隧道反射地震超前预报波场分离方法的数值模拟研究
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摘要
本文以有限元数值模拟方法为依托,依次从波场快照、地震记录、波场分离、工程实例等四个角度论证了地震波传播规律和波场分离特点.模拟了单界面介质条件下地震波在隧道围岩中传播的全波波场.研究了反射波时距曲线的线性相关系数.比较了τ-p变换和F-K变换的滤波特点.结合工程实例,讨论了这两类线性波场分离方法在提取隧道前方反射波中的可行性和准确性,研究结果表明:当隧道前方地层倾角由直立变为缓倾时,反射纵波和横波的时距关系都能很好的视为线性.地层倾角的改变主要影响反射波走时和视速度.因此,应用τ-p变换和F-K变换进行波场分离,提取隧道前方单独的反射纵波和横波是可行和有效的.但对于缓倾地层,线性变换波场分离的结果存在较大的走时和视速度误差.易误滤除反射信号,需进行偏移处理.
Based on FEM numerical method,this paper demonstrates the laws of seismic wave propagation and the characteristics of wave field separation from the four perspective which are wave field snapshots, earthquake records, wave field separation and engineering examples. The propagation features of seismic wave fields in the tunnel rock of a single reflector are simulated. The linear approximations of the time-distance relation of reflected waves are analyzed and the features of linear.τ-p and F-K transforms are also discussed. In combination with a engineering case, the feasibility and precision of the transform methods for the wave field separation which extracts the reflected waves from the ahead of tunnel excavation face are also analyzed. The research results show that the time-distance relations of the reflected P-waves and S-waves from the ahead of tunnel face with varying inclination angle can be well approximated with the linear relations because of the short observation layout for the tunnel seismic prediction. The change of the inclination angles of the reflectors mainly affect the arrival time and apparent velocity of the waves. Thus, it is feasible and effective for the separation of the reflected waves from the ahead of tunnel face by means of the linear τ-p and F-K transforms. In the stratum of low inclination angles, The two transform methods will cause the errors of arrival time and apparent velocity, which lead to filter the reflected signal.Therefore,there is needing offset processing.
Based on FEM numerical method,this paper demonstrates the laws of seismic wave propagation and the characteristics of wave field separation from the four perspective which are wave field snapshots, earthquake records, wave field separation and engineering examples. The propagation features of seismic wave fields in the tunnel rock of a single reflector are simulated. The linear approximations of the time-distance relation of reflected waves are analyzed and the features of linear.τ-p and F-K transforms are also discussed. In combination with a engineering case, the feasibility and precision of the transform methods for the wave field separation which extracts the reflected waves from the ahead of tunnel excavation face are also analyzed. The research results show that the time-distance relations of the reflected P-waves and S-waves from the ahead of tunnel face with varying inclination angle can be well approximated with the linear relations because of the short observation layout for the tunnel seismic prediction. The change of the inclination angles of the reflectors mainly affect the arrival time and apparent velocity of the waves. Thus, it is feasible and effective for the separation of the reflected waves from the ahead of tunnel face by means of the linear τ-p and F-K transforms. In the stratum of low inclination angles, The two transform methods will cause the errors of arrival time and apparent velocity, which lead to filter the reflected signal.Therefore,there is needing offset processing.
引文
Anstey N A. 1986. Whatever happened to ground roll[J]. The Leading Edge, 5(3): 40- 45.
Deng Q L. 2013. Derivation of reflection and transmission coefficients of seismic waves in visco elastic media [Master’s thesis]. Changsha: Hunan University.
Duncan G, Beresford G. 1995. Some analyses of 2-D median f-k filters [J]. Geophysics, 60(4): 1157-1168.
Durrani T S, Bisset D. 1984. The Radon transform and its properties [J]. Geophysics, 49(8): 1180-1187.
Han W G, Zhang J H. 2011. Theoretical study on characteristic of weak signal and its identification [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese), 46(2): 232-236.
He Z Q, Li H, Liang Y Z. 2000. Geological super-leading forecast during tunnel construction by utilizing seismic response analysis method [J]. Journal of the Railway Engineering Society (in Chinese), 68(04): 81-85.
Helgason S. 1999. The radon transform [M]. Boston: Birkh?user.
