乌鲁木齐市冬春两季宠物源葡萄球菌的耐药性及耐药基因比较
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摘要
采用琼脂稀释法,检测从乌鲁木齐市部分宠物医院冬季和春季分离鉴定的154株宠物源葡萄球菌(冬季75株、春季79株)对临床常用的12种抗菌药物(阿米卡星、克林霉素、硫酸庆大霉素、氟苯尼考、四环素、利福平、恩诺沙星、青霉素、苯唑西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢噻呋、左氧氟沙星)的耐药性;通过卡方检验,比较供试菌耐药性差异;采用PCR方法,检测葡萄球菌的5类9种耐药基因。对抗菌药物的耐药结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌对苯唑西林和青霉素的耐药率高于90.0%,对头孢噻呋和四环素的耐药率高于50.0%;春季葡萄球菌对左氧氟沙星耐药率达92.4%,对苯唑西林和氟苯尼考耐药率高于80.0%。卡方检验结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌仅对苯唑西林的耐药率显著高于春季葡萄球菌(P<0.05);春季葡萄球菌对氟苯尼考、利福平、左氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星和阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率均显著高于冬季葡萄球菌(P<0.05)。多药耐药差异性结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌多药耐药集中在1～3耐;春季葡萄球菌多药耐药集中在4、6、9耐。基因检测结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌主要检出的基因有ermB(40.0%,30/75)和fexA(22.7%,17/75);春季葡萄球菌主要检出的基因有fexA(39.3%,31/79)和femA(20.3%,16/79),冬、春季葡萄球菌均未检出cfr、fexB和tetA基因。
The 154 pet-derived Staphylococcus(75 strains collected in winter and 79 strains in spring) isolated from pet hospitals in Urumqi were identified by agar dilution method to have 12 antimicrobial resistance(amikacin,clindamycin,gentamicin sulfate,florfenicol,tetracycline,rifampicin,enrofloxacin,penicillin,oxacillin,amoxicillin/clavulanic acid,ceftiofur,levofloxacin).The results showed that the resistance rates of winter pet source to oxacillin and penicillin were higher than 90.0%,the resistance rate to ceftiofur and tetracycline were higher than 50.0%.The resistance rates of levofloxacin in those collected from spring pets was up to 92.4%,the resistance rates to ceftiofur and tetracycline were above 80.0%.The chi square test results showed that resistance rate of Staphylococcus to oxacillin from winter pets was significantly higher than that from spring pet source(P<0.05).The resistance rates of Staphylococcus to florfenicol,rifampicin,levofloxacin,enrofloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid from spring pet source were significantly higher than that from winter pet source(P<0.05).The multidrug resistance results of winter pet source Staphylococcus was concentrated in 1-3,the multidrug resistance results of spring pet source Staphylococcus was concentrated in 4 resistant,6 resistant and 9 resistant.The gene detection results showed that the main genes of winter pet source Staphylococcus were ermB(40.0%,30/75) and fexA(22.7%,17/75).The main detection genes of spring pet source Staphylococcus were fexA(39.3%,31/79) and femA(20.3%,16/79),cfr,fexB and tetA genes weren't detected.
The 154 pet-derived Staphylococcus(75 strains collected in winter and 79 strains in spring) isolated from pet hospitals in Urumqi were identified by agar dilution method to have 12 antimicrobial resistance(amikacin,clindamycin,gentamicin sulfate,florfenicol,tetracycline,rifampicin,enrofloxacin,penicillin,oxacillin,amoxicillin/clavulanic acid,ceftiofur,levofloxacin).The results showed that the resistance rates of winter pet source to oxacillin and penicillin were higher than 90.0%,the resistance rate to ceftiofur and tetracycline were higher than 50.0%.The resistance rates of levofloxacin in those collected from spring pets was up to 92.4%,the resistance rates to ceftiofur and tetracycline were above 80.0%.The chi square test results showed that resistance rate of Staphylococcus to oxacillin from winter pets was significantly higher than that from spring pet source(P<0.05).The resistance rates of Staphylococcus to florfenicol,rifampicin,levofloxacin,enrofloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid from spring pet source were significantly higher than that from winter pet source(P<0.05).The multidrug resistance results of winter pet source Staphylococcus was concentrated in 1-3,the multidrug resistance results of spring pet source Staphylococcus was concentrated in 4 resistant,6 resistant and 9 resistant.The gene detection results showed that the main genes of winter pet source Staphylococcus were ermB(40.0%,30/75) and fexA(22.7%,17/75).The main detection genes of spring pet source Staphylococcus were fexA(39.3%,31/79) and femA(20.3%,16/79),cfr,fexB and tetA genes weren't detected.
引文
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[2]王雅丼,李军朝,宦晨吉,等.5株中间型葡萄球菌的鉴定及耐药性分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016(4):100-101.
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[7]轩慧勇,郭菲,夏利宁,等.新疆乌鲁木齐市宠物源葡萄球菌耐药性及其相兲耐药基因的检测[J].中国农业大学学报,2018,23(6):85-91.
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[9]蔡建星.新疆猪源葡萄球菌cfr和fex A基因及其遗传元件的检测分析[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2017.
[10]杜伟伟.河北省乳源金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性检测及耐药基因的研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2015.
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[15]周传铎,赵然,金艺鹏,等.北京地区警犬皮肤伪中间型葡萄球菌药敏试验及耐药基因筛查[J].中国兽医杂志,2016,52(11):100-103.
