赣南桃江河表层沉积物钨赋存特征及风险分析
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摘要
选择赣南桃江河表层沉积物为研究对象,采用改进的BCR提取法分析桃江上、中、下游及支流表层沉积物中钨的含量及赋存形态,并利用富集系数法(EF)和风险指数编码法(RAC)对桃江河表层沉积物中钨的富集程度与环境风险进行评价.结果表明,桃江河表层沉积物钨的总量范围为1.21～39.73mg/kg,均值为18.21mg/kg.研究区域58%的采样点沉积物中钨总量高于江西省土壤重金属背景值;桃江河沉积物中钨的主要赋存形态是残渣态(B4态),沉积物中各形态钨占总钨的比例大小顺序为残渣态>可氧化态>可还原态>弱酸提取态,空间上有效态钨占总钨的比例大小为支流>下游>上游>中游,平均比例分别为22.44%、21.03%、14.45%及10.91%.相关性分析显示,pH值和阳离子交换与钨的各形态及总量呈正相关.EF法分析表明桃江河上游与支流沉积物中钨富集严重;RAC法分析结果显示采样点沉积物中钨含量呈低、中、高生态风险占比分别为33.33%、46.67%、17.78%.上述结果表明,桃江河表层沉积物钨富集程度及环境风险较严重,应引起重视并开展深入研究.
Total concentrations and forms of tungsten in surface sediments from Taojiang river were determined and the methods of enrichment coefficient(EF) and risk index coding(RAC) were applied to assess the accumulative degree and environmental risks.The results showed that the tungsten concentrations ranged from 1.21 to 39.73 mg/kg, with an average of 18.21 mg/kg, while 58% of sampling sites were greater than the background values of the soil in Jiangxi Province. The species of tungsten were presented dominantly in the residual fraction, followed by the oxidizable, reducible and weak acid extraction fraction. Spatially, the effective tungsten in tributary is maximal with a mean value of 22.44%, followed by downstream(21.03%), upstream(14.45%) and midstream(10.91%). Correlation analysis showed that total concentrations and species of tungsten were positively correlated with the pH and cation exchange, respectively. The EF analysis suggested that the tungsten enrichment was seriously accumulated in the upper reaches and tributaries of the Taojiang River. The RAC analysis demonstrated the ecological risk in different sampling sites was low,medium and high, with a proportion of 33.33%, 46.67% and 17.78%, respectively. Altogether, this study indicated that the tungsten were accumulated in sediments of Taojiang River with seriously environmental risks, which deserve to be additional more extensive researches.
Total concentrations and forms of tungsten in surface sediments from Taojiang river were determined and the methods of enrichment coefficient(EF) and risk index coding(RAC) were applied to assess the accumulative degree and environmental risks.The results showed that the tungsten concentrations ranged from 1.21 to 39.73 mg/kg, with an average of 18.21 mg/kg, while 58% of sampling sites were greater than the background values of the soil in Jiangxi Province. The species of tungsten were presented dominantly in the residual fraction, followed by the oxidizable, reducible and weak acid extraction fraction. Spatially, the effective tungsten in tributary is maximal with a mean value of 22.44%, followed by downstream(21.03%), upstream(14.45%) and midstream(10.91%). Correlation analysis showed that total concentrations and species of tungsten were positively correlated with the pH and cation exchange, respectively. The EF analysis suggested that the tungsten enrichment was seriously accumulated in the upper reaches and tributaries of the Taojiang River. The RAC analysis demonstrated the ecological risk in different sampling sites was low,medium and high, with a proportion of 33.33%, 46.67% and 17.78%, respectively. Altogether, this study indicated that the tungsten were accumulated in sediments of Taojiang River with seriously environmental risks, which deserve to be additional more extensive researches.
引文
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[12]Strigul N,Koutsispyros A,Christodoulatos C.Tungsten speciation and toxicity:acute toxicity of mono-and poly-tungstates to fish[J].Ecotoxicology and Environment Safety,2010,73(2):164-171.
[13]Kelly A D R,Lemaire M,Young Y K,et al.In vivo tungsten exposure alters B-cell development and increases DNA damage in murine bonem arrow[J].Toxicological Sciences,2013,131(2):434-446.
[14]Clausen J L,Korte N.Environmental fate of tungsten from military use[J].The Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(8):2887-2893.
[15]Johannesson K H,Tang J.Conservative behavior of arsenic and other oxyanion forming trace elements in an oxic groundwater flow system[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,378(1/2):13-28.
