深部软岩巷道高预应力增阻大变形锚杆研究及工程应用
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摘要
为解决深部软岩巷道大变形、返修率高等问题,在前人研究基础上研发了一种新型高预应力增阻大变形锚杆,该新型锚杆主要由托盘、夹片、杆体1、杆体2、连接套、锥形套、滑移套管等组成,可以施加不低于120 kN的高预应力,让压点可控为180～240 kN,变形量可在150～1 000 mm内灵活调节,锚杆的破断力可达到350 kN左右,且在变形的过程当中能保持较高的渐增支护阻力;室内静力拉伸特性试验结果表明,该新型锚杆与传统锚杆相比,具有"先抗后让再抗,防断增阻"的优良特性;为进一步研究新型锚杆的力学支护机理,在建立该锚杆杆体轴向力学特性曲线的基础上,采用Fish语言编程对FLAC3D数值模拟软件CABLE单元进行了相应二次开发,数值试验获得的试验结果与室内试验结果基本完全一致,高精度模拟了大变形锚杆的轴向拉伸力学行为;典型深部大变形软岩巷道-金阳煤矿-500 m疏水巷变形机制研究表明,围岩强度低、地应力高以及锚杆初始预应力低是导致其变形的主要因素,采用传统等强螺纹钢锚杆支护已经无法解决三者之间的突出矛盾,必须设法加强支护强度降低围岩的变形速率,同时提高支护构件适应围岩大变形的能力,才能保持巷道围岩的稳定;为验证该新型锚杆的支护效果,提出了以该新型高预应力增阻大变形锚杆为核心的新"锚网喷"支护技术,数值模拟及现场监测结果表明,该支护方案可有效提高锚杆受力状态,降低围岩变形量,与原支护方案相比,围岩最终变形量减少了近60%,取得了良好的支护效果,具有重要的推广应用价值。
In order to overcome the support problem of large deformation and the high repairing rate of deep soft rock roadway,a new type of high pre-stressed increase-resistance large deformation bolt is developed based on previous studies.It is mainly composed of pallet,metal clip,rod body 1,rod body 2,connection sleeve,cone-thimble and sliding sleeve.Initial pre-stress applied on the new bolt can reach 120 kN,the let-point-pressure can be controlled to 180-240 kN,the deformation can be adjusted flexibly within 150-1 000 mm.In the process of deformation,it can maintain a high level of increasing support resistance. Static tensile tests in laboratory show that compared with the traditional bolt,the new bolt has excellent characteristics of "first to support,then let the pressure,the last continue to support,prevent the fracture and increase the resistance". In order to further study the mechanical support mechanism of the new bolt,the CABLE unit of FLAC3 D numerical simulation software is secondarily developed by using Fish language programming,and the axial tensile mechanical behavior of large deformation bolt is simulated with high precision.Research on the deformation mechanism of a typical deep large deformation soft rock roadway-500 m hydrophobic roadway at Jinyang coal mine in China shows that the low strength of surrounding rock,high ground stress and low initial pre-stress of bolt are the main factors leading to its deformation.It has been unable to solve the outstanding contradiction among the three by using the traditional bolt support. In order to maintain the stability of roadway surrounding rock,it is necessary to strengthen the support strength for reducing the deformation rate of surrounding rock and improving the ability of supporting members to adapt to the large deformation of surrounding rock.To verify the support effect of new bolt,a new "bolt-mesh-spurting"support technology with the core of new high pre-stressed increase-resistance large deformation bolt is proposed,according to the deformation characteristics and mechanism of surrounding rock in typical deep soft rock roadway of-500 m water discharging gateway in Jinyang coal mine. Numerical simulation and field monitoring results show that the new supporting scheme can effectively improve the stress state of bolt and reduce the deformation of surrounding rock,the final deformation of surrounding rock decreases by nearly 60% compared with the original support scheme.
In order to overcome the support problem of large deformation and the high repairing rate of deep soft rock roadway,a new type of high pre-stressed increase-resistance large deformation bolt is developed based on previous studies.It is mainly composed of pallet,metal clip,rod body 1,rod body 2,connection sleeve,cone-thimble and sliding sleeve.Initial pre-stress applied on the new bolt can reach 120 kN,the let-point-pressure can be controlled to 180-240 kN,the deformation can be adjusted flexibly within 150-1 000 mm.In the process of deformation,it can maintain a high level of increasing support resistance. Static tensile tests in laboratory show that compared with the traditional bolt,the new bolt has excellent characteristics of "first to support,then let the pressure,the last continue to support,prevent the fracture and increase the resistance". In order to further study the mechanical support mechanism of the new bolt,the CABLE unit of FLAC3 D numerical simulation software is secondarily developed by using Fish language programming,and the axial tensile mechanical behavior of large deformation bolt is simulated with high precision.Research on the deformation mechanism of a typical deep large deformation soft rock roadway-500 m hydrophobic roadway at Jinyang coal mine in China shows that the low strength of surrounding rock,high ground stress and low initial pre-stress of bolt are the main factors leading to its deformation.It has been unable to solve the outstanding contradiction among the three by using the traditional bolt support. In order to maintain the stability of roadway surrounding rock,it is necessary to strengthen the support strength for reducing the deformation rate of surrounding rock and improving the ability of supporting members to adapt to the large deformation of surrounding rock.To verify the support effect of new bolt,a new "bolt-mesh-spurting"support technology with the core of new high pre-stressed increase-resistance large deformation bolt is proposed,according to the deformation characteristics and mechanism of surrounding rock in typical deep soft rock roadway of-500 m water discharging gateway in Jinyang coal mine. Numerical simulation and field monitoring results show that the new supporting scheme can effectively improve the stress state of bolt and reduce the deformation of surrounding rock,the final deformation of surrounding rock decreases by nearly 60% compared with the original support scheme.
