特厚煤层卸压综放开采顶煤破碎及运移规律实验研究
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摘要
为了实现20m以上特厚煤层的安全高效开采,提出特厚煤层卸压综放开采技术。采用60∶1的大比例相似模拟实验方法,研究20m以上特厚煤层卸压综放开采顶煤垮落破碎及运移特征、顶煤位移场和矢量场演化特征、支架阻力的影响等。研究结果表明:卸压开采阶段,顶煤顶板垮落空间形态呈近似梯形,支架上方台阶状顶煤悬臂梁结构的破断和失稳具有周期效应,上位顶煤位移>中位顶煤位移>下位顶煤位移,基本顶初次来压后出现切顶压架事故。综放开采阶段,短悬臂梁结构最终破碎成散体结构,且中位顶煤的总位移大于上位顶煤。由于支架的支撑作用,下位顶煤中产生明显的竖直裂隙,受支架影响的顶煤厚度约为10cm。顶煤位移场、矢量场演化特征和实验结果一致。为我国20 m以上特厚煤层开采技术开发奠定了理论基础,具有重大科学意义与应用价值。
In order to achieve safe and efficient underground mining of extremely thick coal seam above 20 m,a fully mechanized top-coal caving mining method after extracting the middle slice in extremely thick coal seam was creatively proposed. The similar simulation test with a large scale of 60∶1 was performed to study breaking and moving characteristics of top-coal,displacement and vector fields of top-coal,and support load effects of the fully mechanized top-coal caving mining after extracting the middle slice in extremely thick coal seam above 20 m. The results show that,during the stage of pressure relief mining,the top-coal collapse shape is approximately trapezoidal,the breaking and instability of the stepped top-coal cantilever beam structure above the support have a periodic effect,the displacements of the upper,the median and the lower of the top-coal decrease in turn,and cutting top press support accident occurs after the first weighting of the main roof. During the fully mechanized top-coal caving mining stage,the short cantilever beam structure is finally broken into a loose structure and the total displacement of the median top-coal is greater than that of the upper top-coal. Due to supporting effect of the support structure,vertical cracks occur obviously in the lower top-coal,and the thickness of the top-coal affected by the support is approximately 10 cm. The evolution characteristics of the displacement and vector fields of the top-coal are in consistent with the experimental results. The research results lay a theoretical foundation for the development of mining technology of extra-thick coal seams above 20 m in China.
In order to achieve safe and efficient underground mining of extremely thick coal seam above 20 m,a fully mechanized top-coal caving mining method after extracting the middle slice in extremely thick coal seam was creatively proposed. The similar simulation test with a large scale of 60∶1 was performed to study breaking and moving characteristics of top-coal,displacement and vector fields of top-coal,and support load effects of the fully mechanized top-coal caving mining after extracting the middle slice in extremely thick coal seam above 20 m. The results show that,during the stage of pressure relief mining,the top-coal collapse shape is approximately trapezoidal,the breaking and instability of the stepped top-coal cantilever beam structure above the support have a periodic effect,the displacements of the upper,the median and the lower of the top-coal decrease in turn,and cutting top press support accident occurs after the first weighting of the main roof. During the fully mechanized top-coal caving mining stage,the short cantilever beam structure is finally broken into a loose structure and the total displacement of the median top-coal is greater than that of the upper top-coal. Due to supporting effect of the support structure,vertical cracks occur obviously in the lower top-coal,and the thickness of the top-coal affected by the support is approximately 10 cm. The evolution characteristics of the displacement and vector fields of the top-coal are in consistent with the experimental results. The research results lay a theoretical foundation for the development of mining technology of extra-thick coal seams above 20 m in China.
引文
[1]王家臣.厚煤层开采理论与技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2009:47-51.(WANG Jiachen.The theory and technique on the thick coal seam mining[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2009:47-51.(in Chinese))
[2]王家臣.我国放顶煤开采的工程实践与理论进展[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):43-51.(WANG Jiachen.Engineering practice and theoretical progress of top-coal caving mining technology in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(1):43-51.(in Chinese))
[3]VAKILI A,HEBBLEWHITE B.A new cavability assessment criterion for longwall top-coal caving[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(8):1 317-1 329.
[4]MAHDI S,CHARLIE C L.Numerical modelling of longwall mining and stability analysis of the gates in a coal mine[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2012,51(1):24-34.
[5]HABIB A,BRETT A P.Stress analysis of longwall top-coal caving[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(1):30-41.
[6]WANG J C.The technical progress and problems to be solved of thick coal seam mining in China[C]//Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Ground Control in Mining.Morgantown,WV,USA:[s.n.],2011:26-28.
[7]WANG J H.Development and prospect on fully mechanized top-coal caving in Chinese coal mines[J].International Journal of Coal Science and Technology,2014,1(3):253-260.
[8]WANG J C,YANG S L,LI Y,et al.Caving mechanisms of loose top-coal in longwall top-coal caving mining method[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2014,71(1):160-170.
