生态净化系统中DOM光学特性及影响因素分析:以盐龙湖春季为例
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摘要
为了探究生态净化系统中溶解性有机物(DOM)的光学特性、空间分布特征及主要影响因子.以盐龙湖生态净化系统为例,取2017、2018年春季数据进行研究.结果表明,盐龙湖春季总磷、总氮、高锰酸盐指数浓度变化范围分别为0. 05～0. 25、1. 25～2. 75、3. 99～7. 17 mg·L~(-1),出水溶解氧升高至(11. 93±1. 31) mg·L~(-1)、浊度降低至(13. 23±2. 24) NTU,而高锰酸盐指数变化不显著.主成分分析(PCA)表明盐龙湖原水、预处理区水质与外源汇入有关;而沉水植物区和深度净化区水质依赖于内源影响.荧光指数、腐殖化指数及生物源指数分析综合发现水体中DOM主要是源于陆生植物与土壤输入,腐殖化程度较低且新生的自生源DOM较多. PARAFAC模型将DOM可分为紫外光区类富里酸(239 nm,304 nm/407 nm),可见光区类富里酸(256 nm,352 nm/439 nm),色氨酸类蛋白质(276 nm/327 nm)和胡敏酸(292 nm,395 nm/491 nm).紫外吸收指数表明盐龙湖原水、预处理单元、挺水植物区DOM光谱强度波动较大,沉水植物区、深度净化区DOM光谱强度较稳定.水质参数中对DOM光学特性有影响的因素主要是透明度、溶解氧、电导率、总氮和藻细胞数.
An investigation the optical properties and spatial distribution of dissolved organic matter( DOM) in an ecological purification system and the primary factors that affect the optical properties of the DOM was conducted. Taking the Yanlong Lake ecological purification system as an example,data from spring 2017 and 2018 were compared. The results show that the concentrations of total phosphorus and total nitrogen and the permanganate index in Yanlong Lake were 0. 05-0. 25,1. 25-2. 75,and 3. 99-7. 17 mg·L~(-1),respectively. In addition,the dissolved oxygen in the effluent of Yanlong Lake increased to( 11. 93 ± 1. 31) mg·L~(-1),and the turbidity decreased to( 13. 23 ± 2. 24) NTU,while the change in the permanganate index was not significant. Principal component analysis( PCA) showed that the water quality of the Yanlong Lake raw water and water in the pre-treatment area was closely related to the inflow of exogenous sources,while the water quality in submerged plant areas and deep purification areas was dependent on endogenous effects. According to the fluorescence index,humification index,and biological source index analysis,it was found that there are new spontaneous sources of DOM in this body of water,the degree of humification is lower,and endogenous biological DOM is dominant. The PARAFAC model can be used to classify DOM into UV-fulvic acid-like components( 239 nm,304 nm/407 nm),visible light fulvic acid-like components( 256 nm,352 nm/439 nm),tryptophan-like protein( 276 nm/327 nm) and humic acid( 292 nm,395 nm/491 nm). The UV absorption index indicates that the spectral intensity of DOM in the raw water,pretreatment unit,and emergent water plant area of Yanlong Lake fluctuates greatly,and the DOM spectral intensity of the submerged plant area and deep purification area is relatively stable. The factors affecting the optical properties of the DOM in terms of water quality parameters are mainly transparency,dissolved oxygen,conductivity,total nitrogen,and algae cell number.
An investigation the optical properties and spatial distribution of dissolved organic matter( DOM) in an ecological purification system and the primary factors that affect the optical properties of the DOM was conducted. Taking the Yanlong Lake ecological purification system as an example,data from spring 2017 and 2018 were compared. The results show that the concentrations of total phosphorus and total nitrogen and the permanganate index in Yanlong Lake were 0. 05-0. 25,1. 25-2. 75,and 3. 99-7. 17 mg·L~(-1),respectively. In addition,the dissolved oxygen in the effluent of Yanlong Lake increased to( 11. 93 ± 1. 31) mg·L~(-1),and the turbidity decreased to( 13. 23 ± 2. 24) NTU,while the change in the permanganate index was not significant. Principal component analysis( PCA) showed that the water quality of the Yanlong Lake raw water and water in the pre-treatment area was closely related to the inflow of exogenous sources,while the water quality in submerged plant areas and deep purification areas was dependent on endogenous effects. According to the fluorescence index,humification index,and biological source index analysis,it was found that there are new spontaneous sources of DOM in this body of water,the degree of humification is lower,and endogenous biological DOM is dominant. The PARAFAC model can be used to classify DOM into UV-fulvic acid-like components( 239 nm,304 nm/407 nm),visible light fulvic acid-like components( 256 nm,352 nm/439 nm),tryptophan-like protein( 276 nm/327 nm) and humic acid( 292 nm,395 nm/491 nm). The UV absorption index indicates that the spectral intensity of DOM in the raw water,pretreatment unit,and emergent water plant area of Yanlong Lake fluctuates greatly,and the DOM spectral intensity of the submerged plant area and deep purification area is relatively stable. The factors affecting the optical properties of the DOM in terms of water quality parameters are mainly transparency,dissolved oxygen,conductivity,total nitrogen,and algae cell number.
