四种石油分散液对栉孔扇贝和刺参的急性毒性研究
|
摘要
选择栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)和刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)作为受试生物,采用半静态试验法测定了原油、燃料油分散液(WAF)以及添加消油剂后的乳化液(DWAF)对两种生物的毒性效应。采用概率单位算法并利用SPSS 13.0进行数据处理,计算出96h-LC_(50)。结果表明,4种石油烃对栉孔扇贝和刺参的96h-LC_(50)为:DWAF_(燃料油)(1.14 mg/L,0.16 mg/L)>DWAF_(原油)(1.39 mg/L,0.74 mg/L)>WAF_(燃料油)(1.80 mg/L,4.10 mg/L)>WAF_(原油)(3.40 mg/L,6.44 mg/L)。4种石油分散液对两种生物均有明显致毒效应;轻质油(燃料油)的毒性效应较重质油(原油)大;加入消油剂后石油烃毒性增强,并且对刺参的毒性增强更明显,建议使用栉孔扇贝和刺参共同评估海洋溢油生态损害。
In this study,the acute toxic effects of the water-soluble fraction of crude and fuel oil with or without dispersants were investigated,using chlamys farreri and apostichopus japonicus as test organisms.The 96 h-LC_(50) values for chlamys farreri and apostichopus japonicus were resulted:fuel oil with dispersants(1.14 mg/L,0.16 mg/L) > crude oil with dispersants(1.39 mg/L,0.74 mg/L) >fuel oil without dispersants(1.80 mg/L,4.10 mg/L) > crude oil without dispersants(3.40 mg/L,6.44 mg/L).It is showed that the test substances had significant toxicity on the chlamys farreri and the apostichopus japonicas:the toxicity of the light oil(fuel oil) is higher than that of the heavy oil(crude oil) and the oil dispersants could make the toxicity much more higher,especially for apostichopus japonicus.The results also indicated that chlamys farreri and apostichopus japonicus were the proper test organisms for ecological risk assessment of marine oil spills.
In this study,the acute toxic effects of the water-soluble fraction of crude and fuel oil with or without dispersants were investigated,using chlamys farreri and apostichopus japonicus as test organisms.The 96 h-LC_(50) values for chlamys farreri and apostichopus japonicus were resulted:fuel oil with dispersants(1.14 mg/L,0.16 mg/L) > crude oil with dispersants(1.39 mg/L,0.74 mg/L) >fuel oil without dispersants(1.80 mg/L,4.10 mg/L) > crude oil without dispersants(3.40 mg/L,6.44 mg/L).It is showed that the test substances had significant toxicity on the chlamys farreri and the apostichopus japonicas:the toxicity of the light oil(fuel oil) is higher than that of the heavy oil(crude oil) and the oil dispersants could make the toxicity much more higher,especially for apostichopus japonicus.The results also indicated that chlamys farreri and apostichopus japonicus were the proper test organisms for ecological risk assessment of marine oil spills.
引文
[1] 彭小明,周后珍,谢翼飞,等.石油类突发水污染事故应急处理技术研究进展[J].安全与环境学报,2011,11(5):240-244.
[2] 韩方园,杨开亮,邢小丽,等.几种溢油分散剂对斑马鱼的急性毒性效应[J].上海海事大学学报,2010,31(3):86-89.
[3] NORDTUG T,OLSEN A J,ALTIN D,et al.Oil droplets do not affect assimilation and survival probability of first feeding larvae of North-East Arctic cod[J].Science of the Total Environment,2011,412/413:148-153.
[4] 杨庆霄,高光智.化学消油剂对孔石莼生长影响的研究[J].海洋学报,1997,19(3):45-49.
[5] 贾新苗,张彤,田胜艳.海洋环境中溢油与沉积物间的相互作用研究概述[J].海洋信息,2016(3):34-42.
[6] 夏文香,杨乐,叶志波,等.化学分散剂对海洋溢油与颗粒物之间相互作用的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2016,35(4):623-627.
[7] FINGAS M F.The basics of oil spill cleanup[J].Journal of Fusion Energy,2001,12(1-2):53-57.
[8] WILSON K G,RALPH P J.Laboratory testing protocol for the impact of dispersed petrochemicals on seagrass[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2012,64(11):2421-2427.
[9] KAHLE T,ZAUKE G P.Bioaccumulation of trace metals in the copepod Calanoides acutus from the Weddell sea (Antarctica):comparison of two-compartment and hyperbolic toxicokinetic models[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2002,59(1/2):115-135.
[10] 陈皓鋆,房建孟,印春生,等.经消油剂处理的石油水溶组分对刺参幼参的急性毒性研究[J].海洋环境科学,2012,31(3):414-417.
[11] 贾晓平,林钦,蔡文贵,等.原油和燃油对南海重要海水增养殖生物的急性毒性试验[J].水产学报,2000,24(1):32-36.
[12] GB 17378.7-1998,海洋监测规范第7部分:近海污染生态调查和生物监测[S].
[13] GB/T 18420.2-2009,海洋石油勘探开发污染物生物毒性第2部分:检验方法[S].
[14] WIDDOWS J,NASCI C,FOSSATO V U.Effects of pollution on the scope for growth of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Venice Lagoon,Italy[J].Marine Environmental Research,1997,43(1/2):69-79.
[15] 韩刚.东海大规模赤潮对中华哲水蚤和黑褐新糠虾的生态毒理学研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2006.