Li S X. 1993. Sampling of radon transform and wavelet [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 36(2): 233-241.
Li Y H, Xu G L, Yang Y Het al. 2005. Application of earthquake refracted wave method to geologyical prediction for tunneling [J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (in Chinese), 27(10): 1180-1184.
Li Y Q, Liu W L. 1997. General N-D radon transform [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 12(04): 59- 66.
Lin Y. 2015. The numerical simulation research of tunnel seismic prediction[Ph. D. thesis]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University.
Liu F Q, Zhang G Q. 1996. Application of wavelet transform and F-K algorithm in filtering [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese), 31(6): 783-791.
Liu X W, Liu H, Li Y M. 2004. High resolution radon transform and its application in seismic signal processing [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 19(1): 8-15, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2004.01.002.
Lu G Y. 2009. Numerical simulation for tunnel geological hazard detection by reflected wave method and rock dynamic classification by F-AHP method research [Ph. D. thesis]. Changsha: Central south University.
Tatham R H, Goolsbee D V. 1981. Separation of S-wave and P-wave reflections offshore western Florida [J]. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 66(2): 445- 453.
Treitel S, Gutowski P R, Wagner D E. 1982. Plane-wave decomposition of seismograms [J]. Geophysics, 47(10): 1375-1401.
Tu G T. 1992. Migration with the cascaded F-K plus pspi method [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 35(6): 762-770.
Wang W H, Pei J Y, Zhang J F. 2007. Prestack seismic data reconstruction using weighted parabolic Radon transform [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 50(3): 851-859, doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2007.03.026.
Wang W H, Shou H, Liu H, et al. 2006. High resolution τ-p transform in linear events wavefield separation [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 21(1): 74-78, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2006.01.012.
Wang Z L. 2012. The numerical simulation research on separation of wave field and inversion method in tunnel seismic prediction [Ph. D. thesis]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University.
Wang Z L, Liu Z P. 2012. The modelling study of τ-p transform applied in the tunnel seismic prediction [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 27(5): 2216-2225, doi: 10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.05.049.
Wang Z L, Liu Z P, Huang Y Y, et al. 2014. Modeling Research of F-K transform applied in the tunnel earthquake prediction [J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics (in Chinese), 34(4): 71-76.
Wu L. 1985. The possibility of application of Radon transform in geophysical exploration [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese), 20(3): 235-241.
Zelt C A. 1999. Modelling strategies and model assessment for wide-angle seismic traveltime data [J]. Geophysical Journal International, 139(1): 183-204.
Zeng S Q.2018.Three-Dimensional numerical simulation study on the seismic advanced prediction[Master’s thesis]. Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University.
Zeng Z H. 1994. Prediction ahead of the tunnel face by the seismic reflection methods [J]. Chinese journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 37(02): 267-271.
Zhao Y G. 2007. Analysis and recommendation of tunnel prediction techniques at home and abroad [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 22(04): 1344-1352, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.04.047.
Zhou B Z, Greenhalgh S A. 1994. Linear and parabolic t-p transforms revisited [J]. Geophysics, 59(7): 1133-1149.
邓巧琳. 2013. 地震波在反射与透射影响下的能量衰减分析[硕士论文]. 长沙: 湖南大学.
韩文功, 张军华. 2011. 弱反射地震信号特征及识别方法理论研究[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 46(2): 232-236.
何振起, 李海, 梁彦忠. 2000. 利用地震反射法进行隧道施工地质超前预报[J]. 铁道工程学报, 68(04): 81-85.
李世雄. 1993. Radon变换的抽样取值与小波[J]. 地球物理学报, 36(2): 233-241.
李永鸿, 徐光黎, 杨银湖, 等. 2005. 地震反射波法技术及其在隧道超前地质预报中的应用研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 27(10): 1180-1184.
李远钦, 刘雯林. 1997. n维广义Radon变换[J]. 地球物理学进展, 12(04): 59- 66.
林义. 2015. 隧道地震超前预报技术的数值模拟研究[博士论文]. 成都: 西南交通大学.
刘法启, 张关泉. 1996. 小波变换与F-K算法在滤波中的应用[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 31(6): 783-791.
刘喜武, 刘洪, 李幼铭. 2004. 高分辨率Radon变换方法及其在地震信号处理中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展, 19(1): 8-15, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2004.01.002.
