西藏新生代裂谷系成因的探讨
|
摘要
通过区域重力场的三维密度扰动成像和地震层析成像研究,我们确定西藏新生代裂谷系反映为上中地壳低密度带,延深可达到42 km;同时,青藏高原下地壳也有低密度和低地震波速的物质蠕动流。和东非大裂谷等其他裂谷带不同,西藏新生代裂谷通常是多条平行裂谷组成的裂谷系,它的形成机制也是特殊的,可称为陆—陆俯冲型裂谷系。印度板块的陆—陆俯冲造成的正交方向拉张与西藏新生代裂谷系形成密切相关。地震变形空白区和陆—陆俯冲型裂谷带空间分布之间有一定的对应关系,即裂谷带的源头指向地震变形空白区。陆—陆俯冲型裂谷系的发育过程可分为以下四个环节:①陆—陆俯冲造成前沿带的地壳破裂和地震;②地震变形空白区地应力集中;③挤压地应力向俯冲带前方发散并且转化为張应力,造成前沿带正交方向的地壳破裂和地震;④大地震后应力释放,产生的回跳继续使地壳变形,每一次地震都促使裂谷的进一步发育。青藏高原的下地壳物质蠕动流对中上地壳产生的底辟作用,也促进了西藏新生代裂谷系的形成。地壳拆离面前端上中地壳的成倍加厚使温度升高,造成下地壳流向上挤出,从而使上中地壳張裂。特提斯大洋板块俯冲下去的残块在软流圈下沉也使软流圈上涌,也导致下地壳物质蠕动和西藏新生代裂谷系的形成。
By using gravity and seismic investigation data collected from the Qinghai—Xizang(Tibetan) Plateau, we obtain 3 D crustal density disturbance and seismic tomography images. The density imaging results show that the Cenozoic rifts located in Xizang extend to bottom of the middle crust,about 42 km. Low density and seismic velocity anomalies also occur in the lower crust, indicating the lower crust creeping flow. Different from other well-known continental rift zones such as the East Africa and Baykal, The Xizang Cenozoic rifts contains several parallel rifts that have special origins related to the continental-to-continental subduction, can be called the continental subduction type of the rifts. The subduction makes both crustal orthogonal compressional and extensional zones, and some deformation gaps, which become the original concentration space of underground stress to develop the rift. The formation process of the rift system contains the following steps. ① The continental subduction causes crustal faulting and earthquakes; ② stress concentration around the deformation gaps; ③ the compressional stress diverges ahead along the subduction direction and turns to orthogonal extensional zones, resulting in crustal faulting and earthquakes along the rifts; and ④ crustal rebound and deformation after every earthquake event, expanding the rifts. The lower-crust flows also have some effect on the rifting, as the creep deformation of the flow may make diapiric intrusion upward. The diaper process produces extensional stress to middle and upper crust, contributing to the growth of the continental subduction type of rifts. In addition, subside of remaining plate of the Tethys Ocean in Tibet asthenosphere has induced upwelling of hot mass in deep, resulting in mass creeps in the crust and formation of the rift system.
By using gravity and seismic investigation data collected from the Qinghai—Xizang(Tibetan) Plateau, we obtain 3 D crustal density disturbance and seismic tomography images. The density imaging results show that the Cenozoic rifts located in Xizang extend to bottom of the middle crust,about 42 km. Low density and seismic velocity anomalies also occur in the lower crust, indicating the lower crust creeping flow. Different from other well-known continental rift zones such as the East Africa and Baykal, The Xizang Cenozoic rifts contains several parallel rifts that have special origins related to the continental-to-continental subduction, can be called the continental subduction type of the rifts. The subduction makes both crustal orthogonal compressional and extensional zones, and some deformation gaps, which become the original concentration space of underground stress to develop the rift. The formation process of the rift system contains the following steps. ① The continental subduction causes crustal faulting and earthquakes; ② stress concentration around the deformation gaps; ③ the compressional stress diverges ahead along the subduction direction and turns to orthogonal extensional zones, resulting in crustal faulting and earthquakes along the rifts; and ④ crustal rebound and deformation after every earthquake event, expanding the rifts. The lower-crust flows also have some effect on the rifting, as the creep deformation of the flow may make diapiric intrusion upward. The diaper process produces extensional stress to middle and upper crust, contributing to the growth of the continental subduction type of rifts. In addition, subside of remaining plate of the Tethys Ocean in Tibet asthenosphere has induced upwelling of hot mass in deep, resulting in mass creeps in the crust and formation of the rift system.