[9]王家臣,张锦旺.综放开采顶煤放出规律的BBR研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(3):487-493.(WANG Jiachen,ZHANG Jinwang.BBRstudy of top-coal drawing law in longwall top-coal caving mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(3):487-493.(in Chinese))
[10]刘长友,黄炳香.大采高综放工作面煤矸流场规律及放煤工艺参数确定[C]//综放开采30周年科技论文集.北京:煤炭工业出版社,2012:379-385.(LIU Changyou,HUANG Bingxiang.Determination of coal enthalpy flow field and coal mining process parameters in large mining height fully mechanized caving face[C]//The 30th Anniversary of Fully Mechanized Caving Mining Technology Papers.Beijing:Coal Industry Press,2012:379-385.(in Chinese))
[11]吴健,张勇.综放采场支架-围岩关系的新概念[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(4):350-355.(WU Jian,ZHANG Yong.The new concept of relationship between support and surrounding-rock in longwall top-coal caving faces[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(4):350-355.(in Chinese))
[12]钱鸣高,缪协兴,何富连,等.采场支架与围岩耦合作用机制研究[J].煤炭学报,1996,21(1):40-44.(QIAN Minggao,MIAO Xiexing,HE Fulian,et al.Mechanism of coupling effect between supports in the working and the rocks[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1996,21(1):40-44.(in Chinese))
[13]伍永平,胡博胜,解盘石,等.基于支架-围岩耦合原理的模拟试验液压支架及测控系统研制与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(2):374-382.(WU Yongping,HU Bosheng,XIE Panshi,et al.Development and application of support and control system for simulating test based on the coupling principle of support-surrounding rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(2):374-382.(in Chinese))
[14]闫少宏,吴健.放顶煤开采顶煤运移实测与损伤特性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(2):155-162.(YAN Shaohong,WUJian.Analysis of top-coal movement and damage characteristics in top-coal caving[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(2):155-162.(in Chinese))
[15]王兆会.综放开采顶煤破坏机制与冒放性判别方法研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2017.(WANG Zhaohui.Failure mechanism and cavability evaluation of top-coal in longwall Top-coal caving mining[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),2017.(in Chinese))
[16]魏锦平,李胜利,靳钟铭.综放采场顶煤压裂机制的实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8):1 178-1 182.(WEI Jinping,LI Shengli,JIN Zhongming.Testing study on cracking mechanism of top-coal under abutment pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(8):1 178-1 182.(in Chinese))
[17]陈冲,吕华永,高海南,等.软弱基底排土场边坡破坏模式模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(9):2 093-2 109.(CHEN Chong,LU Huayong,GAO Hainan,et al.Research on failure mode of slope dump on soft layer by model test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(9):2 093-2 109.(in Chinese))
[2]王家臣.我国放顶煤开采的工程实践与理论进展[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):43-51.(WANG Jiachen.Engineering practice and theoretical progress of top-coal caving mining technology in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(1):43-51.(in Chinese))
[3]VAKILI A,HEBBLEWHITE B.A new cavability assessment criterion for longwall top-coal caving[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(8):1 317-1 329.
[4]MAHDI S,CHARLIE C L.Numerical modelling of longwall mining and stability analysis of the gates in a coal mine[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2012,51(1):24-34.
[5]HABIB A,BRETT A P.Stress analysis of longwall top-coal caving[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(1):30-41.
[6]WANG J C.The technical progress and problems to be solved of thick coal seam mining in China[C]//Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Ground Control in Mining.Morgantown,WV,USA:[s.n.],2011:26-28.
[7]WANG J H.Development and prospect on fully mechanized top-coal caving in Chinese coal mines[J].International Journal of Coal Science and Technology,2014,1(3):253-260.
[8]WANG J C,YANG S L,LI Y,et al.Caving mechanisms of loose top-coal in longwall top-coal caving mining method[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2014,71(1):160-170.
[9]王家臣,张锦旺.综放开采顶煤放出规律的BBR研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(3):487-493.(WANG Jiachen,ZHANG Jinwang.BBRstudy of top-coal drawing law in longwall top-coal caving mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(3):487-493.(in Chinese))
[10]刘长友,黄炳香.大采高综放工作面煤矸流场规律及放煤工艺参数确定[C]//综放开采30周年科技论文集.北京:煤炭工业出版社,2012:379-385.(LIU Changyou,HUANG Bingxiang.Determination of coal enthalpy flow field and coal mining process parameters in large mining height fully mechanized caving face[C]//The 30th Anniversary of Fully Mechanized Caving Mining Technology Papers.Beijing:Coal Industry Press,2012:379-385.(in Chinese))
[11]吴健,张勇.综放采场支架-围岩关系的新概念[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(4):350-355.(WU Jian,ZHANG Yong.The new concept of relationship between support and surrounding-rock in longwall top-coal caving faces[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(4):350-355.(in Chinese))
[12]钱鸣高,缪协兴,何富连,等.采场支架与围岩耦合作用机制研究[J].煤炭学报,1996,21(1):40-44.(QIAN Minggao,MIAO Xiexing,HE Fulian,et al.Mechanism of coupling effect between supports in the working and the rocks[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1996,21(1):40-44.(in Chinese))
[13]伍永平,胡博胜,解盘石,等.基于支架-围岩耦合原理的模拟试验液压支架及测控系统研制与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(2):374-382.(WU Yongping,HU Bosheng,XIE Panshi,et al.Development and application of support and control system for simulating test based on the coupling principle of support-surrounding rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(2):374-382.(in Chinese))
[14]闫少宏,吴健.放顶煤开采顶煤运移实测与损伤特性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(2):155-162.(YAN Shaohong,WUJian.Analysis of top-coal movement and damage characteristics in top-coal caving[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(2):155-162.(in Chinese))
[15]王兆会.综放开采顶煤破坏机制与冒放性判别方法研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2017.(WANG Zhaohui.Failure mechanism and cavability evaluation of top-coal in longwall Top-coal caving mining[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),2017.(in Chinese))
[16]魏锦平,李胜利,靳钟铭.综放采场顶煤压裂机制的实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8):1 178-1 182.(WEI Jinping,LI Shengli,JIN Zhongming.Testing study on cracking mechanism of top-coal under abutment pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(8):1 178-1 182.(in Chinese))
[17]陈冲,吕华永,高海南,等.软弱基底排土场边坡破坏模式模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(9):2 093-2 109.(CHEN Chong,LU Huayong,GAO Hainan,et al.Research on failure mode of slope dump on soft layer by model test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(9):2 093-2 109.(in Chinese))
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