校园课外体育锻炼对小学高年级学生身体自尊和自信的影响
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摘要
目的:探讨校园课外体育锻炼对小学生身体自尊、自信的影响。方法:采用方便取样的方法抽取小学五年级70名学生为实验对象,随机分配实验组和对照组。实验组在常规体育活动同时,按照持续12周、每周3次、每次累积30分钟的中等强度"篮球+花样跳绳"组合运动项目进行体育锻炼,对照组进行常规体育活动。以班级团体测量的方式于实验前1周、实验6周后和实验12周后,分别使用《少年儿童身体自尊量表》《小学生自信心问卷》进行身体自尊和自信心测量。结果:实验组学生在身体自尊总分上12周后测显著高于前测(P <0.05),在自信总分上12周后测和6周中测得分显著高于前测(P <0.05)。身体自尊中介模型检验表明,篮球+花样跳绳既可以直接提升小学高年级学生的自信心,也可以通过改善身体自尊,从而间接地提升小学高年级学生的自信心水平。结论:中等强度体育锻炼能够显著提升小学高年级学生的身体自尊和自信水平;身体自尊在体育锻炼提升小学高年级学生自信中起部分中介作用。
Objectives:In order to explore exercise influence on the body self-esteem and self-confidence of elementary student inside and outside the canpus.Methods:we adopted convenient sampling method to choose two classes of students in grade five as participants.They were randomly assigned into the experimental group and control group.Besoles regular physical educaiton,the experimental group was intervened for 12 weeks,3 times a week,with 30 minutes' moderate strength basketball and fancy rope jumping.The control group was given regular physical education.Before the first week of the experiment,after 6 weeks and 12 weeks of the experiment,they were measured in the class by using the"Children's body Self-esteem scale"and"the questionnaire of Primary School students' self-confidence".Results:After 12 weeks of experimental intervention,the body self-esteem(P <0.05)and self-confidence(P <0.05)of the senior grade students in primary school had been improved.The structural equation modeling analysis results supported that"basketball and fancy rope jumping"had direct effect on self-confidence of the senior grade students in primary school,and it can also improve the self-confidence of the senior grade students in primary school by improving their body self-esteem.Conclusion:exercise can significantly improve the body self-esteem and self-confidence of the senior grade students in primary school,and body self-esteem takes partial mediation effect in the effect of intervention on self-confidence.
Objectives:In order to explore exercise influence on the body self-esteem and self-confidence of elementary student inside and outside the canpus.Methods:we adopted convenient sampling method to choose two classes of students in grade five as participants.They were randomly assigned into the experimental group and control group.Besoles regular physical educaiton,the experimental group was intervened for 12 weeks,3 times a week,with 30 minutes' moderate strength basketball and fancy rope jumping.The control group was given regular physical education.Before the first week of the experiment,after 6 weeks and 12 weeks of the experiment,they were measured in the class by using the"Children's body Self-esteem scale"and"the questionnaire of Primary School students' self-confidence".Results:After 12 weeks of experimental intervention,the body self-esteem(P <0.05)and self-confidence(P <0.05)of the senior grade students in primary school had been improved.The structural equation modeling analysis results supported that"basketball and fancy rope jumping"had direct effect on self-confidence of the senior grade students in primary school,and it can also improve the self-confidence of the senior grade students in primary school by improving their body self-esteem.Conclusion:exercise can significantly improve the body self-esteem and self-confidence of the senior grade students in primary school,and body self-esteem takes partial mediation effect in the effect of intervention on self-confidence.
引文
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[8]娄虎.不同频率的中等强度篮球、健美操锻炼对大学新生皮脂厚度、身体自尊及其心境状态的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2007.
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[11]祖晶,徐蓉.参加不同体育项目锻炼的少年儿童身体自尊比较研究[J].山东体育科技,2015(5):96-99.
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[13]张强.花样跳绳项目列入高校体育课程的研究[J].体育教学论坛,2015(52):69-70.
[14]王海英.花样跳绳运动研究[J].宝鸡文理学院学报(自然科学版),2014,34(2):82-85.
[15]李海燕.上海市青少年日常体力活动测量方法的研究与应用[D].上海:上海体育学院,2010.
[16]Achenbach T M,Verhulst F C,Baron G D,et al.Epidemiological Comparisons of American and Dutch Children:I.Behavioral/Emotional Problems and Competencies Reported by Parents for Ages 4to 16[J].Journal of the A-merican Academy of Child&Adolescent Psychiatry,1987,26(3):317-325.
[17]段艳平.少年儿童身体自尊量表的编制与检验[D].武汉:武汉体育学院,2000.
[18]施党辉.小学生自信问卷的初步编制[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2011.
[19]亢青青.多元动作固定组合类项目对小学女生身体自尊影响的研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2017.
[20]徐霞,姚家新.大学生身体自尊量表的修订与检验[J].体育科学,2001,21(2):78-81.
