不同水盐胁迫对番茄生长发育和产量的影响研究
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摘要
【目的】探究番茄植株对不同水盐胁迫情景的响应,为合理制定盐碱化土壤下的灌溉制度提供科学依据。【方法】以粉欧宝番茄品种为研究对象,开展水盐对番茄生长发育影响的盆栽试验。试验采用完全随机布置,设置3个水分水平(W1-充分灌溉、W2-1/2的W1灌水量、W3-干旱复水)和2个盐分水平(S1-无盐和S2-0.3%含盐量),每个处理4个重复,测定了番茄耗水、干物质和产量指标,分析了不同水盐胁迫对番茄植株生长发育与产量的影响。【结果】与充分灌溉W1相比,W2水平的番茄植株耗水、干物质、植株含水率、叶质量、产量、单果质量显著减少。W3水平的植株耗水量和叶茎比显著减少,但单株干质量与鲜干比所受影响不大;单果鲜质量与干质量显著减小,但坐果率提高导致产量有所增加。盐分处理的番茄植株耗水量、单株干质量、鲜干比、叶茎比、果实总产量、单果鲜质量与干质量均小于无盐处理。水分胁迫显著影响叶片生长和单个果实发育,盐分胁迫抑制植株的生长发育及产量形成。【结论】干旱复水与无盐处理组合(W3S1)下番茄植株表现出了较好的生长发育状况和产量水平,可用于最优调亏灌溉制度的制定。
【Objective】Soil salinity and water stress are common abiotic stress affecting crop growth, and this paper examined the response of growth and yield of tomato to soil salinity.【Method】The experiments were conducted in pots and considered three water treatments: sufficient irrigation to keep soil water at the field capacity(M1), irrigating with 1/2 of water used in M1(M2), re-watering to the field capacity after drought(M3); and two salinity treatments: free of salinity(S1) and salinity stress with 0.3% salt content(S2); each treatment had four replicas. In each treatment, we measured the dry matter and yield of the tomato.【Result】Compared with W1,W2 significantly reduced the water use efficiency, dry matter, water content in plant, leaf weight, yield, and fruit weight. W3 reduced water consumption and the leaf to stem ratio but increased fruit set rate, with no effect on dry weight to fresh-dried weight ratio. Salinity stress reduced water use efficiency, plant dry weight, fresh-dry matter ratio, leaf-stem ratio, total fruit yield, fresh and dry weight. Water stress significantly inhibited leaf growth and fruit development, and salt stress reduced plant growth and yield formation.【Conclusion】Re-watering after drought without salinity benefited crop growth and could be used as an optimal deficit irrigation method.
【Objective】Soil salinity and water stress are common abiotic stress affecting crop growth, and this paper examined the response of growth and yield of tomato to soil salinity.【Method】The experiments were conducted in pots and considered three water treatments: sufficient irrigation to keep soil water at the field capacity(M1), irrigating with 1/2 of water used in M1(M2), re-watering to the field capacity after drought(M3); and two salinity treatments: free of salinity(S1) and salinity stress with 0.3% salt content(S2); each treatment had four replicas. In each treatment, we measured the dry matter and yield of the tomato.【Result】Compared with W1,W2 significantly reduced the water use efficiency, dry matter, water content in plant, leaf weight, yield, and fruit weight. W3 reduced water consumption and the leaf to stem ratio but increased fruit set rate, with no effect on dry weight to fresh-dried weight ratio. Salinity stress reduced water use efficiency, plant dry weight, fresh-dry matter ratio, leaf-stem ratio, total fruit yield, fresh and dry weight. Water stress significantly inhibited leaf growth and fruit development, and salt stress reduced plant growth and yield formation.【Conclusion】Re-watering after drought without salinity benefited crop growth and could be used as an optimal deficit irrigation method.
引文
[1]王宁.不同玉米品种苗期对盐胁迫的生物学响应及耐性机制研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2009.
[2] MELONI D A, OLIVA M A, MARTINEZ C A, et al. Photosynthesis and activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase in cotton under salt stress[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2003, 49(1):69-76.
[3]徐飞,郭卫华,徐伟红,等.刺槐幼苗形态、生物量分配和光合特性对水分胁迫的响应[J].北京林业大学学报,2010,32(1):24-30.
[4]刘浩.温室番茄需水规律与优质高效灌溉指标研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[5]王家源.苦楝种苗耐盐胁迫的生理响应机制研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2013.
[6]董梅.柴达木地区主要树种抗旱耐盐生理研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
[7]罗成科,肖国举,张峰举,等.不同浓度复合盐胁迫对水稻产量和品质的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(1):137-141.
[8]孟祥浩,刘义国,张玉梅,等.盐胁迫对不同耐盐类型小麦花后光合特性及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(24):46-52.
[9] GOLDHAMER D A. Regulated deficit irrigation for California canning olives[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 1999,(474):369-372.
