kruskal-Wallis Htest and Stepwise discriminant analysis were used to identify the best combination of fingerprint factors and calculate the sediment contribution rates of each sediment source.The results showed that the best fingerprint combination was made up of eight factors,including A-P,Cu,P,Y,Ca,Ga,Sn,and Nd.The total cumulative contribution rate was over 90%,and the value of GOF was higher than 0.80.A multivariate mixed model was applied to identify the different sediment sources.It indicated that sediment mainly came from forest,tea plantations and mining area in the front rainy season,constituting 28.59%,28.20%,and 27.59%respectively.The relative contribution rates of the four land use types were tea plantations>forest> mining area>farmland in the typhoon rainy season.The figures of sediment contribution percentages showed that the unit area sediment contribution rate in mining area was 8times,10 times and 10 times respectively of those in farmland,forest and tea plantation.That's to say,the soil erosion intensity in mining area is the highest.
引文
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[18]朱颂茜,龚洁,林恩标,等.南方丘陵区林下水土流失特点及防治措施探讨[J].亚热带水土保持,2013,25(3):24-30.
[19]陈小英,查轩,陈世发.山地茶园水土流失及生态调控措施研究[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(1):51-54.
[20]李海东,沈渭寿,司万童,等.中国矿区土地退化因素调查:概念、类型与方法[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(4):445-451.
[2]梁志权,张思毅,卓慕宁,等.不同雨强及坡度对华南红壤侵蚀过程的影响[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(2):1-6.
[3]杨明义,徐龙江.黄土高原小流域泥沙来源的复合指纹识别法分析[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(2):30-34.
[4]陈方鑫,张含玉,方怒放,等.利用两种指纹因子判别小流域泥沙来源[J].水科学进展,2016,27(6):867-875.
[5]郝福星,黄炎和,林金石,等.指纹法研究花岗岩区典型崩岗小流域悬浮泥沙来源[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(2):45-49.
[6]张信宝,Walling D E,贺秀斌,等.黄土高原小流域植被变化和侵蚀产沙的孢粉示踪研究初探[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(6):722-728.
[7] Zhao G,Mu X,Han M,et al.Sediment yield and sources in dam-controlled watersheds on the northern Loess Plateau[J].Catena,2017,149:110-119.
[8] Lin J,Huang Y,Wang M K,et al.Assessing the sources of sediment transported in gully systems using a fingerprinting approach:An example from South-east China[J].Catena,2015,129:9-17.
[9] Chen F,Fang N F,Shi Z H.Using biomarkers as fingerprint properties to identify sediment sources in a small catchment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,S557/558:123-133.
[10] Pulley S,Rowntree K.The use of an ordinary colour scanner to fingerprint sediment sources in the South African Karoo[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,165:253-262.
[11] Lamba J,Thompson A M,Karthikeyan K G,et al.Sources of fine sediment stored in agricultural lowland streams,Midwest,USA[J].Geomorphology,2015,236:44-53.
[12] Lamba J,Karthikeyan K G,Thompson A M.Apportionment of suspended sediment sources in an agricultural watershed using sediment fingerprinting[J].Geoderma,2015,S239/240:25-33.
[13]周慧平,常维娜,张龙江.基于泥沙指纹识别的小流域颗粒态磷来源解析[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(13):251-256.
[14] Collins A L,Walling D E,Webb L,et al.Apportioning catchment scale sediment sources using a modified composite fingerprinting technique incorporating property weightings and prior information[J].Geoderma,2010,155(3):249-261.
[15] Chen F,Zhang F B,Fang N F,et al.Sediment source analysis using the fingerprinting method in a small catchment of the Loess Plateau,China[J].Journal of Soils&Sediments,2016,16(5):1655-1669.
[16]任道援,罗砚文,周绍均,等.贵州典型土壤-茶树系统中稀土元素含量特征[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(21):5395-5398.
[17]魏远,顾红波,薛亮,等.矿山废弃地土地复垦与生态恢复研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(2):107-114.
[18]朱颂茜,龚洁,林恩标,等.南方丘陵区林下水土流失特点及防治措施探讨[J].亚热带水土保持,2013,25(3):24-30.
[19]陈小英,查轩,陈世发.山地茶园水土流失及生态调控措施研究[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(1):51-54.
[20]李海东,沈渭寿,司万童,等.中国矿区土地退化因素调查:概念、类型与方法[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(4):445-451.
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