2种风险评估方法在2-丁氧基乙醇职业健康风险评估中的应用
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摘要
目的比较2种风险评价方法对2-丁氧基乙醇(2-BE)的职业健康风险评估结果。方法以天津市某自行车制造企业、深圳市某印刷企业、北京市某汽车制造企业为研究对象,对3家企业进行现场职业卫生调查,检测工作场所2-BE水平。并采用新加坡半定量风险评价法和职业危害风险评估指数法分别对2-BE进行职业健康风险评估,并对2种风险评价方法的风险分级结果进行对比分析。结果新加坡半定量风险评估法评估结果显示,某自行车制造企业的贴花车间、某印刷企业的装订和平印车间、某汽车制造企业的面漆、中涂漆以及电泳车间的2-BE风险比值均为0.4,风险等级均为低风险。职业危害风险评估指数法评估结果显示,某自行车制造企业的贴花岗位、某印刷企业的装订和平印岗位、某汽车制造企业的面漆、中涂漆以及电泳岗位风险比值分别为0.4、0.4、0.2,风险等级分别为低风险、低风险和可忽略风险。2种评估方法对某自行车制造企业的贴花岗位以及某印刷企业的装订、平印岗位的评估结果保持一致;对某汽车制造业的喷漆车间的关键岗位的风险评估结果不一致。结论职业危害风险评估指数法综合考虑了健康效应、接触情况和作业条件,能够更加全面、准确地评估2-BE引发的职业健康风险。
Objective To compare the results of occupational health risk of 2-butoxyethanol(2-BE) by two risk assessment methods. Methods Occupational health investigation and detecting 2-BE level in workplace were carried out in a bicycle manufacturing factory in Tianjin City, a printing factory in Shenzhen City and an automobile manufacturing factory in Beijing City. The occupational health risk of 2-BE was assessed by Singapore's semi-quantitative risk assessment model and occupational hazards risk assessment index method. The risk classification results of the 2 risk assessment methods were compared and analyzed. Results The results of Singapore's semi-quantitative risk assessment method showed that all the 2-BE risk ratios of the decals workshop in the bicycle manufacturing factory, the binding and printing workshops of the printing factory, the spray finishing and the intermediate painting and the electrophoresis workshops of the automobile manufacturing factory were 0.4. The classification of 2-BE risk ratios belongs to low risk level. The results of occupational hazards risk assessment index method showed that the risk ratios of decals workshop in the bicycle manufacturing factory, the binding and printing of the printing factory, the spray finishing and the intermediate painting and the electrophoresis of the automobile manufacturing factory were 0.4, 0.4 and 0.2, respectively, which correspondence to low, low and negligible risk classification, respectively. The two methods were consistent with the appraisal positions of decals post in the bicycle manufacturing factory and the evaluation of binding and printing positions of a printing factory, although the risk assessment results of key positions in the paint shop of an automobile manufacturing industry were inconsistent. Conclusion The occupational hazard risk assessment index method takes into account of the health effects, exposure conditions and operating conditions, and can comprehensively and accurately assess the occupational health risks caused by 2-BE.
Objective To compare the results of occupational health risk of 2-butoxyethanol(2-BE) by two risk assessment methods. Methods Occupational health investigation and detecting 2-BE level in workplace were carried out in a bicycle manufacturing factory in Tianjin City, a printing factory in Shenzhen City and an automobile manufacturing factory in Beijing City. The occupational health risk of 2-BE was assessed by Singapore's semi-quantitative risk assessment model and occupational hazards risk assessment index method. The risk classification results of the 2 risk assessment methods were compared and analyzed. Results The results of Singapore's semi-quantitative risk assessment method showed that all the 2-BE risk ratios of the decals workshop in the bicycle manufacturing factory, the binding and printing workshops of the printing factory, the spray finishing and the intermediate painting and the electrophoresis workshops of the automobile manufacturing factory were 0.4. The classification of 2-BE risk ratios belongs to low risk level. The results of occupational hazards risk assessment index method showed that the risk ratios of decals workshop in the bicycle manufacturing factory, the binding and printing of the printing factory, the spray finishing and the intermediate painting and the electrophoresis of the automobile manufacturing factory were 0.4, 0.4 and 0.2, respectively, which correspondence to low, low and negligible risk classification, respectively. The two methods were consistent with the appraisal positions of decals post in the bicycle manufacturing factory and the evaluation of binding and printing positions of a printing factory, although the risk assessment results of key positions in the paint shop of an automobile manufacturing industry were inconsistent. Conclusion The occupational hazard risk assessment index method takes into account of the health effects, exposure conditions and operating conditions, and can comprehensively and accurately assess the occupational health risks caused by 2-BE.
引文
[1] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.工作场所化学有害因素职业健康风险评估技术导则:GBZ/T 298—2017[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018.
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[3] 夏丽华,曾子芳,刘文娟,等.急性轻度2-丁氧基乙醇中毒2例报告[J].中国工业医学杂志,2007,20(3):169-170.
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[5] 中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气有毒物质测定烷氧基乙醇类化合物:GBZ/T 160.50—2004[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004.
[6] Ministry of Manpower. A semi-quantitative method to assess occupational exposure to harmful chemicals[R]. Singapore: Ministry of Manpower Occupational Safety and Health Division,2005.
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[9] 张美辨,唐仕川.职业健康风险评估方法学实践应用[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2016:1-29.