[10] GIRONA J, MATA M, ARBONES A, et al. Peach tree response to single and combined regulated deficit irrigation regimes under shallow soils[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 2003, 128(3):432-440.
[11] ROMERO P, BOTIA P, GARCIA F. Effects of regulated deficit irrigation under subsurface drip irrigation conditions on water relations of mature almond trees[J]. Plant&Soil, 2004, 260(1/2):155-168.
[12]刘素华,彭延,彭小峰,等.调亏灌溉与合理密植对旱区棉花生长发育及产量与品质的影响[J].棉花学报,2016,28(2):184-188.
[13] HARMANTO, SALOKHE V M, BABEL M S, et al. Water requirement of drip irrigated tomatoes grown in greenhouse in tropical environment[J].Agricultural Water Management, 2005, 71(3):225-242.
[14]刘浩,段爱旺,孙景生,等.温室滴灌条件下土壤水分亏缺对番茄产量及其形成过程的影响[J].应用生态学报. 2009,20(11):2 699-2 704.
[15]张得芳,樊光辉,马玉林.柴达木盆地盐碱土壤类型及其盐离子相关性研究[J].青海农林科技,2016(3):1-6.
[16]李松阳,王晓丽,王彦龙,等.柴达木盆地盐碱地土壤离子特征及养分分析[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2017,47(6):36-40.
[17]张玉书,米娜,陈鹏狮,等.土壤水分胁迫对玉米生长发育的影响研究[J].中国农学通报. 2012,28(3):1-7.
[18] ANNE-MAREE B, MITCHELL P D, JERIE P H, et al. The effects of regulated deficit irrigation on tree water use and growth of peach[J]. Journal of Horticultural Science, 1993, 68(2):261-264.
[19]闫曼曼,郑剑超,张巨松,等.调亏灌溉对海岛棉生物量和氮素累积分配及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(7):841-850.
[20]彭斌,许伟,邵荣,等.不同生境种源盐地碱蓬幼苗生长发育对盐分胁迫的响应和适应[J].草业学报,2016,25(4):81-90.
[21]冯棣,张俊鹏,孙池涛,等.不同生育阶段盐分胁迫对棉花生长和水分生理指标的影响[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(5):1 195-1 199.
[22]杨帆,邓伟,杨建锋,等.土壤含水量和电导率对芦苇生长和种群分布的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(4):199-201.
[23]雷艳,张富仓,寇雯萍,等.不同生育期水分亏缺和施氮对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(5):167-174,180.
[24]时学双,李法虎,闫宝莹.不同生育期水分亏缺对春青稞水分利用和产量的影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(10):144-151.
[25] CHALMERS D J, ENDE B V D. Productivity of Peach Trees:Factors affecting dry-weight distribution during tree growth[J]. Annals of Botany,1975, 39(161):423-432.
[26] RAWSON H M, TURNER N C. Irrigation timing and relationship between leaf area and yield in sunflowers[J]. Irrigation Science, 1983,4(3):167-175.
[27]孟兆江.调亏灌溉对作物产量形成和品质性状及水分利用效率的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.
[28]郑建华.西北内陆旱区经济作物节水响应机理及灌溉制度优化模拟研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[29]樊怀福,杜长霞,朱祝军.调节营养液电导率对卡罗番茄果实品质和产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(4):102-105,193.
[30]厉广辉.花生抗旱性状鉴定及不同品种抗旱的生理机制研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[31] VOLKMAR K M, HU Y, STEPPUHN H. Physiological responses of plants to salinity:a review[J]. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 1998,78(1):19-27.
[32] PHAM D, CHARMANTIER G, BOULO V, et al. Ontogeny of osmoregulation in the Pacific blue shrimp, Litopenaeus stylirostris(Decapoda, Penaei dae):Deciphering the role of the Na+/K+-ATPase[J]. Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part B Biochemistry&Molecular Biology, 2016,(196/197):27-37.
[33]朱金方,陆兆华,夏江宝,等.盐旱交叉胁迫对柽柳幼苗渗透调节物质含量的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(2):357-363.
[34]杜伟莉,高杰,胡富亮,等.玉米叶片光合作用和渗透调节对干旱胁迫的响应[J].作物学报,2013,39(3):530-536.
[35]韩国君,陈年来,李金霞,等.番茄叶片气孔导度及渗透调节物质对快速水分胁迫的响应[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(9):1 100-1 106.
[36]张毅.亚精胺对番茄幼苗盐碱胁迫的缓解效应及其调控机理[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[2] MELONI D A, OLIVA M A, MARTINEZ C A, et al. Photosynthesis and activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase in cotton under salt stress[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2003, 49(1):69-76.
[3]徐飞,郭卫华,徐伟红,等.刺槐幼苗形态、生物量分配和光合特性对水分胁迫的响应[J].北京林业大学学报,2010,32(1):24-30.
[4]刘浩.温室番茄需水规律与优质高效灌溉指标研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[5]王家源.苦楝种苗耐盐胁迫的生理响应机制研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2013.