引文
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[21]黄廷林,方开凯,张春华,等.荧光光谱结合平行因子分析研究夏季周村水库溶解性有机物的分布与来源[J].环境科学,2016,37(9):3394-3401.Huang T L, Fang K K, Zhang C H, et al. Analysis of distribution characteristics and source of dissolved organic matter from Zhoucun Reservoir in summer based on fluorescence spectroscopy and PARAFAC[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(9):3394-3401.
[22]药怡良.黄东海水体及沉积物中有色溶解有机物的研究[D].青岛:中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2016.Yao Y L. Study on the colored dissolved organic matter in water and sediment of the Yellow-East Sea[D]. Qingdao:Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Ocean Institute),2016.
[23] Stedmon C A,Bro R. Characterizing dissolved organic matter fluorescence with parallel factor analysis:a tutorial[J].Limnology and Oceanography Methods,2008,6(11):572-579.
[24] Chen W,Westerhoff P,Leenheer J A,et al. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2003,37(24):5701-5710.
[25] Koivula N,Hanninen K. Concentrations of monosaccharides in humic substances in the early stages of humification[J].Chemosphere,2001,44(2):271-279.
[26] Cory R M,Mc Knight D M. Fluorescence spectroscopy reveals ubiquitous presence of oxidized and reduced quinones in dissolved organic matter[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(21):8142-8149.
[27]曹昌丽,梁梦琦,何桂英,等.城镇化河流溶解性有机质的荧光特性与水质相关性:以宁波市北仑区芦江为例[J].环境科学,2018,39(4):1560-1567.Cao C L,Liang M Q,He G Y,et al. Fluorescent dissolved organic matter and its correlation with water quality in a urban river:a case study of the Lujiang River in Beilun,Ningbo[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(4):1560-1567.
[28] Stedmon C A,Markager S. Resolving the variability in dissolved organic matter fluorescence in a temperate estuary and its catchment using PARAFAC analysis[J]. Limnology and Oceanography,2005,50(2):686-697.
[29]陈俊伊,王书航,姜霞,等.蠡湖表层沉积物荧光溶解性有机质(FDOM)荧光光谱特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(1):70-77.Chen J Y,Wang S H,Jiang X,et al. Fluorescence spectral characteristics of fluorescent dissolved organic matter(FDOM)in the surface sediments from Lihu Lake[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(1):70-77.
[30] Ohno T,Bro R. Dissolved organic matter characterization using multiway spectral decomposition of fluorescence landscapes[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2006,70(6):2028-2037.
[31]任保卫,赵卫红,王江涛,等.胶州湾围隔实验中溶解有机物三维荧光特征[J].环境科学,2007,28(4):712-718.Ren B W,Zhao W H,Wang J T,et al. Three-dimensional fluorescence characteristic of dissolved organic matter in Marine mesocosm experiment in Jiaozhou Bay,China[J]. Environmental Science,2007,28(4):712-718.
[32] Li W T,Jin J,Li Q,et al. Developing LED UV fluorescence sensors for online monitoring DOM and predicting DBPs formation potential during water treatment[J]. Water Research,2016,93:1-9.
[2] Vymazal J,KropfelováL. Removal of organics in constructed wetlands with horizontal sub-surface flow:a review of the field experience[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(13):3911-3922.
[3]卢晓漩,李强,靳振江,等.桂林五里峡水库丰水期溶解有机碳特征[J].环境科学,2018,39(5):2075-2085.Lu X X, Li Q, Jin Z J, et al. Water chemistry and characteristics of dissolved organic carbon during the wet season in wulixia reservoir,SW China[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(5):2075-2085.
[4] He W,Choi I,Lee J J,et al. Coupling effects of abiotic and biotic factors on molecular composition of dissolved organic matter in a freshwater wetland[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2016,544:525-534.
[5] Vera M,Cruz S,Boleda M R,et al. Fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis as a dissolved organic monitoring tool to assess treatment performance in drinking water trains[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,584-585:1212-1220.
[6] Coble P G. Characterization of marine and terrestrial DOM in seawater using excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy[J].Marine Chemistry,1996,51(4):325-346.
[7] Wang X,Zhang H F,Zhang Y H,et al. New Insights into trihalomethane and haloacetic acid formation potentials:correlation with the molecular composition of natural organic matter in source water[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2017,51(4):2015-2021.
[8] Yang Y L,Lu J L,Yu H K,et al. Characteristics of disinfection by-products precursors removal from micro-polluted water by constructed wetlands[J]. Ecological Engineering,2016,93:262-268.
[9] Wu S B,Kuschk P,Brix H,et al. Development of constructed wetlands in performance intensifications for wastewater treatment:a nitrogen and organic matter targeted review[J]. Water Research,2014,57:40-55.
[10] Wang R Y,Korboulewsky N,Prudent P,et al. Feasibility of using an organic substrate in a wetland system treating sewage sludge:Impact of plant species[J]. Bioresource Technology,2010,101(1):51-57.