鲁光银. 2009. 隧道地质灾害反射波法探测数值模拟及围岩F-AHP分级研究[博士论文]. 长沙: 中南大学.
涂国田. 1992. 串联F-K加相移插值法偏移[J]. 地球物理学报, 35(6): 762-770.
王维红, 裴江云, 张剑锋. 2007. 加权抛物Radon变换叠前地震数据重建[J]. 地球物理学报, 50(3): 851-859, doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2007.03.026.
王围红, 首皓, 刘洪, 等. 2006. 线性同相轴波场分离的高分辨率τ-p变换法[J]. 地球物理学进展, 21(1): 74-78, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2006.01.012.
王朝令. 2012. 隧道地震超前预报中波场分离与反演方法的数值模拟研究[博士论文]. 成都: 西南交通大学.
王朝令, 刘争平. 2012. τ-p变换在隧道反射地震超前预报波场分离中应用的数值模拟研究[J]. 地球物理学进展, 27(5): 2216-2225, doi: 10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.05.049.
王朝令, 刘争平, 黄云艳, 等. 2014. F-K变换在隧道反射地震预报波场分离中的数值模拟研究[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学, 34(4): 71-76.
吴律. 1985. 论Radon变换在地球物理勘探中应用的可能性[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 20(3): 235-241.
曾胜强.2018.隧道地震超前预报三维数值模拟研究[硕士论文]. 成都:西南交通大学.
曾昭璜. 1994. 隧道地震反射法超前预报[J]. 地球物理学报, 37(02): 267-271
赵永贵. 2007. 国内外隧道超前预报技术评析与推介[J]. 地球物理学进展, 22(04): 1344-1352, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.04.047.
Deng Q L. 2013. Derivation of reflection and transmission coefficients of seismic waves in visco elastic media [Master’s thesis]. Changsha: Hunan University.
Duncan G, Beresford G. 1995. Some analyses of 2-D median f-k filters [J]. Geophysics, 60(4): 1157-1168.
Durrani T S, Bisset D. 1984. The Radon transform and its properties [J]. Geophysics, 49(8): 1180-1187.
Han W G, Zhang J H. 2011. Theoretical study on characteristic of weak signal and its identification [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese), 46(2): 232-236.
He Z Q, Li H, Liang Y Z. 2000. Geological super-leading forecast during tunnel construction by utilizing seismic response analysis method [J]. Journal of the Railway Engineering Society (in Chinese), 68(04): 81-85.
Helgason S. 1999. The radon transform [M]. Boston: Birkh?user.
Li S X. 1993. Sampling of radon transform and wavelet [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 36(2): 233-241.
Li Y H, Xu G L, Yang Y Het al. 2005. Application of earthquake refracted wave method to geologyical prediction for tunneling [J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (in Chinese), 27(10): 1180-1184.
Li Y Q, Liu W L. 1997. General N-D radon transform [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 12(04): 59- 66.
Lin Y. 2015. The numerical simulation research of tunnel seismic prediction[Ph. D. thesis]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University.
Liu F Q, Zhang G Q. 1996. Application of wavelet transform and F-K algorithm in filtering [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese), 31(6): 783-791.
Liu X W, Liu H, Li Y M. 2004. High resolution radon transform and its application in seismic signal processing [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 19(1): 8-15, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2004.01.002.
Lu G Y. 2009. Numerical simulation for tunnel geological hazard detection by reflected wave method and rock dynamic classification by F-AHP method research [Ph. D. thesis]. Changsha: Central south University.
Tatham R H, Goolsbee D V. 1981. Separation of S-wave and P-wave reflections offshore western Florida [J]. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 66(2): 445- 453.
Treitel S, Gutowski P R, Wagner D E. 1982. Plane-wave decomposition of seismograms [J]. Geophysics, 47(10): 1375-1401.
Tu G T. 1992. Migration with the cascaded F-K plus pspi method [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 35(6): 762-770.
Wang W H, Pei J Y, Zhang J F. 2007. Prestack seismic data reconstruction using weighted parabolic Radon transform [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 50(3): 851-859, doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2007.03.026.
Wang W H, Shou H, Liu H, et al. 2006. High resolution τ-p transform in linear events wavefield separation [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 21(1): 74-78, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2006.01.012.
