隆宝滩沼泽湿地不同区域的甲烷通量特征及影响因素
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摘要
高寒湿地是大气中甲烷(CH_4)重要的排放源,气温升高和水位波动会对脆弱的高寒湿地CH_4排放产生影响。为了解高寒湿地不同区域CH_4通量特征以及差异,以位于青藏高原中部的隆宝滩湿地为研究对象,分别在湿地中的湿地区域(WA)、过渡带区域(TA)、平坦地区域(FA),使用便携式温室气体分析仪原位观测CH_4通量的变化,分析和确定高寒湿地CH_4排放的时空异质性及其影响因素。结果表明,WA和TA是CH_4排放源,在生长旺季(7-9月)CH_4通量的日变化特征为单峰型,峰值出现在午后(14:00-15:00),FA表现为CH_4的"汇",其日变化特征较不明显。3个区域的CH_4通量有显著的季节变化差异(P<0.05),WA、TA和FA的CH_4通量峰值分别出现在7月、8月和8月,峰值分别为25.46、25.13、-0.42 nmol?m~(-2)?s~(-1)。测定期间,WA、TA和FA的CH_4通量均值分别为905.75、581.58、-9.02μg?m~(-2)?h~(-1),差异显著(P<0.01),其变异系数分别为63.5%、76.3%、85.9%。Pearson相关分析表明,3个区域的CH_4通量均与土壤温度呈极显著相关(P<0.01),表明土壤温度是CH_4通量的重要影响因素。WA和FA的CH_4通量与土壤湿度呈显著相关(P<0.05),TA的CH_4通量与土壤湿度无显著相关性(P>0.05),但是TA不同土层Q10值均大于WA,表明TA的CH_4通量对土壤温度的变化比WA更敏感。
Alpine wetlands are important sources of atmospheric methane(CH_4). Temperature increase and fluctuations in water levels will affect CH_4 emissions from fragile alpine wetlands. In order to understand the characteristics and differences of CH_4 flux in different areas of alpine wetland, this study takes the Longbaotan wetland in the middle of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a research object, using ultra-portable greenhouse gas analyzer to observe the variations of CH_4 flux in wetland area(WA), transition area(TA)and flat area(FA) respectively, analyze and determine the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of CH_4 emissions in alpine wetlands and its influencing factors. The results showed that WA and TA were CH_4 emission sources. The diurnal variation of CH_4 flux was a monopeak curve at WA and TA sites during the growing season(July–September) and the peak appeared in the afternoon(14:00–15:00), whereas there was no significant diurnal variation at FA. The CH_4 fluxes for the three areas had significant seasonal variation(P<0.05), and the CH_4 flux peaks at WA, TA, and FA appeared in July, August and August, with peak values of 25.46, 25.13, and-0.42 nmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1), respectively. During the measurement period, the mean CH_4 fluxes of WA, TA and FA were 905.75, 581.58 and-9.02 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1), respectively. The CH_4 flux differences between WA, TA and FA were significant(P<0.01), and the coefficients of variation were 63.5%, 76.3% and 85.9%, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the CH_4 fluxes at the three areas were significantly correlated with soil temperature(P<0.01), indicating that soil temperature was an important factor affecting CH_4 fluxes. The CH_4 fluxes of WA and FA were significantly correlated with soil moisture(P<0.05), while the CH_4 fluxes of TA had no significant correlation with soil moisture(P>0.05). However, the Q10 values of different soil layers of TA were greater than those of WA, indicating that the CH_4 flux of TA was more sensitive to soil temperature than that of WA.
