2种微生态制剂对乌鳢生长性能、肠道形态及免疫功能的影响
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摘要
为了研究复合益生菌与玉屏风多糖复合益生菌对乌鳢生长性能、肠道形态及免疫功能的影响,选取240尾平均体质量为(23±0. 15) g的乌鳢,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾,以饲喂基础饲料为对照组,试验组分别用含有0. 8%复合益生菌(Ⅰ组)、1. 6%复合益生菌(Ⅱ组)、0. 8%玉屏风多糖复合益生菌(Ⅲ组)的饲料连续投喂56 d,然后测定乌鳢的生长性能,肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度、肌层厚度,血清中溶菌酶(LZM)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性,以及肝脏、肾脏等免疫器官中主要组织相容性复合体(MHCⅠ)基因的表达量。结果显示,试验组的乌鳢体质量增加率和特定生长率显著高于对照组,并且饲料系数显著低于对照组,其中1. 6%复合益生菌组乌鳢的体质量增加率和特定生长率分别提高了31. 15%和31. 01%,饵料系数降低20. 77%;与对照组相比,所有试验组乌鳢的肠绒毛高度分别提高了17. 42%、21. 42%、16. 98%,肌层厚度分别提高10. 51%、14. 97%、13. 08%; LZM和T-SOD以及肝脏、肾脏、鳃丝和肌肉中MHCⅠ表达量也有一定程度提高。而且,对比相同添加水平的试验Ⅰ组,玉屏风复合益生菌对乌鳢生长性能、肠道生长发育及免疫功能的作用效果相对较佳。因此,玉屏风多糖有助于促进益生菌的益生作用。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound probiotics and Yupingfeng polysaccharide( YPF-P) compound probiotics on the Channa argus growth performance,intestinal morphology and immune function. 240 Channa argus with( 23 ± 0. 15) g were randomly designated into four groups,including one control and three test groups. In each group,there were three replicates of 20 fish. The control group was fed with the basal diet and the test groups were fed with basal diet complemented with 0. 8% compound probiotics( Ⅰ),1. 6% compound probiotics( Ⅱ) and 0. 8% YPF-P compound probiotics( Ⅲ) for 56 days. The growth performance,intestinal villus,crypt depth,muscular thickness,activity of LZM and T-SOD,the expression of MHC Ⅰ in the kidney and liver were detected in these four groups. Results showed that fish in the test groups had relatively higher weight( WG) and specific growth rate( SGR),and a lower feed conversion ratio( FCR) compared those in the control group.The WG and SGR of 1. 6% compound probiotics group were increased by 31. 15% and 31. 01%respectively,the FCR was decreased by 20. 77%,the villus heights of all test groups were 17. 42%,21. 42% and 16. 98% higher than that in the control group,and the muscular thickness of the base layer was increased by 10. 51%,14. 97% and 13. 08%,respectively. The activities of LZM and T-SOD in serum were increased,and the transcription levels of MHC Ⅰ were up-regulated in liver,kidney,gill and muscle. Moreover,at the same addition level,the group of YPF-P compound probiotics had a greater effect on the growth performance,intestinal morphology and immune function of Channa argus. Consequently,YPF-P is in favor of the biology function of probiotics.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound probiotics and Yupingfeng polysaccharide( YPF-P) compound probiotics on the Channa argus growth performance,intestinal morphology and immune function. 240 Channa argus with( 23 ± 0. 15) g were randomly designated into four groups,including one control and three test groups. In each group,there were three replicates of 20 fish. The control group was fed with the basal diet and the test groups were fed with basal diet complemented with 0. 8% compound probiotics( Ⅰ),1. 6% compound probiotics( Ⅱ) and 0. 8% YPF-P compound probiotics( Ⅲ) for 56 days. The growth performance,intestinal villus,crypt depth,muscular thickness,activity of LZM and T-SOD,the expression of MHC Ⅰ in the kidney and liver were detected in these four groups. Results showed that fish in the test groups had relatively higher weight( WG) and specific growth rate( SGR),and a lower feed conversion ratio( FCR) compared those in the control group.The WG and SGR of 1. 6% compound probiotics group were increased by 31. 15% and 31. 01%respectively,the FCR was decreased by 20. 77%,the villus heights of all test groups were 17. 42%,21. 42% and 16. 98% higher than that in the control group,and the muscular thickness of the base layer was increased by 10. 51%,14. 97% and 13. 08%,respectively. The activities of LZM and T-SOD in serum were increased,and the transcription levels of MHC Ⅰ were up-regulated in liver,kidney,gill and muscle. Moreover,at the same addition level,the group of YPF-P compound probiotics had a greater effect on the growth performance,intestinal morphology and immune function of Channa argus. Consequently,YPF-P is in favor of the biology function of probiotics.