引文
曹建玲,石耀霖,张怀,等.2009.青藏高原GPS位移绕喜马拉雅东构造结顺时针旋转成因的数值模拟.科学通报,54(2):224~234.
丁林,钟大赉.2013.印度与欧亚板块碰撞以来东喜马拉雅构造结的演化.地质科学,48(2):317~333.
邓起东.2007.中国活动构造图.北京:地震出版社.
邓起东,程绍平,马冀,等.2014.青藏高原地震活动特征及当前地震活动形势.地球物理学报,57(7):2025~2042.
侯遵泽,杨文采.1997.中国重力异常的小波变换与多尺度分析.地球物理学报,40(1):85~95.
侯遵泽,杨文采,刘家琦.1998.中国大陆地壳密度差异多尺度反演.地球物理学报,41(6):642~651.
侯遵泽,杨文采.2011.塔里木盆地多尺度重力场反演与密度结构.中国科学(D辑),41(1):29~39.
侯遵泽,杨文采,于长青.2014.华北克拉通地壳三维密度结构与地质含义.地球物理学报,57(7):2334~2343.
侯遵泽,杨文采,王允,李春华.2015.重力场实数尺度小波分解及其应用.地球物理学报,58(3):1035~1041.
滕吉文,张中杰,白武明,等,2004.岩石圈物理学.北京:科学出版社.
汪集旸.2015.地热学及其应用.北京:科学出版社.
王椿镛,吴建平,楼海,等.2006.青藏高原东部壳幔速度结构和地幔变形场的研究.地学前缘,13(5):349~359.
万永革.2015.联合采用定性和定量断层资料的应力张量反演方法及在乌鲁木齐地区的应用.地球物理学报,58(9):3114~3156.
万永革,盛书中,李祥,等.2015.2015年尼泊尔强震序列对中国大陆的应力影响.地球物理学报,58(11):4277~4286.
胥颐,刘劲松,黄忠贤,等.2014.青藏高原上地幔速度结构及其动力学性质.地球物理学报,57(12):4085~4096.
许志琴,杨经绥,李海兵,等.2011.印度-亚洲碰撞大地构造.地质学报,85(1):1~33.
杨文采,施志群,侯遵泽,程振炎.2001.离散小波变换与重力异常多重分解.地球物理学报,44(4):534~541.
杨文采.2014.从地壳上地幔构造看大陆岩石圈伸展与裂解.地质论评,60(5):945~961.
杨文采,于常青.2014.从地壳上地幔构造看大陆碰撞作用(上).地质论评,60(2):237~259.
杨文采,侯遵泽,孙艳云,等.2015a.用于区域重力场定量解释的多尺度刻痕分析方法.地球物理学报,58(2):520~531.
杨文采,侯遵泽,于常青.2015b.青藏高原地壳的三维密度结构和物质运动.地球物理学报,58(11):4223~4234
杨文采,侯遵泽,于常青.2015c,滇西地壳三维密度结构及其大地构造含义.地球物理学报,2015,58(11):3902~3916.
杨文采,孙艳云,于常青.2015d.青藏高原地壳密度变形带及构造分区.地球物理学报,58(11):4115~4128
杨文采.2016a.揭开南岭地壳形成演化之谜.地质论评,62(2):257~266.
杨文采.2016b.中国深埋沉积盆地和潜在储层分布的预测.地质论评,62(4):793~794.
杨文采,瞿辰,侯遵泽.2017a.中国大陆造山带地壳密度结构特征.地质论评,63(3):539~548.
杨文采,侯遵泽,徐义贤,颜萍.2017b.青藏高原下地壳热变形和管道流研究.地质论评,63(5):1141~1152.
杨文采.2018.扬子区地壳密度扰动成像和华南燕山期花岗岩成因.地质论评,64(5):1045~1054.
杨文采,邱隆君,于常青,等.2018.塔里木盆地西南部的三维密度扰动成像.地质论评,64(1):1~10.
杨文采,瞿辰,任浩然,等.2019.青藏高原地壳地震纵波速度扰动的层析成像.地质论评,65(1):2~15.
张培震,沈正康,王敏,等.2004.青藏高原及周边现今构造变形的运动学.地震地质,26(3):367~377.
Avouac J P,Meng L S,Wei S J,et al.2015.Lowered geoflocked main Himalayan Thrust unzipped by the 2015 Gorkha earthquake.Nature Geoscience,8(9):708~711.
Cao J L,Shi Y L,Zhang H,et al.,2009&.Numerical simulation of GPS observed clockwise rotation around the Tibetan Plateau.Chinese Science Bulletin,54(8):1398~1410.
Clark M K,Royden L H.2000.Topographic ooze:eastern margin of Tibet by lower crustal flow.Geology,28(8):703~706.
Deng Qidong.2007#.Active Structures in China.Beijing:Seismology Press.
Deng Qidong,Cheng Shaoping,Ma Jin,et al.2014&.Seismic activities and earthquake potential in the Tibetan Plateau.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,57(7):2025~2042.
Ding Lin,Zhong Dalai,2013&.The tectonic evolution of the eastern Himalaya sytaxis since the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates.Chinese Journal of Geology,48(2):317~333.
Elliott J R,Jolivet R,Gonzales P J,et al.2016.Himalayan megathrust geometry and relation to topography revealed by the Gorkha earthquake.Nature Geoscience,9(2):174~180.
Flesch L M,Haines A J,Holt W E.2001.Dynamics of the IndiaEurasia collision zone.J.Geophys.Res.,106(B8):16435~16460.
Grujic D.2006.Channel flow and continental collision tectonics:an overview.Geol.Soc.London,268:25~37
Harris N.2007.Channel flow and the Himalayanp-Tibetan orogen:a critical review.Geol.Soc.London,164:511~523
Hou Zunze,Yang Wencai.1997&.Multi-scale wavelet analysis of Chinese gravity anomalies.Chinese J.Geophys.,40(1):85~95.
Hou Zunze,Yang Wencai,Liu Jiaqi.1998&.Multi-scale density inversion of the crust of Chinese Continent.Chinese J.Geophys.,41(6):642~651.
Hou Zunze,Yang Wencai.2011&.Multi-scale inversion of density structure from gravity anomalies in Tarim Basin.Sci.in China(Ser.D),54(3):399~409.
Hou Zunze,Yang Wencai,Yu Changqing.2014&.Three dimensional density structures of the Huabei craton and implications.Chinese J.Geophys.,57(7):2334~2343.
Hou Zunze,Yang Wencai,Wang Yun,Li Chunhua.2015&.The Production and application of irrational scale wavelet details for gravity field.Chinese J.Geophys.,58(3):1035~1041.
Hubbard J,Almeida R,Foster A,2016.Structural segmentation controlled the 2015 Gorkha earthquake rupture in Nepal.Geology,44(8):639~642.
James D E.1989.Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics.New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold Com.
Jolivet L and Hataf H-C.2001.Geodynamics.Lisse:A.A.Balkema Pub.
Kapp P,Taylor M,Stockli D,et al.2008.Development of active low angle normal fault systems during orogenic collapse:Insight from Tibet.Geology,36(1):7~10.
Lie J S,Li Y,Xie F R,et al.2014.Pn anisotropic tomography and dynamic sunder eastern Tibetan Plateau J.Geophys.Res.,119(3):2174~2198.
Klemperer S L.2006.Crustal flow in eastern Tibet:geophysical evidence for the physical state of Tibertan lithosphere and inferred patterns of active flow.London:Geological Society Special Pub..268(1):39~70.
Law R D,Searle P,Godin L.2006.Channel flow,ductile extrusion and exhumation in continental collision zones.Geological Society,London,Special Pub.,266~268.
Meissner R and Mooney W.1998.Weakness of the lower continental crust:a condition for motions.AGU Monograph.121.
Royden L H,Clark B,King R W,et al.1997.Surface deformation and lower crustal flow in eastern Tibet.Science,276(5313):788~790.
Schoenbohm L M,Burchfiel B C,Chen L.2006.Propagation of surface uplift,lower crustal flow,and Cenozoic tectonics of the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Geology,34(10):813~816.
Unsworth M,Jones A J,Wei W,et al.2005.Crustal rheology of the Himalaya and Southern Tibet inferred from magnetotelluric data.Nature,4383,doi:10:78~81.