[16]Pekey H.Heavy metal pollution assessment in sediments of the Izmit Bay,Turkey[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2006,123(1-3):219-231.
[17]李佳璐,姜霞,王书航,等.丹江口水库沉积物重金属形态分布特征及其迁移能力[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(4):1207-1217.Li J L,Jiang X,Wang S H,et al.Distribution and migration ability of heavy metals in sediments of danjiangkou reservoir[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(4):1207-1217.
[18]王鸣宇,张雷,秦延文,等.湘江表层沉积物重金属的赋存形态及其环境影响因子分析[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(11):2447-2458.Wang M Y,Zhang L,Qing Y W,et al.Analysis of the occurrence of heavy metals in surface sediments of Xiangjiang River and its environmental impact factors[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(11):2447-2458.
[19]Yang G,Helian L I,Jumei L I,et al.Effect of agricultural application of sludge on forms of heavy metal elements in alkaline soil[J].Journal of University of Jinan,2018.
[20]李志强,齐述华,刘旗福,等.1981~2013年桃江流域径流与泥沙模拟研究[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(1):203-207.Li Z Q,Qi S H,Liu Q F,et al.Simulation of runoff and sediment in the Taojiang River Basin from 1981 to 2013[J].Soil and water conservation bulletin,2018,38(1):203-207.
[21]Bednar A J,Jones W T,Chappell M A,et al.A modified acid digestion procedure for extraction of tungsten from soil.[J].Talanta,2010,80(3):1257-1263.
[22]Chabukdhara M,Nema A K.Assessment of heavy metal contamination in Hindon River sediments:A chemometric and geochemical approach[J].Chemosphere,2012,87(8):945-953.
[23]陈明,蔡青云,徐慧,等.水体沉积物重金属污染风险评价研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(6):1069-1074.Chen M,Cai Q Y,Xu H,et al.Research progress on risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in water sediments[J].Ecology and Environmental Science,2015,24(6):1069-1074.
[24]史长义,梁萌,冯斌.中国水系沉积物39种元素系列背景值[J].地球科学,2016,41(2):234-251.Shi C Y,Liang M,Feng B,et al.Background values of 39elements series of sediments in Chinese water system[J].Journal of Earth Science,2016,41(2):234-251.
[25]Sundaray S K,Nayak B B,Lin S,et al.Geochemical speciation and risk assessment of heavy metals in the river estuarine sediments-Acase study:Mahanadi basin,India[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,186(2/3):1837-1846.
[26]王馨慧,单保庆,唐文忠,等.北京市凉水河表层沉积物中砷含量及其赋存形态[J].环境科学,2016,(1):180-186.Wang X H,Dan B Q,Tang W Z,et al.Arsenic content and its occurrence in the surface sediments of Liangshui River,Beijing[J].Environmental Sciences,2016,(1):180-186.
[27]罗浪,刘明学,董发勤,等.某多金属矿周围牧区土壤重金属形态及环境风险评测[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(8):1523-1531.Luo L,Liu M X,Dong F Q,et al.Heavy metal form and environmental risk assessment of pastoral areas around a polymetallic mine[J].Journal of Agricultural Environmental Science,2016,35(8):1523-1531.
[28]张慧娟,刘云根,侯磊,等.典型出境河流生态修复区沉积物重金属污染特征及生态风险评估[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(9):1415-1424.Zhang H J,Liu Y G,Hou L,et al.Heavy metal pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of sediments in typical outflow river ecological restoration areas[J].Research of Environmental sciences,2017,30(9):1415-1424.
[29]赵倩,郭清海,罗黎,等.水中硫代钨酸盐的形成及其形态转化[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(9):3437-3446.Zhao Q,Guo Q H,Luo L,et al.Formation of thiotungstate in water and its morphological transformation[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(9):3437-3446.
[30]Chabukdhara M,Nema A K.Assessment of heavy metal contamination in Hindon River sediments:A chemometric and geochemical approach[J].Chemosphere,2012,87(8):945-953
[31]臧飞,王胜利,南忠仁,等.工矿型绿洲城郊排污渠沉积物重金属的形态分布规律及风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):497-506.Zang F,Wang S L,Nan Z R,et al.Morphological distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of industrial and mining oasis suburbs[J].Environmental Sciences,2015,36(2):497-506.
