高温下与高温后Q550D高强钢材料力学性能试验
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摘要
高强钢具有强度高、韧性好、可焊性优良等优点,其在土木工程中的应用越来越广泛.高强钢在火灾下的力学性能是钢结构抗火设计的重要影响因素.为获取高温下与高温后Q550D高强钢材料的力学性能,基于稳态试验方法,对Q550D高强钢开展了拉伸试验,考察了不同冷却方式(自然冷却与浸水冷却)与过火温度对Q550D高强钢力学性能的影响,获取了不同温度工况下Q550D高强钢的应力-应变曲线和高温下与高温后各项力学性能参数指标(弹性模量、屈服强度、抗拉强度和极限伸长率)的折减系数,并将试验结果与已有规范和文献结果进行了对比分析.结果表明:高温下Q550D高强钢的弹性模量、屈服强度、抗拉强度随着试验温度的升高而逐渐下降,其折减系数均低于各国规范的取值;当温度超过400℃时,高温下Q550D高强钢的弹性模量、屈服强度和抗拉强度下降明显,当温度超过700℃时,3个力学性能指标均接近于零;不同冷却方式与过火温度对Q550D高强钢的弹性模量影响不大;当温度低于600℃时,高温冷却后Q550D高强钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度的折减并不明显,当温度超过600℃时,屈服强度和抗拉强度显著下降,且自然冷却方式下的下降程度更大;高强钢与普通钢高温冷却后的屈服强度与抗拉强度存在较大差别.
High-strength steels are widely used in civil engineering because of their high strength,good toughness,and excellent weldability. Their mechanical properties in fire are critical influence factors on the fire resistance design of steel structures. To investigate mechanical properties of Q550D high-strength steel at elevated temperatures and after cooling from elevated temperatures,tensile tests based on steady-state test technique were conducted,including steady-state method and post-fire tensile tests. Influences of different cooling conditions(natural cooling and water cooling) and various temperatures on the mechanical properties of Q550D high-strength steel were investigated.Stress-strain curves and reduction factors of mechanical performance indexes(elastic modulus,yield strength,tensile strength and elongation) at different temperatures were obtained. Test results were compared with those of similar studies and design standards of various countries. The results showed that with the increase of test temperatures,elastic modulus,yield strength and tensile strength of Q550D high-strength steel gradually decreased at elevated temperatures and the reduction factors were lower than the values in design standards. When the heating temperature exceeded 400 ℃,the elastic modulus,yield strength and tensile strength of Q550D high strength steel significantly decreased at elevated temperature,and when the heating temperature exceeded 700 ℃,these three mechanical properties were close to zero. Different cooling methods and various temperatures had little influence on the elastic modulus of Q550D high-strength steel. When the heating temperature was under 600 ℃,the reduction of yield strength and tensile strength of Q550D high-strength steel was not obvious after cooling from elevated temperatures,whereas,when the temperature was over 600 ℃,there was a significant reduction in yield strength and tensile strength. The yield strength and tensile strength of naturally cooled specimens decreased more than those cooled in water. Large differences existed between both yield strengths and tensile strengths of high-strength steels and ordinary structural steels after cooling from elevated temperatures.
High-strength steels are widely used in civil engineering because of their high strength,good toughness,and excellent weldability. Their mechanical properties in fire are critical influence factors on the fire resistance design of steel structures. To investigate mechanical properties of Q550D high-strength steel at elevated temperatures and after cooling from elevated temperatures,tensile tests based on steady-state test technique were conducted,including steady-state method and post-fire tensile tests. Influences of different cooling conditions(natural cooling and water cooling) and various temperatures on the mechanical properties of Q550D high-strength steel were investigated.Stress-strain curves and reduction factors of mechanical performance indexes(elastic modulus,yield strength,tensile strength and elongation) at different temperatures were obtained. Test results were compared with those of similar studies and design standards of various countries. The results showed that with the increase of test temperatures,elastic modulus,yield strength and tensile strength of Q550D high-strength steel gradually decreased at elevated temperatures and the reduction factors were lower than the values in design standards. When the heating temperature exceeded 400 ℃,the elastic modulus,yield strength and tensile strength of Q550D high strength steel significantly decreased at elevated temperature,and when the heating temperature exceeded 700 ℃,these three mechanical properties were close to zero. Different cooling methods and various temperatures had little influence on the elastic modulus of Q550D high-strength steel. When the heating temperature was under 600 ℃,the reduction of yield strength and tensile strength of Q550D high-strength steel was not obvious after cooling from elevated temperatures,whereas,when the temperature was over 600 ℃,there was a significant reduction in yield strength and tensile strength. The yield strength and tensile strength of naturally cooled specimens decreased more than those cooled in water. Large differences existed between both yield strengths and tensile strengths of high-strength steels and ordinary structural steels after cooling from elevated temperatures.