[6]董梅.柴达木地区主要树种抗旱耐盐生理研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
[7]罗成科,肖国举,张峰举,等.不同浓度复合盐胁迫对水稻产量和品质的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(1):137-141.
[8]孟祥浩,刘义国,张玉梅,等.盐胁迫对不同耐盐类型小麦花后光合特性及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(24):46-52.
[9] GOLDHAMER D A. Regulated deficit irrigation for California canning olives[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 1999,(474):369-372.
[10] GIRONA J, MATA M, ARBONES A, et al. Peach tree response to single and combined regulated deficit irrigation regimes under shallow soils[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 2003, 128(3):432-440.
[11] ROMERO P, BOTIA P, GARCIA F. Effects of regulated deficit irrigation under subsurface drip irrigation conditions on water relations of mature almond trees[J]. Plant&Soil, 2004, 260(1/2):155-168.
[12]刘素华,彭延,彭小峰,等.调亏灌溉与合理密植对旱区棉花生长发育及产量与品质的影响[J].棉花学报,2016,28(2):184-188.
[13] HARMANTO, SALOKHE V M, BABEL M S, et al. Water requirement of drip irrigated tomatoes grown in greenhouse in tropical environment[J].Agricultural Water Management, 2005, 71(3):225-242.
[14]刘浩,段爱旺,孙景生,等.温室滴灌条件下土壤水分亏缺对番茄产量及其形成过程的影响[J].应用生态学报. 2009,20(11):2 699-2 704.
[15]张得芳,樊光辉,马玉林.柴达木盆地盐碱土壤类型及其盐离子相关性研究[J].青海农林科技,2016(3):1-6.
[16]李松阳,王晓丽,王彦龙,等.柴达木盆地盐碱地土壤离子特征及养分分析[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2017,47(6):36-40.
[17]张玉书,米娜,陈鹏狮,等.土壤水分胁迫对玉米生长发育的影响研究[J].中国农学通报. 2012,28(3):1-7.
[18] ANNE-MAREE B, MITCHELL P D, JERIE P H, et al. The effects of regulated deficit irrigation on tree water use and growth of peach[J]. Journal of Horticultural Science, 1993, 68(2):261-264.
[19]闫曼曼,郑剑超,张巨松,等.调亏灌溉对海岛棉生物量和氮素累积分配及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(7):841-850.
[20]彭斌,许伟,邵荣,等.不同生境种源盐地碱蓬幼苗生长发育对盐分胁迫的响应和适应[J].草业学报,2016,25(4):81-90.
[21]冯棣,张俊鹏,孙池涛,等.不同生育阶段盐分胁迫对棉花生长和水分生理指标的影响[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(5):1 195-1 199.
[22]杨帆,邓伟,杨建锋,等.土壤含水量和电导率对芦苇生长和种群分布的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(4):199-201.
[23]雷艳,张富仓,寇雯萍,等.不同生育期水分亏缺和施氮对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(5):167-174,180.
[24]时学双,李法虎,闫宝莹.不同生育期水分亏缺对春青稞水分利用和产量的影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(10):144-151.
[25] CHALMERS D J, ENDE B V D. Productivity of Peach Trees:Factors affecting dry-weight distribution during tree growth[J]. Annals of Botany,1975, 39(161):423-432.
[26] RAWSON H M, TURNER N C. Irrigation timing and relationship between leaf area and yield in sunflowers[J]. Irrigation Science, 1983,4(3):167-175.
[27]孟兆江.调亏灌溉对作物产量形成和品质性状及水分利用效率的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.
[28]郑建华.西北内陆旱区经济作物节水响应机理及灌溉制度优化模拟研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[29]樊怀福,杜长霞,朱祝军.调节营养液电导率对卡罗番茄果实品质和产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(4):102-105,193.
[30]厉广辉.花生抗旱性状鉴定及不同品种抗旱的生理机制研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[31] VOLKMAR K M, HU Y, STEPPUHN H. Physiological responses of plants to salinity:a review[J]. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 1998,78(1):19-27.
[32] PHAM D, CHARMANTIER G, BOULO V, et al. Ontogeny of osmoregulation in the Pacific blue shrimp, Litopenaeus stylirostris(Decapoda, Penaei dae):Deciphering the role of the Na+/K+-ATPase[J]. Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part B Biochemistry&Molecular Biology, 2016,(196/197):27-37.
[33]朱金方,陆兆华,夏江宝,等.盐旱交叉胁迫对柽柳幼苗渗透调节物质含量的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(2):357-363.
[34]杜伟莉,高杰,胡富亮,等.玉米叶片光合作用和渗透调节对干旱胁迫的响应[J].作物学报,2013,39(3):530-536.
[35]韩国君,陈年来,李金霞,等.番茄叶片气孔导度及渗透调节物质对快速水分胁迫的响应[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(9):1 100-1 106.
[36]张毅.亚精胺对番茄幼苗盐碱胁迫的缓解效应及其调控机理[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
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