复合植物提取物对奶牛产奶量、乳品质及经济效益的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究日粮中添加复合植物提取物对奶牛产奶量、乳成分、体细胞数及经济效益的影响。选择月龄(25～27月龄)、胎次(1胎)、泌乳天数相近且健康的泌乳高峰期荷斯坦牛230头,其中高产牛(日产奶量34.00±2.50kg)140头,中产牛(日产奶量27.01±2.38kg)90头。高产牛随机分为对照组和试验组,每组70头牛,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮+1g/(头·d)复合植物提取物;中产牛随机分为对照组和试验组,每组45头牛,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮+1g/(头·d)复合植物提取物,预试期3d,正试期30d。结果表明:(1)日粮添加复合植物提取物后,中产牛日产奶量提高1.95%(P>0.05),高产牛提高3.42%(P>0.05)。(2)复合植物提取物对中产牛、高产牛的乳脂率、乳蛋白率、脂蛋比、体细胞数及尿素氮含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。(3)日粮添加复合植物提取物,中产牛经济效益增加1.56元/(头·d),高产牛增加3.66元/(头·d)。在本试验条件下,日粮添加1g/(头·d)复合植物提取物能够在一定程度上提高奶牛产奶量和经济效益,但对乳成分无显著影响。
The object of this experiment was to study the effects of compound plant extracts on milk production milk composition and economic benefits in dairy cows.Totally 230 healthy Holstein cows with similar age(25～27months old),parity(first fetus)and lactation stage were chosen,140 of them were high product(milk yield 34.00±2.50kg/d)and the other 90 cows were middle product(milk yield 27.01±2.38kg/d).High-product cows were randomly divided into 2 groups with 70 cows per group.The supplement levels of compound plant extracts in control group and tes group were 0 and 1g/(head·d),respectively.Middle-product cows were randomly divided into 2 groups with 45cows per group.The supplement levels of compound plant extracts in control group and test group were 0 and 1 g/(head·d),respectively.The pretest lasted for 3 days,and the test lasted for 30 days.The results showed as follows(1)Adding compound plant extracts increased milk production by 1.95%(P>0.05)in middle-product cows and 3.42%(P>0.05)in high-product cows.(2)Adding compound plant extracts had no significant effects on milk fat yield,milk protein rate,fat/protein,SCC and MUN content(P>0.05)in middle-product and high-product cows.(3)Compared with control group,the economic benefits of groups in middle-product and high-product cows were increased by1.56 yuan/(head·d)and 3.66 yuan/(head·d).In this experiment,adding 1g/(head·d)compound plant extracts could increase milk production and economic benefits to some extent,but had no significant effects on milk composition.
The object of this experiment was to study the effects of compound plant extracts on milk production milk composition and economic benefits in dairy cows.Totally 230 healthy Holstein cows with similar age(25～27months old),parity(first fetus)and lactation stage were chosen,140 of them were high product(milk yield 34.00±2.50kg/d)and the other 90 cows were middle product(milk yield 27.01±2.38kg/d).High-product cows were randomly divided into 2 groups with 70 cows per group.The supplement levels of compound plant extracts in control group and tes group were 0 and 1g/(head·d),respectively.Middle-product cows were randomly divided into 2 groups with 45cows per group.The supplement levels of compound plant extracts in control group and test group were 0 and 1 g/(head·d),respectively.The pretest lasted for 3 days,and the test lasted for 30 days.The results showed as follows(1)Adding compound plant extracts increased milk production by 1.95%(P>0.05)in middle-product cows and 3.42%(P>0.05)in high-product cows.(2)Adding compound plant extracts had no significant effects on milk fat yield,milk protein rate,fat/protein,SCC and MUN content(P>0.05)in middle-product and high-product cows.(3)Compared with control group,the economic benefits of groups in middle-product and high-product cows were increased by1.56 yuan/(head·d)and 3.66 yuan/(head·d).In this experiment,adding 1g/(head·d)compound plant extracts could increase milk production and economic benefits to some extent,but had no significant effects on milk composition.
引文
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[11]张成喜,刘开东,孙国强.肉桂醛对奶牛尿中嘌呤衍生物排出量、产奶性能和氮排泄的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(6):2010-2017.
[12]周明,陈征义,申书婷.肉桂醛的研究进展[J].经济动物学报,2015,19(1):1-5.