Teng Jiwen,Zhang Zhongjie,Bei Wuming,et al.2004#.Physics of Lithosphere.Beijing:Science Press.
Wang Chunyong,Wu Jianping,Lou Hai,et al.2006&.Study of crust al and upper mantle’s structure and mantle deformation field beneath the eastern Tibetan Plateau.Earth Science Frontiers,13(5):349~359.
Wang Jiyang.2015&.Geothermics and Its Applications.Beijing:Science Press.
Wan Yongge.2015&.A grid search method for determination of tectonic stress tensor using qualitative and quantitative data of active faults and its application to the Urumqi area.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,58(9):3114~3156.
Wan Yongge,Sheng S Z,Li X,et al.2015&.Stress influence of the2015 Nepal earthquake sequence on Chinese mainland.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,58(11):4277~4286.
Xu Q,Ding L,Hetzel R,Yue Y,Rades E F.2015.Low elevation of the northern Lhasa terrane in the Eocene:Implications for relief development in south Tibet.Terra Nova,27:458~466.
Xu Y,Liu J S,Huang Z X,et al.,2014&.Upper mantle velocity structure and dynamic features of the Tibetan Plateau.Chinese J.Geophys.,57(12):4085~4096.
Xu Zhiqin,Yang J.Li H,et al.2011&.Tectonics of India-Asia collision.Acta Geologica Sinica.85(1):1~33.
Yang Wencai,Shi Zhiqun,Hou Zunze,Cheng Zhenyan.2001&.Discrete wavelet transform for multiple decomposition of gravity anomalies.Chinese J.Geophys.,45(4):467~476.
Yang Wencai and Yu Changqing.2014&.Continental collision process reveled by worldwide comparison of crust and upper mantle structures(I).Geological Review,60(2),237~259.
Yang Wencai.2014&.Continental extension and rifting reveled by worldwide comparison of crust and upper mantle structures.Geological Review,60(5):945~961.
Yang Wencai,Yu Changqing,Sun Yanyun,Hou Zunze.2015a&.The multi-scale scratch analysis method for quantitative interpretation of regional gravity field.Chinese J.Geophys.,58(2):Vol.58(1),:41-53.
Yang Wencai,Hou Zunze,Yu Changqing.2015b&.The three dimensional density structures of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and crustal mass movement,Chinese J.Geophys.,58(11):4223~4234.
Yang Wencai,Hou Zunze,Yu Changqing.2015c&.The crustal 3Ddensity structure of West Yunnan and its tectonic implications.Chinese J.Geophys.,58(11):3902~3916.
Yang Wencai,Sun Yanyun.2016.Discovering crustal deformation bands by processing regional gravity field.Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),90(1):66~74.
Yang Wencai,Chen Zhaoxi,Hou Zunze.2016.Three dimensional crustal density structure of Central Asia and its geological implications.Acta Geophysica,vol.64;DOI:1515/acgeo-2015-0056.
Yang Wencai.2016a&.Raise the Curtain on Formation and Evolution of Nanling Mountains.Geological Review,62(2):257~266.
Yang Wencai.2016b&.Prediction for Distribution of the Deep Buried Sedimentary Basins and Potential Reservoirs in China.Geological Review,62(4):793~794.
Yang Wencai,Qu Chen,Hou Zunze,et al.2017&.Crustal density structures beneath orogenic belts of Chinese continent.Geological Review,63(3):539~548.
Yang Wencai,Hou Zunze,Xu Yixian,et al.2017&.A study on thermal deformation and lower crust channel flows in Qinghai-Xizang(Tibetan)plateau.Geological Review,63(5):1141~1152.
Yang Wencai.2018&.Crustal density Imaging of Yangtze craton and formation of the Yanshanian granitites in South China.Geological Review,65(5):1045~1054.
Yang Wencai,Qu Chen,Ren Haoran,Huang Lianjie,Yu Changqing.2019&.Crustal P-wave Seismic tomography of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Geological Review,65(1):2~14.
Zhang Peizhen,Shen Zhengkang,Wang Min,et al.2004&.Kinematics of present day tectonic deformation of the Tibetan Plateau and its vicinities.Seismology and Geology,26(3):367~377.
