某湿法冶炼矿区土壤重金属赋存化学形态分析
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摘要
重金属的毒性除与含量有关,还与其特定的化学形态关系密切。以优化的连续化学提取法(SCE)对矿区土壤中的Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn元素的赋存形态进行了提取,并分析了重金属元素形态分布规律及迁移能力。研究表明:6种元素总量均高于标准限制数倍不等,Cd和Pb超标倍数较高,分别为7.17倍和4.14倍,Cu、Ni和Zn其次,Cr最小。结合重金属总量、形态分布规律及迁移能力分析结果,该地区重金属风险等级为:Cd>Zn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cr。重金属均以残渣态为主,阴雨潮湿偏酸的自然环境能促进重金属的释放并造成二次污染。因此,该地区存在较大的潜在重金属污染风险。
Toxicity of heavy metals is related to the content.It is also closely related to its specific chemical speciation.The water soluble,weak acid,reducible,oxidizable and residual states of elements(Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn)are extracted.Contents of 6 elements in various chemical speciation are determined by ICP-MS.Speciation distribution and migration ability of heavy metals is analyzed.The results show that the total amount of heavy metals are higher than the soil environmental quality index.Cd and Pb are 7.17 times and4.14 times higher than those of Cu,Ni and Zn respectively,and Cr is the smallest.According to the analysis results of total heavy metals,morphology distribution and migration ability,the risk level of heavy metals in this area is Cd>Zn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cr.Speciation of heavy metals is mainly residual state,and the natural environment of wet and humid acid can promote the release of heavy metals and cause two pollution.Therefore,there is a great potential risk of heavy metal pollution in the area.
Toxicity of heavy metals is related to the content.It is also closely related to its specific chemical speciation.The water soluble,weak acid,reducible,oxidizable and residual states of elements(Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn)are extracted.Contents of 6 elements in various chemical speciation are determined by ICP-MS.Speciation distribution and migration ability of heavy metals is analyzed.The results show that the total amount of heavy metals are higher than the soil environmental quality index.Cd and Pb are 7.17 times and4.14 times higher than those of Cu,Ni and Zn respectively,and Cr is the smallest.According to the analysis results of total heavy metals,morphology distribution and migration ability,the risk level of heavy metals in this area is Cd>Zn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cr.Speciation of heavy metals is mainly residual state,and the natural environment of wet and humid acid can promote the release of heavy metals and cause two pollution.Therefore,there is a great potential risk of heavy metal pollution in the area.
引文
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[8]施意华,阳兆鸿,徐华,等.改进化学顺序提取-电感耦合等离子体质谱法应用于铅锌尾矿中铜铅锌镉镍的化学形态分析[J].冶金分析,2016,36(7):83-89.SHI Yihua,YANG Zhaohong,XU Hua,et al.Application of modified chemical sequential extraction-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determination of chemical speciation of copper,lead,zinc,cadinum and nickel in lead and zinc tailings[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2016,36(7):83-89.
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[13]刘勇,刘牡丹,刘珍珍.复杂稀有金属伴生矿富集渣提取稀土和铌的工艺研究[J].稀有金属与硬质合金,2015(1):21-25.LIU Yong,LIU Mudan,LIU Zhenzhen.Technological study on rare earth and Niobium ectraction from tailings of beneficiated complex rare metal associated ore[J].Rare Metals and Cemented Carbides,2015(1):21-25.
[14]王春光.云南某铅锌矿伴生银的综合回收研究[J].中国矿业,2017,26(4):131-134.WANG Chunguang.Comprehensive recovery of associated silver from a lead-zinc ore in Yunnan province[J].China Mining Magazine,2017,26(4):131-134.
[15]化玉谨,张敏英,陈明,等.炼金区土壤中汞形态分布及其生物有效性[J].环境化学,2015(2):234-240.HUA Yujin,ZHANG Minying,CHEN Ming,et al.Distribution and bioavailability of mercury in the soil of gold mine zone[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015(2):234-240.