[32]孟博,刘静玲,李毅,等.北京市凉水河表层沉积物不同粒径重金属形态分布特征及生态风险[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(5):964-972.Meng B,Liu J L,Li Y,et al.Distribution and ecological risk of heavy metal in different surface sizes of surface sediments in Liangshui River,Beijing[J].Journal of Agricultural Environmental Science,2015,34(5):964-972.
[33]车霏霏,甄卓,王大鹏,等.太湖不同营养水平湖区表层沉积物的砷分布特征及其生态风险[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(5):1623-1631.Che F F,Zhen Z,Wang D P,et al.Arsenic distribution characteristics and ecological risk of surface sediments in lakes with different nutrient levels in Taihu Lake[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(5):1623-1631.
[34]Lin Q,Liu E,Zhang E,et al.Spatial distribution,contamination and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of Erhai Lake,a large eutrophic plateau lake in south West China[J].Catena,2016,145:193-203.
[2]Wu W M,Deng S,Du H Y.The analysis and evaluation of heavy metal pollution in wastewater of tungsten mine area[J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,610-613(9):1162-1165.
[3]Wang L,Zhang L J,Hao Y I,et al.Concentration analysis and health risk assessment of heavy metals in leafy vegetables in tungsten pollution area of south china[J].China Rural Water&Hydropower,2015,3:71-75.
[4]Strigul N,Koutsospyros A,Arienti P,et al.Effects of tungsten on environmental systems[J].Chemosphere,2005,61(2):248-258.
[5]Koutsospyros A,Braida W,Christodoulatos C,et al.A revie W of tungsten:From environmental obscurity to scrutiny[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2006,136(1):1-19.
[6]方志青,陈秋禹,尹德良,等.三峡库区支流河口沉积物重金属分布特征及风险评价[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2607-2614.Fang Z Q,Cheng Q Y,Ying D L,et al.Distribution characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of the tributary estuary in the three gorges reservoir area[J].Environmental Sciences,2018,39(6):2607-2614.
[7]Shah B A,Shah A V,Mistry C B,et al.Assessment of heavy metals in sediments near hazira industrial zone at tapti river estuary,Surat,India[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,69(7):2365-2376.
[8]Strigul N.Does speciation matter for tungsten ecotoxicology[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2010,73(6):1099-1113.
[9]Sheppard P R,Ridenour G,Speakman R J,et al.Elevated tungsten and cobalt in airborne particulates in Fallon,Nevada:Possible implications for the childhood leukemia cluster[J].Applied Geochemistry,2006,21(1):152-165.
[10]Sheppard P R,Speakman R J,Ridenour G,et al.Temporal variabilityof tungsten and cobalt in Fallon,Nevada[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2007,115(5):715-719.
[11]Strigul N.Does speciation matter for tungsten ecotoxicology[J].Ecotoxicology and Environment Safety,2010,73(6):1099-1113.
[12]Strigul N,Koutsispyros A,Christodoulatos C.Tungsten speciation and toxicity:acute toxicity of mono-and poly-tungstates to fish[J].Ecotoxicology and Environment Safety,2010,73(2):164-171.
[13]Kelly A D R,Lemaire M,Young Y K,et al.In vivo tungsten exposure alters B-cell development and increases DNA damage in murine bonem arrow[J].Toxicological Sciences,2013,131(2):434-446.
[14]Clausen J L,Korte N.Environmental fate of tungsten from military use[J].The Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(8):2887-2893.
[15]Johannesson K H,Tang J.Conservative behavior of arsenic and other oxyanion forming trace elements in an oxic groundwater flow system[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,378(1/2):13-28.
[16]Pekey H.Heavy metal pollution assessment in sediments of the Izmit Bay,Turkey[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2006,123(1-3):219-231.
[17]李佳璐,姜霞,王书航,等.丹江口水库沉积物重金属形态分布特征及其迁移能力[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(4):1207-1217.Li J L,Jiang X,Wang S H,et al.Distribution and migration ability of heavy metals in sediments of danjiangkou reservoir[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(4):1207-1217.
[18]王鸣宇,张雷,秦延文,等.湘江表层沉积物重金属的赋存形态及其环境影响因子分析[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(11):2447-2458.Wang M Y,Zhang L,Qing Y W,et al.Analysis of the occurrence of heavy metals in surface sediments of Xiangjiang River and its environmental impact factors[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(11):2447-2458.