Zhang Z,Chen Y,Yuan X,et al.2013.Normal faulting from simple shear rifting in South Tibet,usingevidence from passive seismic profiling across the Yadong-Gulu Rift.Tectonophysics;doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2013.03.019.
丁林,钟大赉.2013.印度与欧亚板块碰撞以来东喜马拉雅构造结的演化.地质科学,48(2):317~333.
邓起东.2007.中国活动构造图.北京:地震出版社.
邓起东,程绍平,马冀,等.2014.青藏高原地震活动特征及当前地震活动形势.地球物理学报,57(7):2025~2042.
侯遵泽,杨文采.1997.中国重力异常的小波变换与多尺度分析.地球物理学报,40(1):85~95.
侯遵泽,杨文采,刘家琦.1998.中国大陆地壳密度差异多尺度反演.地球物理学报,41(6):642~651.
侯遵泽,杨文采.2011.塔里木盆地多尺度重力场反演与密度结构.中国科学(D辑),41(1):29~39.
侯遵泽,杨文采,于长青.2014.华北克拉通地壳三维密度结构与地质含义.地球物理学报,57(7):2334~2343.
侯遵泽,杨文采,王允,李春华.2015.重力场实数尺度小波分解及其应用.地球物理学报,58(3):1035~1041.
滕吉文,张中杰,白武明,等,2004.岩石圈物理学.北京:科学出版社.
汪集旸.2015.地热学及其应用.北京:科学出版社.
王椿镛,吴建平,楼海,等.2006.青藏高原东部壳幔速度结构和地幔变形场的研究.地学前缘,13(5):349~359.
万永革.2015.联合采用定性和定量断层资料的应力张量反演方法及在乌鲁木齐地区的应用.地球物理学报,58(9):3114~3156.
万永革,盛书中,李祥,等.2015.2015年尼泊尔强震序列对中国大陆的应力影响.地球物理学报,58(11):4277~4286.
胥颐,刘劲松,黄忠贤,等.2014.青藏高原上地幔速度结构及其动力学性质.地球物理学报,57(12):4085~4096.
许志琴,杨经绥,李海兵,等.2011.印度-亚洲碰撞大地构造.地质学报,85(1):1~33.
杨文采,施志群,侯遵泽,程振炎.2001.离散小波变换与重力异常多重分解.地球物理学报,44(4):534~541.
杨文采.2014.从地壳上地幔构造看大陆岩石圈伸展与裂解.地质论评,60(5):945~961.
杨文采,于常青.2014.从地壳上地幔构造看大陆碰撞作用(上).地质论评,60(2):237~259.
杨文采,侯遵泽,孙艳云,等.2015a.用于区域重力场定量解释的多尺度刻痕分析方法.地球物理学报,58(2):520~531.
杨文采,侯遵泽,于常青.2015b.青藏高原地壳的三维密度结构和物质运动.地球物理学报,58(11):4223~4234
杨文采,侯遵泽,于常青.2015c,滇西地壳三维密度结构及其大地构造含义.地球物理学报,2015,58(11):3902~3916.
杨文采,孙艳云,于常青.2015d.青藏高原地壳密度变形带及构造分区.地球物理学报,58(11):4115~4128
杨文采.2016a.揭开南岭地壳形成演化之谜.地质论评,62(2):257~266.
杨文采.2016b.中国深埋沉积盆地和潜在储层分布的预测.地质论评,62(4):793~794.
杨文采,瞿辰,侯遵泽.2017a.中国大陆造山带地壳密度结构特征.地质论评,63(3):539~548.
杨文采,侯遵泽,徐义贤,颜萍.2017b.青藏高原下地壳热变形和管道流研究.地质论评,63(5):1141~1152.
杨文采.2018.扬子区地壳密度扰动成像和华南燕山期花岗岩成因.地质论评,64(5):1045~1054.
杨文采,邱隆君,于常青,等.2018.塔里木盆地西南部的三维密度扰动成像.地质论评,64(1):1~10.
杨文采,瞿辰,任浩然,等.2019.青藏高原地壳地震纵波速度扰动的层析成像.地质论评,65(1):2~15.
张培震,沈正康,王敏,等.2004.青藏高原及周边现今构造变形的运动学.地震地质,26(3):367~377.