[16]王国莉,陈孟君,范红英,等.四种土壤重金属形态分析方法的对比研究[J].浙江农业学报,2015,27(11):1977-1983.WANG Guoli,CHEN Mengjun,FAN Hongying,et al.Comparison of four speciation analytical methods for soil heavy metals[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2015,27(11):1977-1983.
[17]杨杏芬,吴永宁.镉对人群健康效应研究需要注重肾损害水平之下的低剂量暴露[J].中华预防医学杂志,2016,50(4):292-295.YANG Xingfen,WU Yongning.Adverse effects of low dose exposures to cadmium below renal damage level should be emphasized for human health effect studies[J].Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine,2016,50(4):292-295.
[18]黄芸,袁洪,黄志军,等.环境重金属暴露对人群健康危害研究进展[J].中国公共卫生,2016,32(8):1113-1116.HUANG Yun,YUAN Hong,HUANG Zhijun,et al.Progress in research on environmental exposure and health hazards of heavy metals in China[J].Chinese Journal of Public Health,2016,32(8):1113-1116.
[19]王馨慧,单保庆,唐文忠,等.典型城市河流表层沉积物中汞污染特征与生态风险[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(4):1153-1159.WANG Xinhui,SHAN Baoqing,TANG Wenzhong,et al.Pollution characteristics and ecological risk of mercury in the surface sediment of a typical urban river[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(4):1153-1159.
[20]卢明,屠乃美,胡华勇.氯化铁和硫酸铁对酸性土壤中有效态镉和铅污染的修复作用[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(1):469-476.LU Ming,TU Naimei,HU Huayong.Remediation of available Cd and Pb contamination in acidic soil by ferric chloride and ferric sulfate[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(1):469-476.
[2]王健康,周怀东,陆瑾,等.三峡库区水环境中重金属污染研究进展[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2014,12(1):49-53.WANG Jiankang,ZHOU Huaidong,LU Jin,et al.Reviews of heavy metals pollution in water environment of Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2014,12(1):49-53.
[3]孔健健,张阳,张江山.属性识别理论模型应用于土壤重金属污染评价[J].环境工程,2012,30(1):100-102.KONG Jianjian, ZHANGYang, ZHANGJiangshan.Application of attribute recognition theoretical model in evaluation of heavy metal pollution in soil[J].Environmental Engineering,2012,30(1):100-102.
[4]孙梅,黄运湘,孙楠,等.农田土壤孔隙及其影响因素研究进展[J].土壤通报,2015,46(1):233-238.SUN Mei,HUANG Yunxiang,SUN Nan,et al.Advance in soil pore and its influencing factors[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2015,46(1):233-238.
[5]张东,张楚儿.北河流域土壤重金属污染风险评价及影响因素分析[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(5):2187-2193.ZHANG Dong,ZHANG Chuer.Risk assessment and impact factor analysis of soil heavy metal pollution in baihe river basin[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2015,28(5):2187-2193.
[6]赵云杰,马智杰,张晓霞,等.土壤-植物系统中重金属迁移性的影响因素及其生物有效性评价方法[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2015,13(3):177-183.ZHAO Yunjie,MA Zhijie,ZHANG Xiaoxia,et al.Influencing factors of heavy metal mobility and evaluating methods of heavy metal bioavailability in soil-plant system[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2015,13(3):177-183.
[7]周燊港,邹海凤,董娴,等.贵阳市冬季PM2.5中典型重金属元素的化学形态分析与健康风险评价[J].生态毒理学报,2017,12(1):277-284.ZHOU Shengang,ZOU Haifeng,DONG Xian,et al.Chemical speciation of typical heavy metals and health risk assessment in PM2.5during winter in Guiyang city[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2017,12(1):277-284.
[8]施意华,阳兆鸿,徐华,等.改进化学顺序提取-电感耦合等离子体质谱法应用于铅锌尾矿中铜铅锌镉镍的化学形态分析[J].冶金分析,2016,36(7):83-89.SHI Yihua,YANG Zhaohong,XU Hua,et al.Application of modified chemical sequential extraction-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determination of chemical speciation of copper,lead,zinc,cadinum and nickel in lead and zinc tailings[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2016,36(7):83-89.