[13]Benchaar C.Diet supplementation with cinnamon oil,cinnamaldehyde,or monensin does not reduce enteric methane production of dairy cows[J].Animal An International Journal of Animal Bioscience,2016,10(3):418-425.
[14]Tekippe J A,Tacoma R,Hristov A N,et al.Effect of essential oils on ruminal fermentation and lactation performance of dairy cows.[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(12):7892-7903.
[15]Wall E H,Doane P H,Donkin S S,et al.The effects of supplementation with a blend of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(9):5709-5717.
[16]Oh J,Giallongo F,Frederick T,et al.Effects of dietary Capsicum oleoresin on productivity and immune responses in lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(9):6327.
[17]Oh J,Hristov A N,Lee C,et al.Immune and production responses of dairy cows to postruminal supplementation with phytonutrients[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(12):7830-7843.
[18]Oh J,Harper M,Giallongo F,et al.Effects of rumen-protected Capsicum oleoresin on productivity and responses to a glucose tolerance test in lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(3):1888-1901.
[19]Oh J,Harper M,Giallongo F,et al.Effects of rumen-protected Capsicum oleoresin on immune responses in dairy cows intravenously challenged with lipopolysaccharide[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(3):1902-1913.
[2]张晶,石磊岭,李慧萍,等.辣椒油树脂、辣椒红素及辣椒素提取工艺的研究[J].食品科学,2010,31(2):60-62.
[3]邢学辉.辣椒油树脂的纯化及其抗氧化研究[D].天津:天津科技大学,2013.
[4]李冬生,康旭,杨红.辣椒油树脂的提取及其微胶囊的研制[J].食品工业,2004,3:37-38.
[5]Cardozo P W,Calsamiglia S,Ferret A,et al.Effects of alfalfa extract,anise,capsicum,and a mixture of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on ruminal fermentation and protein degradation in beef heifers fed a high-concentrate diet[J].Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(10):2801.
[6]Rodríguez-Prado M,Ferret A,Zwieten J,et al.Effects of dietary addition of capsicum extract on intake,water consumption,and rumen fermentation of fattening heifers fed a high-concentrate diet[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90(6):1879.
[7]Karadas F,Pirgozliev V,Rose S P,et al.Dietary essential oils improve the hepatic antioxidative status of broiler chickens[J].British Poultry Science,2014,55(3):329-334.
[8]Liu Y,Song M,Che T M,et al.Effects of capsicum oleoresin,garlic botanical,and turmeric oleoresin on gene expression profile of ilea mucosa in weaned pigs.[J].Journal of Animal Science,2014,92(8):3426.
[9]Liu Y,Song M,Che T M,et al.Dietary plant extracts modulate gene expression profiles in ileal mucosa of weaned pigs after an Escherichia coli infection.[J].Journal of Animal Science,2014,92(5):2050-2062.
[10]李世宏,杨亚军,刘希望,等.丁香酚在畜牧业生产中的应用[J].中国草食动物科学,2015,35(5):68-71.
[11]张成喜,刘开东,孙国强.肉桂醛对奶牛尿中嘌呤衍生物排出量、产奶性能和氮排泄的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(6):2010-2017.
[12]周明,陈征义,申书婷.肉桂醛的研究进展[J].经济动物学报,2015,19(1):1-5.
[13]Benchaar C.Diet supplementation with cinnamon oil,cinnamaldehyde,or monensin does not reduce enteric methane production of dairy cows[J].Animal An International Journal of Animal Bioscience,2016,10(3):418-425.
[14]Tekippe J A,Tacoma R,Hristov A N,et al.Effect of essential oils on ruminal fermentation and lactation performance of dairy cows.[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(12):7892-7903.
[15]Wall E H,Doane P H,Donkin S S,et al.The effects of supplementation with a blend of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(9):5709-5717.
[16]Oh J,Giallongo F,Frederick T,et al.Effects of dietary Capsicum oleoresin on productivity and immune responses in lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(9):6327.
[17]Oh J,Hristov A N,Lee C,et al.Immune and production responses of dairy cows to postruminal supplementation with phytonutrients[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(12):7830-7843.
[18]Oh J,Harper M,Giallongo F,et al.Effects of rumen-protected Capsicum oleoresin on productivity and responses to a glucose tolerance test in lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(3):1888-1901.
[19]Oh J,Harper M,Giallongo F,et al.Effects of rumen-protected Capsicum oleoresin on immune responses in dairy cows intravenously challenged with lipopolysaccharide[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(3):1902-1913.
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