Wang Z L. 2012. The numerical simulation research on separation of wave field and inversion method in tunnel seismic prediction [Ph. D. thesis]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University.
Wang Z L, Liu Z P. 2012. The modelling study of τ-p transform applied in the tunnel seismic prediction [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 27(5): 2216-2225, doi: 10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.05.049.
Wang Z L, Liu Z P, Huang Y Y, et al. 2014. Modeling Research of F-K transform applied in the tunnel earthquake prediction [J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics (in Chinese), 34(4): 71-76.
Wu L. 1985. The possibility of application of Radon transform in geophysical exploration [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese), 20(3): 235-241.
Zelt C A. 1999. Modelling strategies and model assessment for wide-angle seismic traveltime data [J]. Geophysical Journal International, 139(1): 183-204.
Zeng S Q.2018.Three-Dimensional numerical simulation study on the seismic advanced prediction[Master’s thesis]. Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University.
Zeng Z H. 1994. Prediction ahead of the tunnel face by the seismic reflection methods [J]. Chinese journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 37(02): 267-271.
Zhao Y G. 2007. Analysis and recommendation of tunnel prediction techniques at home and abroad [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 22(04): 1344-1352, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.04.047.
Zhou B Z, Greenhalgh S A. 1994. Linear and parabolic t-p transforms revisited [J]. Geophysics, 59(7): 1133-1149.
邓巧琳. 2013. 地震波在反射与透射影响下的能量衰减分析[硕士论文]. 长沙: 湖南大学.
韩文功, 张军华. 2011. 弱反射地震信号特征及识别方法理论研究[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 46(2): 232-236.
何振起, 李海, 梁彦忠. 2000. 利用地震反射法进行隧道施工地质超前预报[J]. 铁道工程学报, 68(04): 81-85.
李世雄. 1993. Radon变换的抽样取值与小波[J]. 地球物理学报, 36(2): 233-241.
李永鸿, 徐光黎, 杨银湖, 等. 2005. 地震反射波法技术及其在隧道超前地质预报中的应用研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 27(10): 1180-1184.
李远钦, 刘雯林. 1997. n维广义Radon变换[J]. 地球物理学进展, 12(04): 59- 66.
林义. 2015. 隧道地震超前预报技术的数值模拟研究[博士论文]. 成都: 西南交通大学.
刘法启, 张关泉. 1996. 小波变换与F-K算法在滤波中的应用[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 31(6): 783-791.
刘喜武, 刘洪, 李幼铭. 2004. 高分辨率Radon变换方法及其在地震信号处理中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展, 19(1): 8-15, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2004.01.002.
鲁光银. 2009. 隧道地质灾害反射波法探测数值模拟及围岩F-AHP分级研究[博士论文]. 长沙: 中南大学.
涂国田. 1992. 串联F-K加相移插值法偏移[J]. 地球物理学报, 35(6): 762-770.
王维红, 裴江云, 张剑锋. 2007. 加权抛物Radon变换叠前地震数据重建[J]. 地球物理学报, 50(3): 851-859, doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2007.03.026.
王围红, 首皓, 刘洪, 等. 2006. 线性同相轴波场分离的高分辨率τ-p变换法[J]. 地球物理学进展, 21(1): 74-78, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2006.01.012.
王朝令. 2012. 隧道地震超前预报中波场分离与反演方法的数值模拟研究[博士论文]. 成都: 西南交通大学.
王朝令, 刘争平. 2012. τ-p变换在隧道反射地震超前预报波场分离中应用的数值模拟研究[J]. 地球物理学进展, 27(5): 2216-2225, doi: 10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.05.049.
王朝令, 刘争平, 黄云艳, 等. 2014. F-K变换在隧道反射地震预报波场分离中的数值模拟研究[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学, 34(4): 71-76.
吴律. 1985. 论Radon变换在地球物理勘探中应用的可能性[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 20(3): 235-241.
曾胜强.2018.隧道地震超前预报三维数值模拟研究[硕士论文]. 成都:西南交通大学.
曾昭璜. 1994. 隧道地震反射法超前预报[J]. 地球物理学报, 37(02): 267-271
赵永贵. 2007. 国内外隧道超前预报技术评析与推介[J]. 地球物理学进展, 22(04): 1344-1352, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.04.047.
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