[16]刘琪.中国东北地区奶牛源葡萄球菌耐药现状调查及用药指导[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2014.
[17]俞娟,戴璐.耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌SCCmec基因分型及耐药性分析[J].中国病原生物学杂志,2017,12(11):1066-1069.
[18]NIENHOFF U,KADLEC K,CHABERNY I F,et al.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius among dogs admitted to a small animal hospital[J].Veterinary Microbiology,2011,150(1/2):191-197.
[19]ZHANG W J,HAO Z H,WANG Y,et al.Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from pet animals and veterinary staff in China[J].Veterinary Microbiology,2011,190(2):e125-e129.
[20]董志民,张万江,刘琪,等.东北地区奶牛乳房炎表皮葡萄球菌和腐生葡萄球菌的分子流行病学及耐药性研究[J].中国预防兽医学报,2016,38(4):307-311.
[21]李玉娟.包头地区奶牛子宫内膜炎致病葡萄球菌耐药性研究[J].现代农业,2016(9):65-66.
[22]孙洋,冯书章.宠物在病原菌耐药性形成过程中的作用[J].动物医学迚展,2007,28(12):106-109.
[23]NIKAIDO H,PAGèS J M.Broad-specificity efflux pumps and their role in multidrug resistance of gramnegative bacteria[J].FEMS Microbiology Reviews,2012,36(2):340-363.
[24]杨慧君.宁夏地区牛源金黄色葡萄球菌毒力基因检测及耐药性研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2016.
[2]王雅丼,李军朝,宦晨吉,等.5株中间型葡萄球菌的鉴定及耐药性分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016(4):100-101.
[3]徐佳.奶牛乳腺炎葡萄球菌种类、毒力基因及抗性基因与耐药性的调查分析[D].扬州:扬州大学,2016.
[4]LOZANO C,ASPIROZ C,SáENZ Y,et al.Genetic environment and location of the lnu(A)and lnu(B)genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other Staphylococci of animal and human origin[J].Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy,2012,67(12):2804-2808.
[5]韩淑芳,刘一飞,王国艳,等.某奶牛场牛乳源金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定与耐药性调查[J].山西农业科学,2016,44(11):1696-1698,1728.
[6]牛桓彩,舒高林,刘国蓉,等.80株食源性金黄色葡萄球菌药敏结果分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2016,26(15):2259-2261.
[7]轩慧勇,郭菲,夏利宁,等.新疆乌鲁木齐市宠物源葡萄球菌耐药性及其相兲耐药基因的检测[J].中国农业大学学报,2018,23(6):85-91.
[8]M100-S22.Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing;twentieth informational supplement[S].
[9]蔡建星.新疆猪源葡萄球菌cfr和fex A基因及其遗传元件的检测分析[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2017.
[10]杜伟伟.河北省乳源金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性检测及耐药基因的研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2015.
[11]GHANBARI F,GHAJAVAND H,HAVAEI R,et al.Distribution of erm genes among Staphylococcus aureus isolates with inducible resistance to clindamycin in Isfahan,Iran[J].Advanced Biomedical Research,2016,5:62.
[12]王晶,林大川,郭晓木,等.猪源、环境源及密切接触者葡萄球菌多重耐药基因cfr的流行分布[C]//中国药理学会化疗药理专业委员会.第十二届全国化疗药理学术研讨会论文集.成都:中国药理学会化疗药理专业委员会,2014:191-196.
[13]NAWAZ A,RAZZAQ A,IJAZ S,et al.Characterization of antibiotic resistant gene in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from surgical wounds[J].Advancements in Life Sciences,2016,3(3):83-88.
[14]冯言言,田伟,罗倩怡,等.广东省宠物源伪中间型葡萄球菌的耐药性调查研究[J].动物医学迚展,2012,33(6):6-10.
[15]周传铎,赵然,金艺鹏,等.北京地区警犬皮肤伪中间型葡萄球菌药敏试验及耐药基因筛查[J].中国兽医杂志,2016,52(11):100-103.
[16]刘琪.中国东北地区奶牛源葡萄球菌耐药现状调查及用药指导[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2014.
[17]俞娟,戴璐.耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌SCCmec基因分型及耐药性分析[J].中国病原生物学杂志,2017,12(11):1066-1069.
[18]NIENHOFF U,KADLEC K,CHABERNY I F,et al.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius among dogs admitted to a small animal hospital[J].Veterinary Microbiology,2011,150(1/2):191-197.
[19]ZHANG W J,HAO Z H,WANG Y,et al.Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from pet animals and veterinary staff in China[J].Veterinary Microbiology,2011,190(2):e125-e129.
[20]董志民,张万江,刘琪,等.东北地区奶牛乳房炎表皮葡萄球菌和腐生葡萄球菌的分子流行病学及耐药性研究[J].中国预防兽医学报,2016,38(4):307-311.
[21]李玉娟.包头地区奶牛子宫内膜炎致病葡萄球菌耐药性研究[J].现代农业,2016(9):65-66.
[22]孙洋,冯书章.宠物在病原菌耐药性形成过程中的作用[J].动物医学迚展,2007,28(12):106-109.
[23]NIKAIDO H,PAGèS J M.Broad-specificity efflux pumps and their role in multidrug resistance of gramnegative bacteria[J].FEMS Microbiology Reviews,2012,36(2):340-363.
[24]杨慧君.宁夏地区牛源金黄色葡萄球菌毒力基因检测及耐药性研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2016.
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