[10] YARI S, FALLAH ASADI A, VARMAZYAR S. Assessment of semi-quantitative health risks of exposure to harmful chemical agents in the context of carcinogenesis in the latex glove manufacturing industry[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev,2016,17(S3):205-211.
[11] BEHESHTI M H, FIROOZI CHAHAK A, ALINAGHI LANGARI A A, et al. Semi-quantitative risk assessment of health exposure to hazardous chemical agents in a petrochemical plant[J]. J Occup Health Epidemiol,2015,4(1):1-8.
[12] 袁伟明,傅红,张美辨,等.国外五种职业危害风险评估模型在某电镀企业的应用[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2014,32(12):965-967.
[13] 周莉芳,张美辨,邹华,等.两种风险评估模型在多个行业职业健康风险评估的应用[J].预防医学,2017,29(12):1217-1222.
[14] 王爱红,冷朋波,李晓海,等.两种风险评估法在某黑色金属铸造企业职业健康风险评估中的应用[J].环境与职业医学,2017,34(10):909-913.
[15] 冯斌,张志虎,何珍.两种风险评估法在铅酸蓄电池行业职业危害评价中的应用[J].中国工业医学杂志,2017,30(3):216-218.
[16] 王庆荣,王艳华,刘宗伟,等.应用2种风险评价方法评估某胶合板制造企业甲醛危害风险级别[J].中国职业医学,2017,44(3):309-312.
[17] 吕向裴,宋瀚波,齐放,等.不同风险评估模型在硬质合金粉尘作业管理中的应用[J].中国工业医学杂志,2017,30(5):332-336.
[18] 李鹏飞,杨永坚.风险评估法在某化工企业职业病危害现状评价中的综合应用[J].职业与健康,2016,32(1):11-14.
[19] 伍波,程秀荣,张高峰,等.应用两种风险评估模型评估1,3-丁二烯暴露的职业健康风险[J].职业与健康,2018,34(7):865-868.
[20] 吴智君,徐波,江海,等.三种风险评估模型在二甲基甲酰胺职业健康风险评估中的应用[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2016,34(8):576-580.
[21] 吴宾,汉锋,张思雨,等.职业危害风险指数法在煤矿煤尘职业健康风险评估中的应用[J].中国工业医学杂志,2016,29(4):311-312.
[2] 刘文慧,苏世标,徐海娟,等.职业健康风险评估方法应用研究进展[J].中国职业医学,2016,43(4):487-490.
[3] 夏丽华,曾子芳,刘文娟,等.急性轻度2-丁氧基乙醇中毒2例报告[J].中国工业医学杂志,2007,20(3):169-170.
[4] 中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范:GBZ 159—2004[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006.
[5] 中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气有毒物质测定烷氧基乙醇类化合物:GBZ/T 160.50—2004[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004.
[6] Ministry of Manpower. A semi-quantitative method to assess occupational exposure to harmful chemicals[R]. Singapore: Ministry of Manpower Occupational Safety and Health Division,2005.
[7] 林嗣豪,王治明,唐文娟,等.职业危害风险指数评估方法的初步研究[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2006,24(12):769-771.
[8] 中华人民共和国卫生部.职业性接触毒物危害程度分级:GBZ 230—2010[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2010.
[9] 张美辨,唐仕川.职业健康风险评估方法学实践应用[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2016:1-29.
[10] YARI S, FALLAH ASADI A, VARMAZYAR S. Assessment of semi-quantitative health risks of exposure to harmful chemical agents in the context of carcinogenesis in the latex glove manufacturing industry[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev,2016,17(S3):205-211.
[11] BEHESHTI M H, FIROOZI CHAHAK A, ALINAGHI LANGARI A A, et al. Semi-quantitative risk assessment of health exposure to hazardous chemical agents in a petrochemical plant[J]. J Occup Health Epidemiol,2015,4(1):1-8.
[12] 袁伟明,傅红,张美辨,等.国外五种职业危害风险评估模型在某电镀企业的应用[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2014,32(12):965-967.
[13] 周莉芳,张美辨,邹华,等.两种风险评估模型在多个行业职业健康风险评估的应用[J].预防医学,2017,29(12):1217-1222.
[14] 王爱红,冷朋波,李晓海,等.两种风险评估法在某黑色金属铸造企业职业健康风险评估中的应用[J].环境与职业医学,2017,34(10):909-913.
[15] 冯斌,张志虎,何珍.两种风险评估法在铅酸蓄电池行业职业危害评价中的应用[J].中国工业医学杂志,2017,30(3):216-218.
[16] 王庆荣,王艳华,刘宗伟,等.应用2种风险评价方法评估某胶合板制造企业甲醛危害风险级别[J].中国职业医学,2017,44(3):309-312.
[17] 吕向裴,宋瀚波,齐放,等.不同风险评估模型在硬质合金粉尘作业管理中的应用[J].中国工业医学杂志,2017,30(5):332-336.
[18] 李鹏飞,杨永坚.风险评估法在某化工企业职业病危害现状评价中的综合应用[J].职业与健康,2016,32(1):11-14.
[19] 伍波,程秀荣,张高峰,等.应用两种风险评估模型评估1,3-丁二烯暴露的职业健康风险[J].职业与健康,2018,34(7):865-868.
[20] 吴智君,徐波,江海,等.三种风险评估模型在二甲基甲酰胺职业健康风险评估中的应用[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2016,34(8):576-580.
[21] 吴宾,汉锋,张思雨,等.职业危害风险指数法在煤矿煤尘职业健康风险评估中的应用[J].中国工业医学杂志,2016,29(4):311-312.
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