[19]Yang G,Helian L I,Jumei L I,et al.Effect of agricultural application of sludge on forms of heavy metal elements in alkaline soil[J].Journal of University of Jinan,2018.
[20]李志强,齐述华,刘旗福,等.1981~2013年桃江流域径流与泥沙模拟研究[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(1):203-207.Li Z Q,Qi S H,Liu Q F,et al.Simulation of runoff and sediment in the Taojiang River Basin from 1981 to 2013[J].Soil and water conservation bulletin,2018,38(1):203-207.
[21]Bednar A J,Jones W T,Chappell M A,et al.A modified acid digestion procedure for extraction of tungsten from soil.[J].Talanta,2010,80(3):1257-1263.
[22]Chabukdhara M,Nema A K.Assessment of heavy metal contamination in Hindon River sediments:A chemometric and geochemical approach[J].Chemosphere,2012,87(8):945-953.
[23]陈明,蔡青云,徐慧,等.水体沉积物重金属污染风险评价研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(6):1069-1074.Chen M,Cai Q Y,Xu H,et al.Research progress on risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in water sediments[J].Ecology and Environmental Science,2015,24(6):1069-1074.
[24]史长义,梁萌,冯斌.中国水系沉积物39种元素系列背景值[J].地球科学,2016,41(2):234-251.Shi C Y,Liang M,Feng B,et al.Background values of 39elements series of sediments in Chinese water system[J].Journal of Earth Science,2016,41(2):234-251.
[25]Sundaray S K,Nayak B B,Lin S,et al.Geochemical speciation and risk assessment of heavy metals in the river estuarine sediments-Acase study:Mahanadi basin,India[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,186(2/3):1837-1846.
[26]王馨慧,单保庆,唐文忠,等.北京市凉水河表层沉积物中砷含量及其赋存形态[J].环境科学,2016,(1):180-186.Wang X H,Dan B Q,Tang W Z,et al.Arsenic content and its occurrence in the surface sediments of Liangshui River,Beijing[J].Environmental Sciences,2016,(1):180-186.
[27]罗浪,刘明学,董发勤,等.某多金属矿周围牧区土壤重金属形态及环境风险评测[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(8):1523-1531.Luo L,Liu M X,Dong F Q,et al.Heavy metal form and environmental risk assessment of pastoral areas around a polymetallic mine[J].Journal of Agricultural Environmental Science,2016,35(8):1523-1531.
[28]张慧娟,刘云根,侯磊,等.典型出境河流生态修复区沉积物重金属污染特征及生态风险评估[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(9):1415-1424.Zhang H J,Liu Y G,Hou L,et al.Heavy metal pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of sediments in typical outflow river ecological restoration areas[J].Research of Environmental sciences,2017,30(9):1415-1424.
[29]赵倩,郭清海,罗黎,等.水中硫代钨酸盐的形成及其形态转化[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(9):3437-3446.Zhao Q,Guo Q H,Luo L,et al.Formation of thiotungstate in water and its morphological transformation[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(9):3437-3446.
[30]Chabukdhara M,Nema A K.Assessment of heavy metal contamination in Hindon River sediments:A chemometric and geochemical approach[J].Chemosphere,2012,87(8):945-953
[31]臧飞,王胜利,南忠仁,等.工矿型绿洲城郊排污渠沉积物重金属的形态分布规律及风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):497-506.Zang F,Wang S L,Nan Z R,et al.Morphological distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of industrial and mining oasis suburbs[J].Environmental Sciences,2015,36(2):497-506.
[32]孟博,刘静玲,李毅,等.北京市凉水河表层沉积物不同粒径重金属形态分布特征及生态风险[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(5):964-972.Meng B,Liu J L,Li Y,et al.Distribution and ecological risk of heavy metal in different surface sizes of surface sediments in Liangshui River,Beijing[J].Journal of Agricultural Environmental Science,2015,34(5):964-972.
[33]车霏霏,甄卓,王大鹏,等.太湖不同营养水平湖区表层沉积物的砷分布特征及其生态风险[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(5):1623-1631.Che F F,Zhen Z,Wang D P,et al.Arsenic distribution characteristics and ecological risk of surface sediments in lakes with different nutrient levels in Taihu Lake[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(5):1623-1631.
[34]Lin Q,Liu E,Zhang E,et al.Spatial distribution,contamination and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of Erhai Lake,a large eutrophic plateau lake in south West China[J].Catena,2016,145:193-203.
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