[16] 薛秋红,孙耀,王修林,等.紫贻贝对石油烃的生物富集动力学参数的测定[J].海洋水产研究,2001,22(1):32-36.
[17] 许贻斌,郑惠东,陈宇锋,等.石油烃分散液对华贵栉孔扇贝(Chlamys nobilis)的急性毒性影响[J].福建水产,2014,36(6):446-452.
[18] 陈建华,阎斌伦,李盈蕾,等.石油烃和镉对毛蚶的急性毒性与联合毒性效应研究[J].水生态学杂志,2010,3(3):85-89.
[19] 高象贤,刘兴盛.重金属及石油对刺参幼虫及稚参阶段的亚致死影响[J].水产科学,1987,6(3):4-8.
[20] 吕福荣.石油烃污染对马粪海胆的毒性效应及分子机制研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2009.
[21] 高亚丽,朱睿,吕昕璐,等.生物降解型消油剂处理燃料油对黄海胆(Glyptocidaris crenularis)胚胎发育的影响[J].海洋科学进展,2014,32(4):535-542.
[22] 杨柏林,吕昕璐,高翔,等.消油剂和120#船舶燃料油对海胆胚胎发育的复合毒性影响[J].海洋环境科学,2013,32(6):814-817.
[23] 钱国栋,赵宇鹏.消油剂对环境生物毒性评价研究[J].船海工程,2014,43(5):108-111.
[24] RAMU K,KAJIWARA N,SUDARYANTO A,et al.Asian mussel watch program:contamination status of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorines in coastal waters of Asian countries[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2007,41(13):4580-4586.
[2] 韩方园,杨开亮,邢小丽,等.几种溢油分散剂对斑马鱼的急性毒性效应[J].上海海事大学学报,2010,31(3):86-89.
[3] NORDTUG T,OLSEN A J,ALTIN D,et al.Oil droplets do not affect assimilation and survival probability of first feeding larvae of North-East Arctic cod[J].Science of the Total Environment,2011,412/413:148-153.
[4] 杨庆霄,高光智.化学消油剂对孔石莼生长影响的研究[J].海洋学报,1997,19(3):45-49.
[5] 贾新苗,张彤,田胜艳.海洋环境中溢油与沉积物间的相互作用研究概述[J].海洋信息,2016(3):34-42.
[6] 夏文香,杨乐,叶志波,等.化学分散剂对海洋溢油与颗粒物之间相互作用的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2016,35(4):623-627.
[7] FINGAS M F.The basics of oil spill cleanup[J].Journal of Fusion Energy,2001,12(1-2):53-57.
[8] WILSON K G,RALPH P J.Laboratory testing protocol for the impact of dispersed petrochemicals on seagrass[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2012,64(11):2421-2427.
[9] KAHLE T,ZAUKE G P.Bioaccumulation of trace metals in the copepod Calanoides acutus from the Weddell sea (Antarctica):comparison of two-compartment and hyperbolic toxicokinetic models[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2002,59(1/2):115-135.
[10] 陈皓鋆,房建孟,印春生,等.经消油剂处理的石油水溶组分对刺参幼参的急性毒性研究[J].海洋环境科学,2012,31(3):414-417.
[11] 贾晓平,林钦,蔡文贵,等.原油和燃油对南海重要海水增养殖生物的急性毒性试验[J].水产学报,2000,24(1):32-36.
[12] GB 17378.7-1998,海洋监测规范第7部分:近海污染生态调查和生物监测[S].
[13] GB/T 18420.2-2009,海洋石油勘探开发污染物生物毒性第2部分:检验方法[S].
[14] WIDDOWS J,NASCI C,FOSSATO V U.Effects of pollution on the scope for growth of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Venice Lagoon,Italy[J].Marine Environmental Research,1997,43(1/2):69-79.
[15] 韩刚.东海大规模赤潮对中华哲水蚤和黑褐新糠虾的生态毒理学研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2006.
[16] 薛秋红,孙耀,王修林,等.紫贻贝对石油烃的生物富集动力学参数的测定[J].海洋水产研究,2001,22(1):32-36.
[17] 许贻斌,郑惠东,陈宇锋,等.石油烃分散液对华贵栉孔扇贝(Chlamys nobilis)的急性毒性影响[J].福建水产,2014,36(6):446-452.
[18] 陈建华,阎斌伦,李盈蕾,等.石油烃和镉对毛蚶的急性毒性与联合毒性效应研究[J].水生态学杂志,2010,3(3):85-89.
[19] 高象贤,刘兴盛.重金属及石油对刺参幼虫及稚参阶段的亚致死影响[J].水产科学,1987,6(3):4-8.
[20] 吕福荣.石油烃污染对马粪海胆的毒性效应及分子机制研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2009.
[21] 高亚丽,朱睿,吕昕璐,等.生物降解型消油剂处理燃料油对黄海胆(Glyptocidaris crenularis)胚胎发育的影响[J].海洋科学进展,2014,32(4):535-542.
[22] 杨柏林,吕昕璐,高翔,等.消油剂和120#船舶燃料油对海胆胚胎发育的复合毒性影响[J].海洋环境科学,2013,32(6):814-817.
[23] 钱国栋,赵宇鹏.消油剂对环境生物毒性评价研究[J].船海工程,2014,43(5):108-111.
[24] RAMU K,KAJIWARA N,SUDARYANTO A,et al.Asian mussel watch program:contamination status of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorines in coastal waters of Asian countries[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2007,41(13):4580-4586.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |