溶胶增强的化学Ni-P-SiO_2复合镀层
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摘要
采用在基础Ni-P镀液中直接加入溶胶SiO_2的新形式,结合溶胶-凝胶法和化学镀方法,于45钢基材表面成功制备了均匀的复合Ni-P-SiO_2镀层,对比研究了复合镀层与基础Ni-P镀层的显微组织结构、耐磨及耐腐蚀性。结果表明,加入溶胶SiO_2所制备的复合镀层较Ni-P镀层具有更加均匀、致密的显微形貌。当SiO_2溶胶加入量为2.1×10~(-3) mol/L、煅烧温度为400℃时,复合镀层具有最高显微硬度值668.54 HV_(0.025),最低摩擦系数0.279,最正腐蚀电位-0.449 7 V及最小腐蚀电流0.632 7×10~(-6) A·cm~(-2)。说明以该方法所制备的复合Ni-P-SiO_2镀层具有良好的耐磨、耐腐蚀性能,节省SiO_2原料用量,且不需要额外加入分散剂与稳定剂,减少长时间搅拌的能耗,对实际工业生产大有裨益。
Homogeneous nickel-phosphorus-silica(Ni-P-SiO_2) nanocomposite coatings were prepared on medium-carben steel 45# surfaces by a new process. This method was developed by combining sol-gel and electoless deposition technique to produce a composite coating containing well-dispersed SiO_2 nanoparticles. The SiO_2-sol solution was directly added to the electroless Ni-P solution to produce nanocomposite coating on the 45 steel substrate. The surface morphology and composition analysis were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(EDS), which confirmed the presence of silica in the coating matrix. The results showed co-deposited SiO_2 non-agglomerated nanoparticles with a more clean and compact surface. Therefore, this technique can effectively avoid the agglomeration of nanoparticles in the coating matrix. The microhardness and wear properties of Ni-P and Ni-P-SiO_2 composite coatings were evaluated and compared with each other. The hardness and wear resistance of Ni-P composite coatings increased in the presence of SiO_2 nanoparticles, whereas the maximum microhardness of 668 HV_(0.025), minimum coefficient of friction of 0.279, most positive corrosion potential of-0.449 7 V, and minimum corrosion current of 0.632 7×10~(-6) A·cm~(-2) were achieved with SiO_2 sol content of 2.1×10~(-3) mol/L with heat treated coating at 400 °C for 1 h. The results showed the Ni-P-SiO_2 composite coatings have good performances of anti-corrosion and wear resistant prepared by the method in the paper, which could save the SiO_2 consumption compared with the common method of silica nano powder addition, no deed of extra dispersant and stabilizer, and reducing long agitation. All of these are beneficial in actual industrial application.
Homogeneous nickel-phosphorus-silica(Ni-P-SiO_2) nanocomposite coatings were prepared on medium-carben steel 45# surfaces by a new process. This method was developed by combining sol-gel and electoless deposition technique to produce a composite coating containing well-dispersed SiO_2 nanoparticles. The SiO_2-sol solution was directly added to the electroless Ni-P solution to produce nanocomposite coating on the 45 steel substrate. The surface morphology and composition analysis were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(EDS), which confirmed the presence of silica in the coating matrix. The results showed co-deposited SiO_2 non-agglomerated nanoparticles with a more clean and compact surface. Therefore, this technique can effectively avoid the agglomeration of nanoparticles in the coating matrix. The microhardness and wear properties of Ni-P and Ni-P-SiO_2 composite coatings were evaluated and compared with each other. The hardness and wear resistance of Ni-P composite coatings increased in the presence of SiO_2 nanoparticles, whereas the maximum microhardness of 668 HV_(0.025), minimum coefficient of friction of 0.279, most positive corrosion potential of-0.449 7 V, and minimum corrosion current of 0.632 7×10~(-6) A·cm~(-2) were achieved with SiO_2 sol content of 2.1×10~(-3) mol/L with heat treated coating at 400 °C for 1 h. The results showed the Ni-P-SiO_2 composite coatings have good performances of anti-corrosion and wear resistant prepared by the method in the paper, which could save the SiO_2 consumption compared with the common method of silica nano powder addition, no deed of extra dispersant and stabilizer, and reducing long agitation. All of these are beneficial in actual industrial application.