引文
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[14]GB/T 228.1-2010金属材料拉伸试验第一部分:室温实验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.GB/T 228.1-2010 Metallic Materials-Tensile TestingPart 1:Method of Test at Room Temperature[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2010(in Chinese).
[15]范圣刚,郑家珵,孙文隽,等.S30408奥氏体不锈钢高温力学性能试验研究[J].工程力学,2017,34(4):167-176.Fan Shenggang,Zheng Jiacheng,Sun Wenjun,et al.Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of S30408 austenitic stainless steel at elevated temperatures[J].Engineering Mechanics,2017,34(4):167-176(in Chinese).
[16]范圣刚,张岁寒,孟畅.高温冷却后奥氏体不锈钢力学性能试验研究[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2017,51(12):2348-2354.Fan Shenggang,Zhang Suihan,Meng Chang.Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel with elevated temperature cooling[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2017,51(12):2348-2354(in Chinese).
[17]GB/T 4338-2006金属材料高温拉伸试验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.GB/T 4338-2006 Metallic Materials-Tensile Testing at Elevated Temperature[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2006(in Chinese).
[18]European Committee for Standardization.EN 1993-1-2Eurocode 3-Design of Steel Structures-Part 1-2:General Rules-Structural Fire Design[S].Brussels:CEN,2005.
[19]Standards Australia Committee.BD/1.AS4100:1998Steel structures[S].Sydney:Standards Australia,1998.
[20]American Institution of Steel Construction.Specification for Structural Steel Buildings[S].Chicago:AISC,2005.
[21]李国强,吕慧宝,张超.Q690钢材高温后的力学性能试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2017,38(5):109-116.Li Guoqiang,LüHuibao,Zhang Chao.Experimental research on post-fire mechanical properties of Q690steel[J].Journal of Building Structures,2017,38(5):109-116(in Chinese).
[2]罗永峰,任楚超,强旭红,等.高强钢结构抗火研究进展[J].天津大学学报:自然科学与工程技术版,2016,49(增):104-121.Luo Yongfeng,Ren Chuchao,Qiang Xuhong,et al.State-of-the-art on fire-resistance behavior of high strength steel strructures[J].Journal of Tianjin University:Science and Technology,2016,49(Suppl):104-121(in Chinese).
[3]丁发兴,余志武,温海林.高温后Q235钢材力学性能试验研究[J].建筑材料学报,2006,9(2):245-249.Ding Faxing,Yu Zhiwu,Wen Hailin.Experimental research on mechanical properties of Q235 steel after high temperature treatment[J].Journal of Building Materials,2006,9(2):245-249(in Chinese).
[4]张有桔,朱跃,赵升,等.高温后不同冷却条件下钢材力学性能试验研究[J].结构工程师,2009,25(5):108-113.Zhang Youjie,Zhu Yue,Zhao Sheng,et al.Experimental research on mechanical properties of steel cooled in different modes after high temperature treatment[J].Structural Engineers,2009,25(5):108-113(in Chinese).
[5]陈建锋,曹平周.高温后结构钢力学性能试验[J].解放军理工大学:自然科学版,2010,11(3):328-333.Chen Jianfeng,Cao Pingzhou.Experimental investigation into mechanical properties of steel post high temperatures[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology:Natural Science Edition,2010,11(3):328-333(in Chinese).
