氯化钙与1-甲基环丙烯对伽师瓜果实软化与果胶酶活性及其基因表达影响
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摘要
筛选抑制伽师瓜果实后熟的最佳氯化钙与1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)处理浓度,分析其在贮藏过程中呼吸速率、乙烯释放量、果实硬度、果肉质构特性、果胶水解酶(多聚半乳糖醛酸酶PG、果胶甲酯酶PME和果胶酸裂解酶PL)活力及相关基因表达。结果表明,氯化钙,1-MCP均能降低果实的呼吸速率与乙烯释放量,并能推迟与抑制它们的跃变现象。果实硬度与原果胶含量呈正相关,与可溶性果胶含量呈负相关。对照组原果胶含量较处理组低,可溶性果胶含量较处理组高; PG、PME和PL酶活性及其基因表达量呈正向协同,对照组3种酶的活性与酶基因表达量均出现跃变峰,处理组则变化缓慢。氯化钙与1-MCP联合使用能更强更稳定地抑制果实的呼吸强度、乙烯释放量及原果胶水解,更好地延缓果实的软化。
The optimal concentrations of calcium chloride and 1-methylcyclopropene( 1-MCP) to inhibit Jiashi melon ripening were selected. The respiratory rate,the amount of ethylene released,hardness,texture characteristics of the fruit,as well as pectinase activity( galacturonic acid enzyme PG,polymer methyl pectin enzyme PME,and pectin lyase PL) and their gene expressions during storage were examined. The results showed that in comparison to the control group,both calcium chloride and 1-MCP could reduce the respiratory rate and the amount of released ethylene. Additionally,calcium chloride and 1-MCP delayed and suppressed their climacteric changes. Moreover,fruit hardness was positively correlated with propectin level and negatively correlated with soluble pectin level. It was found that the propectin level in the control group was lower than that in the treatment group,while the soluble pectin content showed opposite. Enzyme activities of PG,PME,and PL,and their gene expressions were positively correlated.Activities of all these three enzymes and their gene expressions showed sharp peaks in the control group,but the treatment group changed slowly. Using calcium chloride combined with 1-MCP had much stronger and stable inhibitory effects on the respiratory strength,level of released ethylene,and propectin hydrolysis,which could better delay fruit softening.
The optimal concentrations of calcium chloride and 1-methylcyclopropene( 1-MCP) to inhibit Jiashi melon ripening were selected. The respiratory rate,the amount of ethylene released,hardness,texture characteristics of the fruit,as well as pectinase activity( galacturonic acid enzyme PG,polymer methyl pectin enzyme PME,and pectin lyase PL) and their gene expressions during storage were examined. The results showed that in comparison to the control group,both calcium chloride and 1-MCP could reduce the respiratory rate and the amount of released ethylene. Additionally,calcium chloride and 1-MCP delayed and suppressed their climacteric changes. Moreover,fruit hardness was positively correlated with propectin level and negatively correlated with soluble pectin level. It was found that the propectin level in the control group was lower than that in the treatment group,while the soluble pectin content showed opposite. Enzyme activities of PG,PME,and PL,and their gene expressions were positively correlated.Activities of all these three enzymes and their gene expressions showed sharp peaks in the control group,but the treatment group changed slowly. Using calcium chloride combined with 1-MCP had much stronger and stable inhibitory effects on the respiratory strength,level of released ethylene,and propectin hydrolysis,which could better delay fruit softening.
引文
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[6]邓佳,史正军,王连春,等.钙处理对葡萄柚果实细胞壁物质代谢及其相关基因表达的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):450-458.
[7]王建军,周雅涵,曾凯芳.乙烯催熟对采后果实贮藏品质的影响[J].食品工业科技,2012,33(21):361-364.
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[9]郭子娟,曾凤,李雯.外源乙烯对“橡皮化”番木瓜果实品质及软化的影响[J].热带生物学报,2016,7(2):215-219.
[10]马文平,倪志婧,任贤,等. 1-MCP对“玉金香”甜瓜采后果实软化的作用机理[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版). 2012,40(2):103-108.
[11]吕双双,李天来,吴志刚,等.采前喷钙和采后浸钙对网纹甜瓜采后果实软化生理的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2009,25(2):346-350.
[12]李江阔,曹森,张鹏,等. 1-MCP采前处理对葡萄采后相关酶活性与品质的影响[J].食品科学,2014,35(22):270-275.
[13]齐秀东,魏建梅.冷藏和乙烯处理对采后苹果果实糖代谢及关键基因表达的调控[J].现代食品科技,2015,31(7):137-145.
[14] LI X,BI Y,WANG J J,et al. BTH treatment caused physiological, biochemical and proteomic changes of muskmelon(Cucumis melo L.)fruit during ripening[J].Journal of Proteomics,2015,120:179-193.