引文
[1]何满潮.中国煤矿软岩巷道支护理论与实践[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1996.
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[3]孙晓明,王冬,王聪,等.恒阻大变形锚杆拉伸力学性能及其应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(9):1765-1771.SUN Xiaoming,WANG Dong,WANG Cong,et al. Tensile properties and application of constant resistance and large deformation bolts[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(9):1765-1771.
[4]康红普,王金华,林健.煤矿巷道锚杆支护应用实例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(4):649-664.KANG Hongpu,WANG Jinhua,LIN Jian.Case studies of rock bolting in coal mine roadways[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(4):649-664.
[5]王平,姜福兴,王存文.大变形锚杆索协调防冲支护的理论研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(2):191-196.WANG Ping,JIANG Fuxing,WANG Cunwen. The study on co ordination for avoiding impact using bolt and bolt cable with large deformation[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(2):191-196.
[6]侯朝炯,勾攀峰.巷道锚杆支护围岩强度强化机理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3):342-345.HOU Chaojiong,GOU panfeng. Mechanism study on strength enhancement for the rocks surrounding roadway by bolt[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(3):342-345.
[7]张红军,李海燕,李术才,等.深部软岩巷道围岩变形机制及支护技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(6):955-962.ZHANG Hongjun,LI Haiyan,LI Shucai,et al. Deformation mechanism of surrounding rock and support technology in deep soft rock roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(6):955-962.
[8]李为腾,王琦,李术才,等.深部顶板夹煤层巷道围岩变形破坏机制及控制[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(1):47-56.LI Weiteng,WANG Qi,LI Shucai,et al. Deformation and failure mechanism analysis and control of deep roadway with intercalated coal seam in roof[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(1):47-56.
[9]何满潮,钱七虎.深部岩体力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:223-234.
[10] ANSELL A. Laboratory testing of a new type of energy absorbin grock bolt[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2005,20(4):291-300.
[11] LI C C.A new energy absorbing bolt for rock support in high stressrock masses[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(3):396-404.
[12]侯朝炯,何亚男.杆体可伸长锚杆的原理及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(6):544-549.HOU Chaojiong,HE Yanan.Principle and application of rock bolts with extensible rod[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1997,16(6):544-549.
[13]李晨,何满潮,宫伟力.恒阻大变形锚杆负泊松比效应的冲击动力学分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(6):1393-1399.LI Chen,HE Manchao,GONG Weili. Analysis on impact dynamics of negative Poisson’s ratio effect of bolt bolt with constant resistance and large deformation[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(6):1393-1399.
[14]何满潮,吕谦,陶志刚,等.静力拉伸下恒阻大变形锚索应变特征实验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(2):213-220.HE Manchao,LQian,Tao zhigang,et al. Experimental study of strain characteristics of constant-resistant large deformation bolt cable under static stretching condition[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(2):213-220.
[15]刘洪涛,王飞,王广辉,等.大变形巷道顶板可接长锚杆支护系统性能研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(4):600-607.LIU Hongtao,WANG Fei,WANG Guanghui,et al. Research on lengthening bolt roof support system performance in largely deformed roadway[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(4):600-607.
[16]程良奎,范景伦,韩军,等.岩土锚固[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[17]康红普,林健,吴拥政.全断面高预应力强力锚索支护技术及其在动压巷道中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(9):1153-1159.KANG Hongpu,LIN Jian,WU Yongzheng.High pretensioned stress and in tensive cable bolting technology set in full section and application in entry affected by dynamic pressure[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(9):1153-1159.
[18]张农,高明仕.煤巷高强预应力锚杆支护技术与应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(5):524-527.ZHANG Nong,GAO Mingshi.High-strength and pretension bolting support of coal roadway and its application[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(5):524-527.