Alpine wetlands are important sources of atmospheric methane(CH_4). Temperature increase and fluctuations in water levels will affect CH_4 emissions from fragile alpine wetlands. In order to understand the characteristics and differences of CH_4 flux in different areas of alpine wetland, this study takes the Longbaotan wetland in the middle of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a research object, using ultra-portable greenhouse gas analyzer to observe the variations of CH_4 flux in wetland area(WA), transition area(TA)and flat area(FA) respectively, analyze and determine the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of CH_4 emissions in alpine wetlands and its influencing factors. The results showed that WA and TA were CH_4 emission sources. The diurnal variation of CH_4 flux was a monopeak curve at WA and TA sites during the growing season(July–September) and the peak appeared in the afternoon(14:00–15:00), whereas there was no significant diurnal variation at FA. The CH_4 fluxes for the three areas had significant seasonal variation(P<0.05), and the CH_4 flux peaks at WA, TA, and FA appeared in July, August and August, with peak values of 25.46, 25.13, and-0.42 nmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1), respectively. During the measurement period, the mean CH_4 fluxes of WA, TA and FA were 905.75, 581.58 and-9.02 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1), respectively. The CH_4 flux differences between WA, TA and FA were significant(P<0.01), and the coefficients of variation were 63.5%, 76.3% and 85.9%, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the CH_4 fluxes at the three areas were significantly correlated with soil temperature(P<0.01), indicating that soil temperature was an important factor affecting CH_4 fluxes. The CH_4 fluxes of WA and FA were significantly correlated with soil moisture(P<0.05), while the CH_4 fluxes of TA had no significant correlation with soil moisture(P>0.05). However, the Q10 values of different soil layers of TA were greater than those of WA, indicating that the CH_4 flux of TA was more sensitive to soil temperature than that of WA.
引文
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DING W X,CAI Z C,TSURUTA H,et al.,2003.Key factors affecting spatial variation of methane emissions from freshwater marshes[J].Chemosphere,51(3):167-173.
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HE G X,LI K I,LIU X J,et al.,2014.Fluxes of methane,carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide in an alpine wetland and an alpine grassland of the Tianshan Mountains,China[J].Journal of Arid Land,6(6):717-724.
HIROTA M,TANG Y H,HU Q W,et al.,2004.Methane emissions from different vegetation zones in a Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,36(5):737-748.
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LI S,SONG C C,LAFLEUR P M,et al.,2018.Wetland-atmosphere methane exchange in Northeast China:A comparison of permafrost peatland and freshwater wetlands[J].Agricultural Forest Meteorology,249:239-249.
LI Z G,LYU S H,ZHAO L,et al.,2015.Turbulent transfer coefficient and roughness length in a high-altitude lake,Tibetan Plateau[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,124(3-4):723-735.
LIU X,GUO Y D,HU H Q,et al.,2015.Dynamics and controls of CO2 and CH4 emissions in the wetland of a montane permafrost region,northeast China[J].Atmospheric Environment,122:454-462.
MALONE S L,STARR G,STAUDHAMMER C L,et al.,2013.Effects of simulated drought on the carbon balance of Everglades short-hydroperiod marsh[J].Global Chang Biology,19(8):2511-2523.
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URBANOVáZ,BáRTA J,PICEK T,2013.Methane emissions and methanogenic archaea on pristine,drained and restored mountain peatlands,central europe[J].Ecosystems,16(4):664-677.
VAN DEN POL-VAN DASSELAAR A,VAN BEUSICHEM M L,OENEMAO,1999.Determinants of spatial variability of methane emissions from wet grasslands on peat soil[J].Biogeochemistry,44(2):221-237.
WANG J F,WANG G X,HU H C,et al.,2010.The influence of degradation of the swamp and alpine meadows on CH4 and CO2 fluxes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,60(3):537-548.
WEI D,TARCHEN T,DAI D X,et al.,2015.Revisiting the role of CH4emissions from alpine wetlands on the Tibetan Plateau:Evidence from two in situ measurements at 4 758 and 4 320?m above sea level[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences,120(9):1741-1750.
WEST A,BROOKS P,FISK M,et al.,1999.Landscape patterns of CH4fluxes in an alpine tundra ecosystem[J].Biogeochemistry,45(3):243-264.
WHITING G J,CHANTON J P,1992.Plant‐dependent CH4 emission in a subarctic Canadian fen[J].Global Biogeochemical cycles,6(3):225-231.
YANG G,CHEN H,WU N,et al.,2014.Effects of soil warming,rainfall reduction and water table level on CH4 emissions from the Zoige peatland in China[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,78:83-89.
ZEDLER J B,KERCHER S,2005.Wetland resources:Status,Trends,Ecosystem Services,and Restorability[J].Annual Review of Environment and Resources,30:39-74.
ZHOU W C,CUI L J,WANG Y F,et al.,2017.Methane emissions from natural and drained peatlands in the Zoigê,eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Journal of Forestry Research,28(3):539-547.
葛瑞娟,宋长春,王丽丽,2011.湿地甲烷生物化学过程及影响因素的研究进展[J].土壤通报,42(1):229-235.GE R L,SONG C C,W L L,2011.Review on biochmical processes of methane and its impacting factors in wetlands[J].Chinese Iournal of Soil Science,42(1):229-235.
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