[15] CAMPS C,GUILLERMIN P,MAUGET J C,et al. Data analysis of penetrometric force/displacement curves for the characterization of whole apple fruits[J]. Journal of Texture Studies,2005,36(4):387-401.
[16]李明霞,韩建群,王琦,等.低强度微波处理对猕猴桃细胞壁降解酶活性的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2015,41(11):52-58.
[17]刘莉,高星,华德平,等.不同的质构检测方法对甜瓜果肉质构的评价[J].天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版),2016,49(8):875-881
[18]袁成龙,董晓颖,李培环,等. TPA质构分析硬肉桃果实采后质地变化[J].食品科学,2013,34(20):273-276
[19]纪淑娟,卜凤雅,周倩,等.冷藏对蓝莓果实细胞壁组分及其降解酶活性的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2014,40(6):199-204.
[20] FIGUEROA C R,HERNAN G,ROSLI CIVELLO P M,et al. Changes in cell wall polysaccharides and cell wall degrading enzymes during ripening of Fragaria chiloensis and Fragaria xananassa fruits[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2010,124(4):454-462.
[21]刘耀娜,王毅,毕阳,等.采前乙酰水杨酸处理对厚皮甜瓜果实后熟及软化的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(10):1 862-1 872.
[22] LYNGUYEN B,VANLOEY A M,FACHIN D,et al. Partial purification,characterization,and thermal and highpressure inactivation of pectin methylesterase from carrots(Daucus carrota L.)[J]. Journal of Agricultural&Food Chemistry,2002,50(19):37-44,54.
[23]李圆圆,罗安伟,李琳,等.采前CPPU处理对秦美猕猴桃贮藏期间果实硬度及细胞壁降解的影响[J].食品科学,2017,22(11):1-9.
[24] PAYASI A,MISRA P C,SANWAL G G,et al. Effect of phytohormones on pectate lyase activity in ripening Musa acuminata[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2004,42(11):861-865.
[25] HAN Y,ZHU Q G,ZHANG Z K,et al. Analysis of Xyloglucan Endotransglycosyl-ase/Hydrolase(XTH)genes and diverse roles of isoenzymes during persimmon fruit development and postharvest softening[J]. PLo S One,2015,10(4):e0123 668.
[26]易美君,孔静,许昕,等.低温贮藏期间‘长富2’果实细胞壁酶及基因表达的变化[J].食品与发酵工业,2017,43(3):254-258.
[27]袁沙,李华佳,朱永清,等.‘红阳’猕猴桃乙烯催熟特性[J].食品科学,2018,39(9):244-251.
[28] ORTIZ A,GRAELL J,LARA I,et al. PREHARVEST calcium applications inhibit some cell wall-modifying enzyme activities and delay cell wall disassembly at commercial harvest of ‘Fuji Kiku-8’apples[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2011,62(2):161-167.
[29]李天来,吕双双,吴志刚,等.硝酸钙对网纹甜瓜果实软化及其相关生理因素的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2009,40(4):387-391.
[30] SUNNY G G,SANDY V B,VERLINDEN B E,et al. Pectin modifications and the role of pectin-degrading enzymes during postharvest softening of Jonagold apples. Food Chemistry,2014,158:283-291.
[31] WEI J M,MA F W,W SHI S G,et al. Changes and the postharvest regulation in the activity and gene expression of enzymes related to cell wall degradation in ripening apple fruit[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2010,56(2):147-154.
[32] BRUMMELL D A,CIN V D,CRISOSTO C H,et al. Cell wall metabolism during maturation,ripening and senescence of peach fruit[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,2004,55(405):2 029-2 039.
[2]王中凤.细胞壁分解酶与果实软化的关系研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(18):126-130.
[3] ALI Z M,CHIN L H,LAZAN H. Comparative study on wall degrading enzymes pectin modifications and softening during ripening of selected tropical fruits[J]. Plant Science,2004,167(2):317-327.
[4]李天来,吕双双,许传强,等.钙在乙烯促进网纹甜瓜果实软化过程中的作用[J].园艺学报,2009,36(6):821-828.
[5] CHARDONNET C O,CHARRON C S,SAMS C E,et al.Chemical changes in the cortical tissue and cell walls of calcium-infiltrated‘Golden Deliciuous’apples during storage[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2003,28(1):97-111.
[6]邓佳,史正军,王连春,等.钙处理对葡萄柚果实细胞壁物质代谢及其相关基因表达的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):450-458.
[7]王建军,周雅涵,曾凯芳.乙烯催熟对采后果实贮藏品质的影响[J].食品工业科技,2012,33(21):361-364.
[8] TADIELLO A,ZIOSI V,NEGRI A S,et al. On the role of ethylene,auxin and a GOLVEN-like peptide hormone in the regulation of peach ripening[J]. BMC Plant Biology,2016,16(1):44.
[9]郭子娟,曾凤,李雯.外源乙烯对“橡皮化”番木瓜果实品质及软化的影响[J].热带生物学报,2016,7(2):215-219.
[10]马文平,倪志婧,任贤,等. 1-MCP对“玉金香”甜瓜采后果实软化的作用机理[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版). 2012,40(2):103-108.
[11]吕双双,李天来,吴志刚,等.采前喷钙和采后浸钙对网纹甜瓜采后果实软化生理的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2009,25(2):346-350.
[12]李江阔,曹森,张鹏,等. 1-MCP采前处理对葡萄采后相关酶活性与品质的影响[J].食品科学,2014,35(22):270-275.
[13]齐秀东,魏建梅.冷藏和乙烯处理对采后苹果果实糖代谢及关键基因表达的调控[J].现代食品科技,2015,31(7):137-145.
[14] LI X,BI Y,WANG J J,et al. BTH treatment caused physiological, biochemical and proteomic changes of muskmelon(Cucumis melo L.)fruit during ripening[J].Journal of Proteomics,2015,120:179-193.
[15] CAMPS C,GUILLERMIN P,MAUGET J C,et al. Data analysis of penetrometric force/displacement curves for the characterization of whole apple fruits[J]. Journal of Texture Studies,2005,36(4):387-401.
[16]李明霞,韩建群,王琦,等.低强度微波处理对猕猴桃细胞壁降解酶活性的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2015,41(11):52-58.
[17]刘莉,高星,华德平,等.不同的质构检测方法对甜瓜果肉质构的评价[J].天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版),2016,49(8):875-881
[18]袁成龙,董晓颖,李培环,等. TPA质构分析硬肉桃果实采后质地变化[J].食品科学,2013,34(20):273-276
[19]纪淑娟,卜凤雅,周倩,等.冷藏对蓝莓果实细胞壁组分及其降解酶活性的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2014,40(6):199-204.
[20] FIGUEROA C R,HERNAN G,ROSLI CIVELLO P M,et al. Changes in cell wall polysaccharides and cell wall degrading enzymes during ripening of Fragaria chiloensis and Fragaria xananassa fruits[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2010,124(4):454-462.
[21]刘耀娜,王毅,毕阳,等.采前乙酰水杨酸处理对厚皮甜瓜果实后熟及软化的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(10):1 862-1 872.
[22] LYNGUYEN B,VANLOEY A M,FACHIN D,et al. Partial purification,characterization,and thermal and highpressure inactivation of pectin methylesterase from carrots(Daucus carrota L.)[J]. Journal of Agricultural&Food Chemistry,2002,50(19):37-44,54.
[23]李圆圆,罗安伟,李琳,等.采前CPPU处理对秦美猕猴桃贮藏期间果实硬度及细胞壁降解的影响[J].食品科学,2017,22(11):1-9.
[24] PAYASI A,MISRA P C,SANWAL G G,et al. Effect of phytohormones on pectate lyase activity in ripening Musa acuminata[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2004,42(11):861-865.
[25] HAN Y,ZHU Q G,ZHANG Z K,et al. Analysis of Xyloglucan Endotransglycosyl-ase/Hydrolase(XTH)genes and diverse roles of isoenzymes during persimmon fruit development and postharvest softening[J]. PLo S One,2015,10(4):e0123 668.
[26]易美君,孔静,许昕,等.低温贮藏期间‘长富2’果实细胞壁酶及基因表达的变化[J].食品与发酵工业,2017,43(3):254-258.
[27]袁沙,李华佳,朱永清,等.‘红阳’猕猴桃乙烯催熟特性[J].食品科学,2018,39(9):244-251.
[28] ORTIZ A,GRAELL J,LARA I,et al. PREHARVEST calcium applications inhibit some cell wall-modifying enzyme activities and delay cell wall disassembly at commercial harvest of ‘Fuji Kiku-8’apples[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2011,62(2):161-167.
[29]李天来,吕双双,吴志刚,等.硝酸钙对网纹甜瓜果实软化及其相关生理因素的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2009,40(4):387-391.
[30] SUNNY G G,SANDY V B,VERLINDEN B E,et al. Pectin modifications and the role of pectin-degrading enzymes during postharvest softening of Jonagold apples. Food Chemistry,2014,158:283-291.
[31] WEI J M,MA F W,W SHI S G,et al. Changes and the postharvest regulation in the activity and gene expression of enzymes related to cell wall degradation in ripening apple fruit[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2010,56(2):147-154.
[32] BRUMMELL D A,CIN V D,CRISOSTO C H,et al. Cell wall metabolism during maturation,ripening and senescence of peach fruit[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,2004,55(405):2 029-2 039.
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