[11] Pinney M L,Westerhoff P K,Baker L. Transformations in dissolved organic carbon through constructed wetlands[J]. Water Research,2000,34(6):1897-1911.
[12] Du X L,Xu Z X,Li J Q,et al. Characterization and removal of dissolved organic matter in a vertical flow constructed wetland[J]. Ecological Engineering,2014,73:610-615.
[13] Saeed T,Sun G Z. A review on nitrogen and organics removal mechanisms in subsurface flow constructed wetlands:dependency on environmental parameters,operating conditions and supporting media[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2012,112:429-448.
[14]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[15]付融冰,朱宜平,杨海真,等.连续流湿地中DO、ORP状况及与植物根系分布的关系[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(10):2036-2041.Fu R B,Zhu Y P,Yang H Z,et al. DO and ORP conditions and their correlation with plant root distribution in a continuousflow constructed wetland treating eutrophic water[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2008,28(10):2036-2041.
[16] GB 3838-2002,地表水环境质量标准[S].
[17] Henderson R K,Baker A,Parsons S A,et al. Characterisation of algogenic organic matter extracted from cyanobacteria,green algae and diatoms[J]. Water Research,2008,42(13):3435-3445.
[18]邵田田,李柳阳,王涛,等.辽河流域河流秋季CDOM光学特性及影响因素研究[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(4):1558-1568.Shao T T,Li L Y,Wang T,et al. CDOM optical characteristics and influences factors affected on them for rivers in Liaohe River watershed in autumn[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2018,38(4):1558-1568.
[19]张连凯,刘朋雨,覃小群,等.溶解性有机质在岩溶水系统中的迁移转化及影响因素分析[J].环境科学,2018,39(5):2104-2116.Zhang L K, Liu P Y, Qin X Q, et al. Migration and transformation of dissolved organic matter in karst water systems and an analysis of their influencing factors[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(5):2104-2116.
[20] Huguet A,Vacher L,Relexans S,et al. Properties of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the Gironde Estuary[J]. Organic Geochemistry,2009,40(6):706-719.
[21]黄廷林,方开凯,张春华,等.荧光光谱结合平行因子分析研究夏季周村水库溶解性有机物的分布与来源[J].环境科学,2016,37(9):3394-3401.Huang T L, Fang K K, Zhang C H, et al. Analysis of distribution characteristics and source of dissolved organic matter from Zhoucun Reservoir in summer based on fluorescence spectroscopy and PARAFAC[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(9):3394-3401.
[22]药怡良.黄东海水体及沉积物中有色溶解有机物的研究[D].青岛:中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2016.Yao Y L. Study on the colored dissolved organic matter in water and sediment of the Yellow-East Sea[D]. Qingdao:Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Ocean Institute),2016.
[23] Stedmon C A,Bro R. Characterizing dissolved organic matter fluorescence with parallel factor analysis:a tutorial[J].Limnology and Oceanography Methods,2008,6(11):572-579.
[24] Chen W,Westerhoff P,Leenheer J A,et al. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2003,37(24):5701-5710.
[25] Koivula N,Hanninen K. Concentrations of monosaccharides in humic substances in the early stages of humification[J].Chemosphere,2001,44(2):271-279.
[26] Cory R M,Mc Knight D M. Fluorescence spectroscopy reveals ubiquitous presence of oxidized and reduced quinones in dissolved organic matter[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(21):8142-8149.
[27]曹昌丽,梁梦琦,何桂英,等.城镇化河流溶解性有机质的荧光特性与水质相关性:以宁波市北仑区芦江为例[J].环境科学,2018,39(4):1560-1567.Cao C L,Liang M Q,He G Y,et al. Fluorescent dissolved organic matter and its correlation with water quality in a urban river:a case study of the Lujiang River in Beilun,Ningbo[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(4):1560-1567.
[28] Stedmon C A,Markager S. Resolving the variability in dissolved organic matter fluorescence in a temperate estuary and its catchment using PARAFAC analysis[J]. Limnology and Oceanography,2005,50(2):686-697.
[29]陈俊伊,王书航,姜霞,等.蠡湖表层沉积物荧光溶解性有机质(FDOM)荧光光谱特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(1):70-77.Chen J Y,Wang S H,Jiang X,et al. Fluorescence spectral characteristics of fluorescent dissolved organic matter(FDOM)in the surface sediments from Lihu Lake[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(1):70-77.
[30] Ohno T,Bro R. Dissolved organic matter characterization using multiway spectral decomposition of fluorescence landscapes[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2006,70(6):2028-2037.
[31]任保卫,赵卫红,王江涛,等.胶州湾围隔实验中溶解有机物三维荧光特征[J].环境科学,2007,28(4):712-718.Ren B W,Zhao W H,Wang J T,et al. Three-dimensional fluorescence characteristic of dissolved organic matter in Marine mesocosm experiment in Jiaozhou Bay,China[J]. Environmental Science,2007,28(4):712-718.
[32] Li W T,Jin J,Li Q,et al. Developing LED UV fluorescence sensors for online monitoring DOM and predicting DBPs formation potential during water treatment[J]. Water Research,2016,93:1-9.
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