[6]李国强,陈凯,蒋首超,等.高温下Q345钢的材料性能试验研究[J].建筑结构,2001,31(1):53-55.Li Guoqiang,Chen Kai,Jiang Shouchao,et al.Experimental study on material properties of Q345 steel at elevated temperatures[J].Building Structure,2001,31(1):53-55(in Chinese).
[7]屈立军,李焕群.Q420钢材高温强度试验研究[J].消防科学与技术,2004,23(3):223-225.Qu Lijun,Li Huanqun.Study on strength of Q420 steel section at elevated temperature[J].Fire Science and Technology,2004,23(3):223-225(in Chinese).
[8]Outinen J,Maekelaeinen P.Mechanical properties of structural steel at elevated temperatures[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Advances in Steel Structures.Hong Kong,China,2002:1103-1110.
[9]Outinen J,M?kel?inen P.Mechanical properties of structural steel at elevated temperatures and after cooling down[J].Fire&Materials,2004,28(2/3/4):237-251.
[10]王卫永,刘兵,李国强.高强度Q460钢材高温力学性能试验研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2012,32(增1):34-39.Wang Weiyong,Liu Bing,Li Guoqiang.Experimental study on mechanical properties of Q460 high strength steel at elevated temperature[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2012,32(S1):34-39(in Chinese).
[11]王卫永,刘天姿.高强Q460钢高温冷却后力学性能研究[J].建筑材料学报,2016,19(1):171-176.Wang Weiyong,Liu Tianzi.Study on mechanical properties of high strength Q460 steel after cooling from high temperature[J].Journal of Building Materials,2016,19(1):171-176(in Chinese).
[12]强旭红,吴钟艳,姜旭,等.高强结构钢S690高温力学性能[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2016,44(5):685-694.Qiang Xuhong,Wu Zhongyan,Jiang Xu,et al.Mechanical properties of high strength steel S690 at elevated temperatures[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2016,44(5):685-694(in Chinese).
[13]陈伟,叶继红.G550高强度冷成型钢高温力学性能稳态试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2012,45(6):33-42.Chen Wei,Ye Jihong.Steady state experimental investigation of G550 high strength cold-formed steel material at elevated temperatures[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2012,45(6):33-42(in Chinese).
[14]GB/T 228.1-2010金属材料拉伸试验第一部分:室温实验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.GB/T 228.1-2010 Metallic Materials-Tensile TestingPart 1:Method of Test at Room Temperature[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2010(in Chinese).
[15]范圣刚,郑家珵,孙文隽,等.S30408奥氏体不锈钢高温力学性能试验研究[J].工程力学,2017,34(4):167-176.Fan Shenggang,Zheng Jiacheng,Sun Wenjun,et al.Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of S30408 austenitic stainless steel at elevated temperatures[J].Engineering Mechanics,2017,34(4):167-176(in Chinese).
[16]范圣刚,张岁寒,孟畅.高温冷却后奥氏体不锈钢力学性能试验研究[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2017,51(12):2348-2354.Fan Shenggang,Zhang Suihan,Meng Chang.Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel with elevated temperature cooling[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2017,51(12):2348-2354(in Chinese).
[17]GB/T 4338-2006金属材料高温拉伸试验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.GB/T 4338-2006 Metallic Materials-Tensile Testing at Elevated Temperature[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2006(in Chinese).
[18]European Committee for Standardization.EN 1993-1-2Eurocode 3-Design of Steel Structures-Part 1-2:General Rules-Structural Fire Design[S].Brussels:CEN,2005.
[19]Standards Australia Committee.BD/1.AS4100:1998Steel structures[S].Sydney:Standards Australia,1998.
[20]American Institution of Steel Construction.Specification for Structural Steel Buildings[S].Chicago:AISC,2005.
[21]李国强,吕慧宝,张超.Q690钢材高温后的力学性能试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2017,38(5):109-116.Li Guoqiang,LüHuibao,Zhang Chao.Experimental research on post-fire mechanical properties of Q690steel[J].Journal of Building Structures,2017,38(5):109-116(in Chinese).
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