Avouac J P,Meng L S,Wei S J,et al.2015.Lowered geoflocked main Himalayan Thrust unzipped by the 2015 Gorkha earthquake.Nature Geoscience,8(9):708~711.
Cao J L,Shi Y L,Zhang H,et al.,2009&.Numerical simulation of GPS observed clockwise rotation around the Tibetan Plateau.Chinese Science Bulletin,54(8):1398~1410.
Clark M K,Royden L H.2000.Topographic ooze:eastern margin of Tibet by lower crustal flow.Geology,28(8):703~706.
Deng Qidong.2007#.Active Structures in China.Beijing:Seismology Press.
Deng Qidong,Cheng Shaoping,Ma Jin,et al.2014&.Seismic activities and earthquake potential in the Tibetan Plateau.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,57(7):2025~2042.
Ding Lin,Zhong Dalai,2013&.The tectonic evolution of the eastern Himalaya sytaxis since the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates.Chinese Journal of Geology,48(2):317~333.
Elliott J R,Jolivet R,Gonzales P J,et al.2016.Himalayan megathrust geometry and relation to topography revealed by the Gorkha earthquake.Nature Geoscience,9(2):174~180.
Flesch L M,Haines A J,Holt W E.2001.Dynamics of the IndiaEurasia collision zone.J.Geophys.Res.,106(B8):16435~16460.
Grujic D.2006.Channel flow and continental collision tectonics:an overview.Geol.Soc.London,268:25~37
Harris N.2007.Channel flow and the Himalayanp-Tibetan orogen:a critical review.Geol.Soc.London,164:511~523
Hou Zunze,Yang Wencai.1997&.Multi-scale wavelet analysis of Chinese gravity anomalies.Chinese J.Geophys.,40(1):85~95.
Hou Zunze,Yang Wencai,Liu Jiaqi.1998&.Multi-scale density inversion of the crust of Chinese Continent.Chinese J.Geophys.,41(6):642~651.
Hou Zunze,Yang Wencai.2011&.Multi-scale inversion of density structure from gravity anomalies in Tarim Basin.Sci.in China(Ser.D),54(3):399~409.
Hou Zunze,Yang Wencai,Yu Changqing.2014&.Three dimensional density structures of the Huabei craton and implications.Chinese J.Geophys.,57(7):2334~2343.
Hou Zunze,Yang Wencai,Wang Yun,Li Chunhua.2015&.The Production and application of irrational scale wavelet details for gravity field.Chinese J.Geophys.,58(3):1035~1041.
Hubbard J,Almeida R,Foster A,2016.Structural segmentation controlled the 2015 Gorkha earthquake rupture in Nepal.Geology,44(8):639~642.
James D E.1989.Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics.New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold Com.
Jolivet L and Hataf H-C.2001.Geodynamics.Lisse:A.A.Balkema Pub.
Kapp P,Taylor M,Stockli D,et al.2008.Development of active low angle normal fault systems during orogenic collapse:Insight from Tibet.Geology,36(1):7~10.
Lie J S,Li Y,Xie F R,et al.2014.Pn anisotropic tomography and dynamic sunder eastern Tibetan Plateau J.Geophys.Res.,119(3):2174~2198.
Klemperer S L.2006.Crustal flow in eastern Tibet:geophysical evidence for the physical state of Tibertan lithosphere and inferred patterns of active flow.London:Geological Society Special Pub..268(1):39~70.
Law R D,Searle P,Godin L.2006.Channel flow,ductile extrusion and exhumation in continental collision zones.Geological Society,London,Special Pub.,266~268.
Meissner R and Mooney W.1998.Weakness of the lower continental crust:a condition for motions.AGU Monograph.121.
Royden L H,Clark B,King R W,et al.1997.Surface deformation and lower crustal flow in eastern Tibet.Science,276(5313):788~790.
Schoenbohm L M,Burchfiel B C,Chen L.2006.Propagation of surface uplift,lower crustal flow,and Cenozoic tectonics of the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Geology,34(10):813~816.
Unsworth M,Jones A J,Wei W,et al.2005.Crustal rheology of the Himalaya and Southern Tibet inferred from magnetotelluric data.Nature,4383,doi:10:78~81.
Teng Jiwen,Zhang Zhongjie,Bei Wuming,et al.2004#.Physics of Lithosphere.Beijing:Science Press.