引文
[1]黄卫强,张和平.饲用微生态制剂替代抗生素的研究进展[J].中国微生态学杂志,2015,27(4):488-494.
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[3]王志敬,刘明珠,于辉,等.玉屏风多糖对草鱼生长性能、免疫器官指数和肝胰脏非特异性免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(11):3679-3686.
[4]尹福泉,吴勇亮,刘明珠,等.玉屏风多糖对草鱼肠黏膜形态结构及主要免疫与吸收相关基因表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(10):3718-3725.
[5]潘雷,郭文,高凤祥,等.饵料中添加益生菌对大菱鲆幼鱼肠道菌群及部分免疫指标的影响[J].海洋科学,2012,36(2):34-39.
[6]高凤祥,郭文,潘雷,等.几种益生菌对大菱鲆幼鱼生长及消化酶活性的影响[J].海洋科学,2011,35(1):10-16.
[7]岳道友,李亚明,赵杰.益生菌与中草药对海兰褐蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2017,51(3):370-373.
[8]李树鹏,郝艳霜,陈福星,等.黄芪多糖和2株益生菌体外抑菌作用研究[J].河南农业科学,2007,36(4):86-88.
[9]李东光.实用饲料配方集锦[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010.
[10]刘淑兰,陈娟,李杰,等.复合益生菌制剂对大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)生长、消化酶和非特异性免疫指标的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2017,38(5):100-106.
[11]王纯,孙国祥,刘志培,等.解淀粉芽孢杆菌和胶红酵母复合菌对虹鳟生长性能及胃黏膜、肠黏膜菌群结构的影响[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(4):746-756.
[12]江永明,付天玺,张丽,等.微生物制剂对奥尼罗非鱼生长及消化酶活性的影响[J].水生生物学报,2011,35(6):998-1004.
[13]丁丽,周维仁,章世元,等.复合微生态制剂对异育银鲫生长及表观消化率的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2010(2):248-250.
[14] BAIRAGI A,GHOSH K S,SEN S K,et al. Enzyme producing bacterial flora isolated from fish digestive tracts[J]. Aquaculture International,2002,10(2):109-121.
[15]肖拉.枯草芽孢杆菌JS01和黄芪多糖对建鲤生长及免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2012.
[16]呙于明,刘丹,张炳坤.家禽肠道屏障功能及其营养调控[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(10):3091-3100.
[17]黄玉章,林旋,王全溪,等.黄芪多糖对罗非鱼肠绒毛形态结构及肠道免疫细胞的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(1):108-116.
[18]王子旭,佘锐萍,陈越,等.日粮锌硒水平对肉鸡小肠黏膜结构的影响[J].中国兽医科学,2003,33(7):18-21.
[19] MASLOWSKI K M,MACKAY C R. Diet,gut microbiota and immune responses[J]. Nature Immunology,2011,12(1):5-9.
[20]黄灿,张忠海,吴淑勤,等.益生芽孢杆菌对草鱼肠黏膜结构的保护作用[J].水生生物学报,2017,41(4):774-780.
[21] WANG Y. Use of probiotics Bacillus coagulans,Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Lactobacillus acidophilus as growth promoters in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)fingerlings[J]. Aquaculture Nutrition,2015,17(2):e372-e378.
[22] WU Z Q,JIANG C,LING F,et al. Effects of dietary supplementation of intestinal autochthonous bacteria on the innate immunity and disease resistance of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)[J]. Aquaculture,2015,438:105-114.
[23] DAS A,NAKHRO K,CHOWDHURY S,et al. Effects of potential probiotic Bacillus amyloliquifaciens FPTB16 on systemic and cutaneous mucosal immune responses and disease resistance of catla(Catla catla)[J]. Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2013,35(5):1547-1553.
[24] CHI C,JIANG B,YU X B,et al. Effects of three strains of intestinal autochthonous bacteria and their extracellular products on the immune response and disease resistance of common carp,Cyprinus carpio[J]. Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2014,36(1):9-18.
[25] GIRI S S,SEN S S,SUKUMARAN V. Effects of dietary supplementation of potential probiotic Pseudomonas aeruginosa VSG-2 on the innate immunity and disease resistance of tropical freshwater fish,Labeo rohita[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2012,32(6):1135-1140.
[26] DANIELS C L,MERRIFIELD D L,BOOTHROYD D P,et al. Effect of dietary Bacillus,spp. and mannan oligosaccharides(MOS)on European lobster(Homarus gammarus,L.)larvae growth performance,gut morphology and gut microbiota[J]. Aquaculture,2010,304(1):49-57.
[27] MERRIFIELD D L,DIMITROGLOU A,FOEY A,et al.The current status and future focus of probiotic and prebiotic applications for salmonids[J]. Aquaculture,2010,302(1):1-18.
[28] KRISTIANSEN M,MERRIFIELD D L,GONZALEZ J L,et al. Evaluation of prebiotic and probiotic effects on the intestinal gut microbiota and histology of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)[J]. Journal of Aquaculture Research&Development,2011(S1):1-8.
[29] LAZADO C C,CAIPANG C M A. Atlantic cod in the dynamic probiotics research in aquaculture[J]. Aquaculture,2014,424/425(12):53-62.
[30]徐永平,汪婷婷,孙永欣,等.水产动物溶菌酶研究的最新进展[J].水产科学,2011,30(5):307-310.
[31]赵晶晶,秦操,董惠峰,等.益生菌对点带石斑鱼非特异性免疫功能的影响[J].动物医学进展,2013,34(5):26-30.
[32]李桂英,宋晓玲,孙艳,等.几株肠道益生菌对凡纳滨对虾非特异免疫力和抗病力的影响[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(6):1358-1367.
[33]夏磊,赵明军,张洪玉,等.不同比例复合益生菌对凡纳滨对虾生长、免疫及抗氨氮能力的影响[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(6):1299-1307.
[34] ARON-WISNEWSKY J,CLEMENT K. The gut microbiome,diet,and links to cardiometabolic and chronic disorders[J]. Nature Reviews Nephrology,2016,12(3):169-181.
[35] DOMINGUEZ-BELLO M G,COSTELLO E K,CONTRERAS M,et al. Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2010,107(26):11971-11975.
[36]李雪松.“全红”体色瓯江彩鲤MHC多态性及其与鱼体抗病力关系的分析[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2012.
[37] ZHU B,LIU G L,GONG Y X,et al. Single-walled carbon nanotubes as candidate recombinant subunit vaccine carrier for immunization of grass carp against grass carp reovirus[J]. Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2014,41(2):279-293.
[38] MUNOZ-ATIENZA E,ARAU'JO C,MAGADAN S,et al.Invitro,and in vivo,evaluation of lactic acid bacteria of aquatic origin as probiotics for turbot(Scophthalmus maximus,L.)farming[J]. Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2014,41(2):570-580.
[39]黎建平.尼罗罗非鱼MHC Iα和β2m基因c DNA的克隆、多态性分析及组织表达特征[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2014.
[40]王娟,王宏伟,刘星,等.圆斑星鲽MHC Iα基因的克隆与组织表达分析[J].水产科学,2011,30(8):457-462.
[2] ZOKAEIFAR H,BABAEI N,CHE R S,et al. Administration of Bacillus subtilis,strains in the rearing water enhances the water quality,growth performance,immune response,and resistance against Vibrio harveyi,infection in juvenile white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei[J]. Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2014,36(1):68-74.
[3]王志敬,刘明珠,于辉,等.玉屏风多糖对草鱼生长性能、免疫器官指数和肝胰脏非特异性免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(11):3679-3686.
[4]尹福泉,吴勇亮,刘明珠,等.玉屏风多糖对草鱼肠黏膜形态结构及主要免疫与吸收相关基因表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(10):3718-3725.
[5]潘雷,郭文,高凤祥,等.饵料中添加益生菌对大菱鲆幼鱼肠道菌群及部分免疫指标的影响[J].海洋科学,2012,36(2):34-39.
[6]高凤祥,郭文,潘雷,等.几种益生菌对大菱鲆幼鱼生长及消化酶活性的影响[J].海洋科学,2011,35(1):10-16.
[7]岳道友,李亚明,赵杰.益生菌与中草药对海兰褐蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2017,51(3):370-373.
[8]李树鹏,郝艳霜,陈福星,等.黄芪多糖和2株益生菌体外抑菌作用研究[J].河南农业科学,2007,36(4):86-88.
[9]李东光.实用饲料配方集锦[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010.
[10]刘淑兰,陈娟,李杰,等.复合益生菌制剂对大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)生长、消化酶和非特异性免疫指标的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2017,38(5):100-106.
[11]王纯,孙国祥,刘志培,等.解淀粉芽孢杆菌和胶红酵母复合菌对虹鳟生长性能及胃黏膜、肠黏膜菌群结构的影响[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(4):746-756.
[12]江永明,付天玺,张丽,等.微生物制剂对奥尼罗非鱼生长及消化酶活性的影响[J].水生生物学报,2011,35(6):998-1004.
[13]丁丽,周维仁,章世元,等.复合微生态制剂对异育银鲫生长及表观消化率的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2010(2):248-250.
[14] BAIRAGI A,GHOSH K S,SEN S K,et al. Enzyme producing bacterial flora isolated from fish digestive tracts[J]. Aquaculture International,2002,10(2):109-121.
[15]肖拉.枯草芽孢杆菌JS01和黄芪多糖对建鲤生长及免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2012.
[16]呙于明,刘丹,张炳坤.家禽肠道屏障功能及其营养调控[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(10):3091-3100.
[17]黄玉章,林旋,王全溪,等.黄芪多糖对罗非鱼肠绒毛形态结构及肠道免疫细胞的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(1):108-116.
[18]王子旭,佘锐萍,陈越,等.日粮锌硒水平对肉鸡小肠黏膜结构的影响[J].中国兽医科学,2003,33(7):18-21.
[19] MASLOWSKI K M,MACKAY C R. Diet,gut microbiota and immune responses[J]. Nature Immunology,2011,12(1):5-9.
[20]黄灿,张忠海,吴淑勤,等.益生芽孢杆菌对草鱼肠黏膜结构的保护作用[J].水生生物学报,2017,41(4):774-780.
[21] WANG Y. Use of probiotics Bacillus coagulans,Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Lactobacillus acidophilus as growth promoters in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)fingerlings[J]. Aquaculture Nutrition,2015,17(2):e372-e378.
[22] WU Z Q,JIANG C,LING F,et al. Effects of dietary supplementation of intestinal autochthonous bacteria on the innate immunity and disease resistance of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)[J]. Aquaculture,2015,438:105-114.
[23] DAS A,NAKHRO K,CHOWDHURY S,et al. Effects of potential probiotic Bacillus amyloliquifaciens FPTB16 on systemic and cutaneous mucosal immune responses and disease resistance of catla(Catla catla)[J]. Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2013,35(5):1547-1553.
[24] CHI C,JIANG B,YU X B,et al. Effects of three strains of intestinal autochthonous bacteria and their extracellular products on the immune response and disease resistance of common carp,Cyprinus carpio[J]. Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2014,36(1):9-18.
[25] GIRI S S,SEN S S,SUKUMARAN V. Effects of dietary supplementation of potential probiotic Pseudomonas aeruginosa VSG-2 on the innate immunity and disease resistance of tropical freshwater fish,Labeo rohita[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2012,32(6):1135-1140.
[26] DANIELS C L,MERRIFIELD D L,BOOTHROYD D P,et al. Effect of dietary Bacillus,spp. and mannan oligosaccharides(MOS)on European lobster(Homarus gammarus,L.)larvae growth performance,gut morphology and gut microbiota[J]. Aquaculture,2010,304(1):49-57.
[27] MERRIFIELD D L,DIMITROGLOU A,FOEY A,et al.The current status and future focus of probiotic and prebiotic applications for salmonids[J]. Aquaculture,2010,302(1):1-18.
[28] KRISTIANSEN M,MERRIFIELD D L,GONZALEZ J L,et al. Evaluation of prebiotic and probiotic effects on the intestinal gut microbiota and histology of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)[J]. Journal of Aquaculture Research&Development,2011(S1):1-8.
[29] LAZADO C C,CAIPANG C M A. Atlantic cod in the dynamic probiotics research in aquaculture[J]. Aquaculture,2014,424/425(12):53-62.
[30]徐永平,汪婷婷,孙永欣,等.水产动物溶菌酶研究的最新进展[J].水产科学,2011,30(5):307-310.
[31]赵晶晶,秦操,董惠峰,等.益生菌对点带石斑鱼非特异性免疫功能的影响[J].动物医学进展,2013,34(5):26-30.
[32]李桂英,宋晓玲,孙艳,等.几株肠道益生菌对凡纳滨对虾非特异免疫力和抗病力的影响[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(6):1358-1367.
[33]夏磊,赵明军,张洪玉,等.不同比例复合益生菌对凡纳滨对虾生长、免疫及抗氨氮能力的影响[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(6):1299-1307.
[34] ARON-WISNEWSKY J,CLEMENT K. The gut microbiome,diet,and links to cardiometabolic and chronic disorders[J]. Nature Reviews Nephrology,2016,12(3):169-181.
[35] DOMINGUEZ-BELLO M G,COSTELLO E K,CONTRERAS M,et al. Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2010,107(26):11971-11975.
[36]李雪松.“全红”体色瓯江彩鲤MHC多态性及其与鱼体抗病力关系的分析[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2012.
[37] ZHU B,LIU G L,GONG Y X,et al. Single-walled carbon nanotubes as candidate recombinant subunit vaccine carrier for immunization of grass carp against grass carp reovirus[J]. Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2014,41(2):279-293.
[38] MUNOZ-ATIENZA E,ARAU'JO C,MAGADAN S,et al.Invitro,and in vivo,evaluation of lactic acid bacteria of aquatic origin as probiotics for turbot(Scophthalmus maximus,L.)farming[J]. Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2014,41(2):570-580.
[39]黎建平.尼罗罗非鱼MHC Iα和β2m基因c DNA的克隆、多态性分析及组织表达特征[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2014.
[40]王娟,王宏伟,刘星,等.圆斑星鲽MHC Iα基因的克隆与组织表达分析[J].水产科学,2011,30(8):457-462.
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