[19]李海燕,张红军,李术才,等.新型高预应力锚索及锚注联合支护技术研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(3):582-589.LI Haiyan,ZHANG Hongjun,LI Shucai,et al. Research and application on new high pre-stressed bolt cable with bolt-grouting comprehensive support technology[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(3):582-589.
[20] Itasca Consulting Group Inc.Fast language analysis of continua in3 dimensions(version 3. 0)[M].[S. l.]:User’s Manual. Itasca Consulting Group,Inc.,2005:62-65.
[21]陈育民,徐鼎平.FLAC/FLAC3D基础与工程实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2013:164-167.
[2]何满潮,孙晓明.中国煤矿软岩巷道工程支护设计与施工指南[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:58-61.
[3]孙晓明,王冬,王聪,等.恒阻大变形锚杆拉伸力学性能及其应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(9):1765-1771.SUN Xiaoming,WANG Dong,WANG Cong,et al. Tensile properties and application of constant resistance and large deformation bolts[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(9):1765-1771.
[4]康红普,王金华,林健.煤矿巷道锚杆支护应用实例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(4):649-664.KANG Hongpu,WANG Jinhua,LIN Jian.Case studies of rock bolting in coal mine roadways[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(4):649-664.
[5]王平,姜福兴,王存文.大变形锚杆索协调防冲支护的理论研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(2):191-196.WANG Ping,JIANG Fuxing,WANG Cunwen. The study on co ordination for avoiding impact using bolt and bolt cable with large deformation[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(2):191-196.
[6]侯朝炯,勾攀峰.巷道锚杆支护围岩强度强化机理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3):342-345.HOU Chaojiong,GOU panfeng. Mechanism study on strength enhancement for the rocks surrounding roadway by bolt[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(3):342-345.
[7]张红军,李海燕,李术才,等.深部软岩巷道围岩变形机制及支护技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(6):955-962.ZHANG Hongjun,LI Haiyan,LI Shucai,et al. Deformation mechanism of surrounding rock and support technology in deep soft rock roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(6):955-962.
[8]李为腾,王琦,李术才,等.深部顶板夹煤层巷道围岩变形破坏机制及控制[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(1):47-56.LI Weiteng,WANG Qi,LI Shucai,et al. Deformation and failure mechanism analysis and control of deep roadway with intercalated coal seam in roof[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(1):47-56.
[9]何满潮,钱七虎.深部岩体力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:223-234.
[10] ANSELL A. Laboratory testing of a new type of energy absorbin grock bolt[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2005,20(4):291-300.
[11] LI C C.A new energy absorbing bolt for rock support in high stressrock masses[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(3):396-404.
[12]侯朝炯,何亚男.杆体可伸长锚杆的原理及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(6):544-549.HOU Chaojiong,HE Yanan.Principle and application of rock bolts with extensible rod[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1997,16(6):544-549.
[13]李晨,何满潮,宫伟力.恒阻大变形锚杆负泊松比效应的冲击动力学分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(6):1393-1399.LI Chen,HE Manchao,GONG Weili. Analysis on impact dynamics of negative Poisson’s ratio effect of bolt bolt with constant resistance and large deformation[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(6):1393-1399.
[14]何满潮,吕谦,陶志刚,等.静力拉伸下恒阻大变形锚索应变特征实验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(2):213-220.HE Manchao,LQian,Tao zhigang,et al. Experimental study of strain characteristics of constant-resistant large deformation bolt cable under static stretching condition[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(2):213-220.
[15]刘洪涛,王飞,王广辉,等.大变形巷道顶板可接长锚杆支护系统性能研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(4):600-607.LIU Hongtao,WANG Fei,WANG Guanghui,et al. Research on lengthening bolt roof support system performance in largely deformed roadway[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(4):600-607.
[16]程良奎,范景伦,韩军,等.岩土锚固[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[17]康红普,林健,吴拥政.全断面高预应力强力锚索支护技术及其在动压巷道中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(9):1153-1159.KANG Hongpu,LIN Jian,WU Yongzheng.High pretensioned stress and in tensive cable bolting technology set in full section and application in entry affected by dynamic pressure[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(9):1153-1159.
[18]张农,高明仕.煤巷高强预应力锚杆支护技术与应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(5):524-527.ZHANG Nong,GAO Mingshi.High-strength and pretension bolting support of coal roadway and its application[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(5):524-527.
[19]李海燕,张红军,李术才,等.新型高预应力锚索及锚注联合支护技术研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(3):582-589.LI Haiyan,ZHANG Hongjun,LI Shucai,et al. Research and application on new high pre-stressed bolt cable with bolt-grouting comprehensive support technology[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(3):582-589.
[20] Itasca Consulting Group Inc.Fast language analysis of continua in3 dimensions(version 3. 0)[M].[S. l.]:User’s Manual. Itasca Consulting Group,Inc.,2005:62-65.
[21]陈育民,徐鼎平.FLAC/FLAC3D基础与工程实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2013:164-167.
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