Wang Chunyong,Wu Jianping,Lou Hai,et al.2006&.Study of crust al and upper mantle’s structure and mantle deformation field beneath the eastern Tibetan Plateau.Earth Science Frontiers,13(5):349~359.
Wang Jiyang.2015&.Geothermics and Its Applications.Beijing:Science Press.
Wan Yongge.2015&.A grid search method for determination of tectonic stress tensor using qualitative and quantitative data of active faults and its application to the Urumqi area.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,58(9):3114~3156.
Wan Yongge,Sheng S Z,Li X,et al.2015&.Stress influence of the2015 Nepal earthquake sequence on Chinese mainland.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,58(11):4277~4286.
Xu Q,Ding L,Hetzel R,Yue Y,Rades E F.2015.Low elevation of the northern Lhasa terrane in the Eocene:Implications for relief development in south Tibet.Terra Nova,27:458~466.
Xu Y,Liu J S,Huang Z X,et al.,2014&.Upper mantle velocity structure and dynamic features of the Tibetan Plateau.Chinese J.Geophys.,57(12):4085~4096.
Xu Zhiqin,Yang J.Li H,et al.2011&.Tectonics of India-Asia collision.Acta Geologica Sinica.85(1):1~33.
Yang Wencai,Shi Zhiqun,Hou Zunze,Cheng Zhenyan.2001&.Discrete wavelet transform for multiple decomposition of gravity anomalies.Chinese J.Geophys.,45(4):467~476.
Yang Wencai and Yu Changqing.2014&.Continental collision process reveled by worldwide comparison of crust and upper mantle structures(I).Geological Review,60(2),237~259.
Yang Wencai.2014&.Continental extension and rifting reveled by worldwide comparison of crust and upper mantle structures.Geological Review,60(5):945~961.
Yang Wencai,Yu Changqing,Sun Yanyun,Hou Zunze.2015a&.The multi-scale scratch analysis method for quantitative interpretation of regional gravity field.Chinese J.Geophys.,58(2):Vol.58(1),:41-53.
Yang Wencai,Hou Zunze,Yu Changqing.2015b&.The three dimensional density structures of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and crustal mass movement,Chinese J.Geophys.,58(11):4223~4234.
Yang Wencai,Hou Zunze,Yu Changqing.2015c&.The crustal 3Ddensity structure of West Yunnan and its tectonic implications.Chinese J.Geophys.,58(11):3902~3916.
Yang Wencai,Sun Yanyun.2016.Discovering crustal deformation bands by processing regional gravity field.Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),90(1):66~74.
Yang Wencai,Chen Zhaoxi,Hou Zunze.2016.Three dimensional crustal density structure of Central Asia and its geological implications.Acta Geophysica,vol.64;DOI:1515/acgeo-2015-0056.
Yang Wencai.2016a&.Raise the Curtain on Formation and Evolution of Nanling Mountains.Geological Review,62(2):257~266.
Yang Wencai.2016b&.Prediction for Distribution of the Deep Buried Sedimentary Basins and Potential Reservoirs in China.Geological Review,62(4):793~794.
Yang Wencai,Qu Chen,Hou Zunze,et al.2017&.Crustal density structures beneath orogenic belts of Chinese continent.Geological Review,63(3):539~548.
Yang Wencai,Hou Zunze,Xu Yixian,et al.2017&.A study on thermal deformation and lower crust channel flows in Qinghai-Xizang(Tibetan)plateau.Geological Review,63(5):1141~1152.
Yang Wencai.2018&.Crustal density Imaging of Yangtze craton and formation of the Yanshanian granitites in South China.Geological Review,65(5):1045~1054.
Yang Wencai,Qu Chen,Ren Haoran,Huang Lianjie,Yu Changqing.2019&.Crustal P-wave Seismic tomography of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Geological Review,65(1):2~14.
Zhang Peizhen,Shen Zhengkang,Wang Min,et al.2004&.Kinematics of present day tectonic deformation of the Tibetan Plateau and its vicinities.Seismology and Geology,26(3):367~377.
Zhang Z,Chen Y,Yuan X,et al.2013.Normal faulting from simple shear rifting in South Tibet,usingevidence from passive seismic profiling across the Yadong-Gulu Rift.Tectonophysics;doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2013.03.019.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |