我国牧草产品生产、贸易现状及启示
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摘要
当前中国传统农牧业靠"精料+秸秆"的饲养模式已经走不通,只有依靠草牧业才能保证我国的消费需求及食品安全。然而受政策、基设、科技、市场、组织因素制约,我国牧草产业发展现状不容乐观。本文深入分析我国牧草生产、商品草生产、草种生产、牧草产品贸易、不同类型牧草产品进出口量、牧草产品贸易伙伴现状及背后成因,得出我国牧草产品供不应求需要从国外大量进口、进口呈现急剧增长趋势而出口总体呈现下滑趋势、牧草贸易市场集中度高而草种贸易伙伴国较分散三个结论,和加大政策支持、推进基础建设、增加科研投入、加强市场建设、发展产业组织五个启示,以期为我国牧草产业发展提供理论指导。
At present,China's traditional agriculture and animal husbandry has no way to rely on the "fine fodder+ straw" feeding model.Only relying on grass and animal husbandry can guarantee China's consumer demand and food safety.However,due to the restraints such as policy,infrastructure,technology,market and organizational factors,the"lacking"status of China's pasture industry is not optimistic.In this paper,we analyze the pasture production,commercial grass production,grass seed production,forage product trade,the import and export volume of different types of pasture products,the current status of pastoral products trading partners and the causes behind it in depth.And concluded that the supply of forage products in China needs to be imported.Imports are growing while exports are generally declining,the pasture trade market is highly concentrated while grassland trading partners are dispersed.Five suggestions are given to provide theoretical guidance for the development of China's pasture industry:increase policy support,promote infrastructure,increase investment in scientific research,strengthen market construction,and develop industrial organizations.
At present,China's traditional agriculture and animal husbandry has no way to rely on the "fine fodder+ straw" feeding model.Only relying on grass and animal husbandry can guarantee China's consumer demand and food safety.However,due to the restraints such as policy,infrastructure,technology,market and organizational factors,the"lacking"status of China's pasture industry is not optimistic.In this paper,we analyze the pasture production,commercial grass production,grass seed production,forage product trade,the import and export volume of different types of pasture products,the current status of pastoral products trading partners and the causes behind it in depth.And concluded that the supply of forage products in China needs to be imported.Imports are growing while exports are generally declining,the pasture trade market is highly concentrated while grassland trading partners are dispersed.Five suggestions are given to provide theoretical guidance for the development of China's pasture industry:increase policy support,promote infrastructure,increase investment in scientific research,strengthen market construction,and develop industrial organizations.
引文
[1]石自忠,王明利,刘亚钊.我国牧草产业国际竞争力分析[J].草业科学,2018,35(10):2530-2539
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[4]石自忠,王明利.苜蓿与竞争农作物投入产出的比较[J].草业科学,2013,30(08):1259-1265
[5]卢欣石.中国草产业的发展历程与机遇[J].草地学报,2015,23(1):1-4
[6]全国畜牧总站.中国草业统计[R].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2001-2016
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[8]崔姹,王明利,胡向东.我国草牧业推进现状、问题及政策建议——基于山西、青海草牧业试点典型区域的调研[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018(03):73-80+156
[9]王明利,杨春,胡向东,石自忠.关于苜蓿产业发展对粮食安全影响的政治经济学思考[J].草业科学,2012,29(12):1936-1940
[10]中华人民共和国农业部.农业部关于印发《全国草食畜牧业发展规划(2016—2020年)》的通知[EB/OL].http://www.moa.gov.cn/nybgb/2016/dibaqi/201712/t20171219_6102799.htm.2016-7-6/2018-11-06
[11]中华人民共和国农业部.农业部关于印发《全国苜蓿产业发展规划(2016—2020年)》的通知[EB/OL].http://www.moa.gov.cn/nybgb/2017/dyiq/201712/t20171227_6129812.htm.2016-12-27/2018-11-06
[12]刘加文.大力发展中国草种业[J].草地学报,2016,24(03):483-484
[13]王国刚,王明利,王济民,杨春,汪武静.中国南方牧草产业发展基础、前景与建议[J].草业科学,2015,32(12):2114-2121
[14]石自忠,王明利,胡向东,崔姹.我国牧草种植成本收益变化与比较[J].草业科学,2017,34(04):902-911
[15]卢欣石.我国苜蓿商品草产业发展现状与思考[J].中国奶牛,2013(15):3-6
[16]孙启忠,玉柱,马春晖,徐春城.我国苜蓿产业过去10年发展成就与未来10年发展重点[J].草业科学,2013,30(03):471-477
[17]郭婷,白娟,王建国.刍议我国苜蓿草产业发展现状与对策[J].中国草地学报,2018,40(04):111-115
[18]孙启忠,陶雅,徐丽君.刍议苜蓿产业中的风险及其应对策略[J].草业科学,2013,30(10):1676-1684
[19]杨敦启.苜蓿草产业化还有很长的路要走[J].中国畜牧业,2014(23):31-31
[20]王红霞,曹志东,向金城,付萍.定西市草产业现状及转型发展对策[J].草业科学,2018,35(07):1811-181
[21]汪武静,王明利,吕官旺,刘玉凤,石自忠.美国苜蓿贸易——趋势、经验与启示[J].草业科学,2016,33(03):527-534
[22]李瑜.我国苜蓿产业发展状况及对策研究[J].科技信息科学教研,2007(32):307-307
[23]董志国.论苜蓿产业化的地位和作用[J].现代农业科技,2008(11):289-291
[24]翟夏杰,张蕴薇,黄顶,王堃.中美牧草育种的现状与异同[J].草业科学,2016,33(06):1213-1221
[2]于康震.适应新形势抓住新机遇开创“十三五”草牧业发展新局面[J].草地学报,2016,24(04):715-717
[3]中华人民共和国农业部.《关于促进草牧业发展的指导意见》[EB/OL].http://www.moa.gov.cn/govpublic/XMYS/201605/t20160509_5122205.htm.2016-05-06/2018-11-06
[4]石自忠,王明利.苜蓿与竞争农作物投入产出的比较[J].草业科学,2013,30(08):1259-1265
[5]卢欣石.中国草产业的发展历程与机遇[J].草地学报,2015,23(1):1-4
[6]全国畜牧总站.中国草业统计[R].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2001-2016
[7]UN Comtrade Database[EB/OL].https://comtradc.un.org/.2017-01-25/2018-11-06
[8]崔姹,王明利,胡向东.我国草牧业推进现状、问题及政策建议——基于山西、青海草牧业试点典型区域的调研[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018(03):73-80+156
[9]王明利,杨春,胡向东,石自忠.关于苜蓿产业发展对粮食安全影响的政治经济学思考[J].草业科学,2012,29(12):1936-1940
[10]中华人民共和国农业部.农业部关于印发《全国草食畜牧业发展规划(2016—2020年)》的通知[EB/OL].http://www.moa.gov.cn/nybgb/2016/dibaqi/201712/t20171219_6102799.htm.2016-7-6/2018-11-06
[11]中华人民共和国农业部.农业部关于印发《全国苜蓿产业发展规划(2016—2020年)》的通知[EB/OL].http://www.moa.gov.cn/nybgb/2017/dyiq/201712/t20171227_6129812.htm.2016-12-27/2018-11-06
[12]刘加文.大力发展中国草种业[J].草地学报,2016,24(03):483-484
[13]王国刚,王明利,王济民,杨春,汪武静.中国南方牧草产业发展基础、前景与建议[J].草业科学,2015,32(12):2114-2121
[14]石自忠,王明利,胡向东,崔姹.我国牧草种植成本收益变化与比较[J].草业科学,2017,34(04):902-911
[15]卢欣石.我国苜蓿商品草产业发展现状与思考[J].中国奶牛,2013(15):3-6
[16]孙启忠,玉柱,马春晖,徐春城.我国苜蓿产业过去10年发展成就与未来10年发展重点[J].草业科学,2013,30(03):471-477
[17]郭婷,白娟,王建国.刍议我国苜蓿草产业发展现状与对策[J].中国草地学报,2018,40(04):111-115
[18]孙启忠,陶雅,徐丽君.刍议苜蓿产业中的风险及其应对策略[J].草业科学,2013,30(10):1676-1684
[19]杨敦启.苜蓿草产业化还有很长的路要走[J].中国畜牧业,2014(23):31-31
[20]王红霞,曹志东,向金城,付萍.定西市草产业现状及转型发展对策[J].草业科学,2018,35(07):1811-181
[21]汪武静,王明利,吕官旺,刘玉凤,石自忠.美国苜蓿贸易——趋势、经验与启示[J].草业科学,2016,33(03):527-534
[22]李瑜.我国苜蓿产业发展状况及对策研究[J].科技信息科学教研,2007(32):307-307
[23]董志国.论苜蓿产业化的地位和作用[J].现代农业科技,2008(11):289-291
[24]翟夏杰,张蕴薇,黄顶,王堃.中美牧草育种的现状与异同[J].草业科学,2016,33(06):1213-1221