引文
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[8] SADREDDINI S,SALEHI Z.,RASSAIE H.Characterization of Ni-P-SiO2 nano-composite coating on magnesium [J].Applied Surface Science,2015,324:393-398.
[9] BALARAJU J N,KALAVATI,RAJAM K S.Influence of particle size on the microstructure,hardness and corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-P-Al2O3 composite coatings [J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2006,200(12):3 933-3 941.
[10] XU H,YANG Z,LI M K.Synthesis and properties of electroless Ni-P-nanometer diamond composite coatings [J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2005,191(2):161-165.
[11] CHEN W X,TU J P,XU Z D,et al.Wear and friction of ni-P electroless composite coating including inorganic fullerene-WS2 nanoparticles [J].Advanced Engineering Materials,2002,4(9):686-690.
[12] SADEGHZADEH-ATTAR A,AYUBIKIA G,EHTESHAMZADEH M.Improvement in tribological behavior of novel sol-enhanced electroless Ni-P-SiO2 nanocomposite coatings[J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2016,307:837-848.
[13] 董栋,陈新华,杨广彬,等.化学镀Ni-P及Ni-P-SiO2复合镀层的制备及性能研究[C] //2009全国青年摩擦学学术会议论文集.长沙:中国机械工程学会,2009:538-543.
[14] 侯俊英.热处理对Ni-P-SiO2复合镀层性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2010,35(9):91-93.
[15] CHEN W W,GAO W,HE Y D.A novel electroless plating of Ni-P-TiO2 nano-composite coatings [J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2010,204(15):2 493-2 498.
[2] SUDARSHAN T S.表面改性技术:工程师指南[M].范玉殿,译.北京:清华大学出版社,1992:75-77.
[3] HASHEMI S H,ASHRAFI A.Characterisations of low phosphorus electroless Ni and composite electroless Ni-P-SiC coatings on A356 aluminium alloy [J].Transactions of the Institute of Metal Finishing,2018,96(1):52-56.
[4] SHAO M Q,CUI H T,GUO S Q,et al.Effects of calcination and reduction temperature on the properties of Ni-P/SiO2 and Ni-P/Al2O3 and their hydrodenitrogenation performance [J].Rsc Advances,2018,8(13):6 745-6 751.
[5] 朱昌洪,朱永伟,邵建兵,等.Ni/P金刚石化学复合镀层性能与组织研究 [J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2010,30(5):26-31,37.
[6] 吴迪,杨中东.钛合金表面Ni-P-PTFE自润滑复合镀层的制备及其摩擦磨损性能[J].材料保护,2017,50(3):38-42.
[7] 徐旭仲,赵丹,刘亭亭.纳米SiO2微粒对Ni-P-纳米SiO2复合镀层组织和性能的影响[J].电镀与环保,2018,38(3):22-25.
[8] SADREDDINI S,SALEHI Z.,RASSAIE H.Characterization of Ni-P-SiO2 nano-composite coating on magnesium [J].Applied Surface Science,2015,324:393-398.
[9] BALARAJU J N,KALAVATI,RAJAM K S.Influence of particle size on the microstructure,hardness and corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-P-Al2O3 composite coatings [J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2006,200(12):3 933-3 941.
[10] XU H,YANG Z,LI M K.Synthesis and properties of electroless Ni-P-nanometer diamond composite coatings [J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2005,191(2):161-165.
[11] CHEN W X,TU J P,XU Z D,et al.Wear and friction of ni-P electroless composite coating including inorganic fullerene-WS2 nanoparticles [J].Advanced Engineering Materials,2002,4(9):686-690.
[12] SADEGHZADEH-ATTAR A,AYUBIKIA G,EHTESHAMZADEH M.Improvement in tribological behavior of novel sol-enhanced electroless Ni-P-SiO2 nanocomposite coatings[J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2016,307:837-848.
[13] 董栋,陈新华,杨广彬,等.化学镀Ni-P及Ni-P-SiO2复合镀层的制备及性能研究[C] //2009全国青年摩擦学学术会议论文集.长沙:中国机械工程学会,2009:538-543.
[14] 侯俊英.热处理对Ni-P-SiO2复合镀层性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2010,35(9):91-93.
[15] CHEN W W,GAO W,HE Y D.A novel electroless plating of Ni-P-TiO2 nano-composite coatings [J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2010,204(15):2 493-2 498.
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