[21]Dekel Y,Tenenbaum G,Kudar K.An exploratory study on the relationship between postural deformities and body-image and self-esteem in adolescents:the mediating role of physical activity[J].International Journal of Sport Psychology,1996,27(2):183-196.
[22]陈玉凤.舞蹈训练对提升小学生自信心的实验研究[D].重庆:重庆师范大学,2016.
[23]南宫北.拉丁舞训练对6-12岁儿童心理健康的影响研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2014.
[24]季浏.我国《普通高中体育与健康课程标准(2017年版)》解读[J].体育科学,2018,38(2):19-20.
[25]胡冰倩,王竹影.体育锻炼与心理健康的研究综述[J].中国学校体育(高等教育),2017,4(06):87-92.
[26]刘彦,高志青.体育锻炼促进心理健康的研究综述[J].武汉体育学院学报,1996,112(1):34-37.
[27]朱治玉.足球游戏练习对小学生自信心和注意力影响的实验研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2016.
[28]薛林峰,徐金尧.不同体育锻炼对身体自尊的影响[J].北京体育大学学报,2006,29(7):916-917.
[29]焦佳欣,庄洁,丁超.12周花样跳绳运动对小学生体质的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,2016,35(3):279-281.
[30]李俊杰.学习健美操对大学生身体自尊与自信心的影响研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2009.
[2]车丽萍.当代大学生自信特点研究[D].重庆:西南师范大学,2002.
[3]Secord P F,Jourard S M.The appraisal of body-cathexis:body-cathexis and the self[J].Journal of Consulting Psychology,1953,17(5):343-347.
[4]安玲.3~5岁幼儿自信心发展特点、相关影响因素及促进研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学,2011.
[5]李桂英.高职院校学生自信心现状及干预研究[D].重庆:重庆师范大学,2013.
[6]陈玉凤.舞蹈训练对提升小学生自信心的实验研究[D].重庆:重庆师范大学,2016.
[7]刘洋.职业女性体育锻炼、身体自尊水平、心理健康的相关分析[D].郑州:郑州大学,2007.
[8]娄虎.不同频率的中等强度篮球、健美操锻炼对大学新生皮脂厚度、身体自尊及其心境状态的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2007.
[9]朱风书,颜军,许克云,等.健美操对女大学生心理健康的影响及其心理机制[J].首都体育学院学报,2010,22(6):76-80.
[10]李俊.不同运动干预对儿童身体自尊发展影响的实验研究[D].苏州:苏州大学,2010.
[11]祖晶,徐蓉.参加不同体育项目锻炼的少年儿童身体自尊比较研究[J].山东体育科技,2015(5):96-99.
[12]韩佳佳.选修不同体育课大学生的理想身体自我及其相关研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2008.
[13]张强.花样跳绳项目列入高校体育课程的研究[J].体育教学论坛,2015(52):69-70.
[14]王海英.花样跳绳运动研究[J].宝鸡文理学院学报(自然科学版),2014,34(2):82-85.
[15]李海燕.上海市青少年日常体力活动测量方法的研究与应用[D].上海:上海体育学院,2010.
[16]Achenbach T M,Verhulst F C,Baron G D,et al.Epidemiological Comparisons of American and Dutch Children:I.Behavioral/Emotional Problems and Competencies Reported by Parents for Ages 4to 16[J].Journal of the A-merican Academy of Child&Adolescent Psychiatry,1987,26(3):317-325.
[17]段艳平.少年儿童身体自尊量表的编制与检验[D].武汉:武汉体育学院,2000.
[18]施党辉.小学生自信问卷的初步编制[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2011.
[19]亢青青.多元动作固定组合类项目对小学女生身体自尊影响的研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2017.
[20]徐霞,姚家新.大学生身体自尊量表的修订与检验[J].体育科学,2001,21(2):78-81.
[21]Dekel Y,Tenenbaum G,Kudar K.An exploratory study on the relationship between postural deformities and body-image and self-esteem in adolescents:the mediating role of physical activity[J].International Journal of Sport Psychology,1996,27(2):183-196.
[22]陈玉凤.舞蹈训练对提升小学生自信心的实验研究[D].重庆:重庆师范大学,2016.
[23]南宫北.拉丁舞训练对6-12岁儿童心理健康的影响研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2014.
[24]季浏.我国《普通高中体育与健康课程标准(2017年版)》解读[J].体育科学,2018,38(2):19-20.
[25]胡冰倩,王竹影.体育锻炼与心理健康的研究综述[J].中国学校体育(高等教育),2017,4(06):87-92.
[26]刘彦,高志青.体育锻炼促进心理健康的研究综述[J].武汉体育学院学报,1996,112(1):34-37.
[27]朱治玉.足球游戏练习对小学生自信心和注意力影响的实验研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2016.
[28]薛林峰,徐金尧.不同体育锻炼对身体自尊的影响[J].北京体育大学学报,2006,29(7):916-917.
[29]焦佳欣,庄洁,丁超.12周花样跳绳运动对小学生体质的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,2016,35(3):279-281.
[30]李俊杰.学习健美操对大学生身体自尊与自信心的影响研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2009.
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