[9]尹鑫,周广柱,王翠珍,等.者海铅锌渣中重金属的赋存形态及环境风险评价[J].地球与环境,2016,44(4):478-483.YIN Xin,ZHOU Guangzhu,WANG Cuizhen,et al.Speciation and risk assessment for heavy metals in lead and zinc slag at Zhehai,China[J].Earth and Environment,2016,44(4):478-483.
[10]李永霞,黄莹,高甫威,等.娄山河表层沉积物重金属赋存形态及风险评价[J].环境化学,2016,35(2):393-402.LI Yongxia,HUANG Ying,GAO Puwei,et al.Speciation and risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Loushan river[J].Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(2):393-402.
[11]串丽敏,赵同科,郑怀国,等.土壤重金属污染修复技术研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2014(S2):213-222.CHUAN Limin,ZHAO Tongke,ZHENG Huaiguo,et al.Research progress of the pollution and phytoremediation for heavy metals in soil[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014(S2):213-222.
[12]陆泗进,王业耀,何立环.会泽某铅锌矿周边农田土壤重金属生态风险评价[J].生态环境学报,2014(11):1832-1838.LU Sijin,WANG Yeyao,HE Lihuan.Heavy metal pollution and ecological risk assessment of the paddy soils around a PbZn mine in Huize country[J].Ecology and Environment Sciences,2014(11):1832-1838.
[13]刘勇,刘牡丹,刘珍珍.复杂稀有金属伴生矿富集渣提取稀土和铌的工艺研究[J].稀有金属与硬质合金,2015(1):21-25.LIU Yong,LIU Mudan,LIU Zhenzhen.Technological study on rare earth and Niobium ectraction from tailings of beneficiated complex rare metal associated ore[J].Rare Metals and Cemented Carbides,2015(1):21-25.
[14]王春光.云南某铅锌矿伴生银的综合回收研究[J].中国矿业,2017,26(4):131-134.WANG Chunguang.Comprehensive recovery of associated silver from a lead-zinc ore in Yunnan province[J].China Mining Magazine,2017,26(4):131-134.
[15]化玉谨,张敏英,陈明,等.炼金区土壤中汞形态分布及其生物有效性[J].环境化学,2015(2):234-240.HUA Yujin,ZHANG Minying,CHEN Ming,et al.Distribution and bioavailability of mercury in the soil of gold mine zone[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015(2):234-240.
[16]王国莉,陈孟君,范红英,等.四种土壤重金属形态分析方法的对比研究[J].浙江农业学报,2015,27(11):1977-1983.WANG Guoli,CHEN Mengjun,FAN Hongying,et al.Comparison of four speciation analytical methods for soil heavy metals[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2015,27(11):1977-1983.
[17]杨杏芬,吴永宁.镉对人群健康效应研究需要注重肾损害水平之下的低剂量暴露[J].中华预防医学杂志,2016,50(4):292-295.YANG Xingfen,WU Yongning.Adverse effects of low dose exposures to cadmium below renal damage level should be emphasized for human health effect studies[J].Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine,2016,50(4):292-295.
[18]黄芸,袁洪,黄志军,等.环境重金属暴露对人群健康危害研究进展[J].中国公共卫生,2016,32(8):1113-1116.HUANG Yun,YUAN Hong,HUANG Zhijun,et al.Progress in research on environmental exposure and health hazards of heavy metals in China[J].Chinese Journal of Public Health,2016,32(8):1113-1116.
[19]王馨慧,单保庆,唐文忠,等.典型城市河流表层沉积物中汞污染特征与生态风险[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(4):1153-1159.WANG Xinhui,SHAN Baoqing,TANG Wenzhong,et al.Pollution characteristics and ecological risk of mercury in the surface sediment of a typical urban river[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(4):1153-1159.
[20]卢明,屠乃美,胡华勇.氯化铁和硫酸铁对酸性土壤中有效态镉和铅污染的修复作用[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(1):469-476.LU Ming,TU Naimei,HU Huayong.Remediation of available Cd and Pb contamination in acidic soil by ferric chloride and ferric sulfate[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(1):469-476.
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