放射性核素在地质材料中的迁移研究进展
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摘要
深层地质处置是处置高放废物的可行方案之一。高放废物中的放射性核素具有放射性强,核素毒性大,半衰期长(>100 a)等特点。而吸附性弱、扩散能力强的关键放射性核素在处置库中的迁移特征成为地质处置库选址的安全性评价最为关注的内容之一。文章广泛调研了国内外粘土岩地质处置研究的工作进展,并从核素种类、粘土类型、具体迁移研究方法、研究设备和迁移所用拟合的数学模型开发方面,总结了当前国内外的研究现状,对中国高放废物粘土岩地质处置工作提出了相应的建议。
Deep geological disposal is one of the ideal options for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Several characteristics of radionuclides in high-level radioactive waste with strong radioactivity, large nuclear toxicity, and long half-life(>100 a) are hardly retarded in the geosphere. The ions, which are difficult to adsorb on the clay surface of the clay and have a strong diffusion capacity, become an important factor in the safety evaluation of the deep geological repository. The article has extensively investigated the progress of studies on the geological disposal of clay materials, and it summarized the current research status of radionuclide species, clay types, specific migration research methods, research equipment, and mathematical model development of migration. In addition, some corresponding recommendations of high-level radioactive waste claystone geological disposal in China were also put forward.
Deep geological disposal is one of the ideal options for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Several characteristics of radionuclides in high-level radioactive waste with strong radioactivity, large nuclear toxicity, and long half-life(>100 a) are hardly retarded in the geosphere. The ions, which are difficult to adsorb on the clay surface of the clay and have a strong diffusion capacity, become an important factor in the safety evaluation of the deep geological repository. The article has extensively investigated the progress of studies on the geological disposal of clay materials, and it summarized the current research status of radionuclide species, clay types, specific migration research methods, research equipment, and mathematical model development of migration. In addition, some corresponding recommendations of high-level radioactive waste claystone geological disposal in China were also put forward.
引文
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[3]Tachi Y,Yotsuji K.Diffusion and sorption of Cs+,Na+,I-and HTO in compacted sodium montmorillonite as a function of porewater salinity:integrated sorption and diffusion model[J].Geochim Cosmochim Acta,2014,132:75-93.
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[10]Wigger C,Kennell-Morrison L,Jensen M,et al.A comparative anion diffusion study on different argillaceous,low permeability sedimentary rocks with various pore waters[J].Applied Geochemistry,2018,92:157-165.
[11]Van Loon L R,Glaus M A,Mu?ller W.Anion exclusion effects in compacted bentonites:towards a better understanding of anion diffusion[J].Applied Geochemistry,2007,22(11):2536-2552.
[12]Wigger C,Van Loon L R.Importance of interlayer equivalent pores for anion diffusion in clay-rich sedimentary rocks[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2017,51(4):1998-2006.
[13]王志明,李书绅,郭择德,等.85Sr在黄土包气带中的迁移[J].辐射防护,2000,20(1/2):32-35.Wang Zhiming,Li Shushen,Guo Zede,et al.Migration of85Sr in loess aerated aone[J].Radiation Protection,2000,20(1/2):32-35.
[14]郭择德,王志明,李书绅,等.黄土包气带中放射性核素迁移的现场试验[J].辐射防护,2000,20(1/2):21-31.Guo Zede,Wang Zhiming,Li Shushen,et al.Field test of radionuclide migration in loess aerated zone[J].Radiation Protection,2000,20(1/2):21-31.
[15]游志均,山本忠利,小川弘道,等.85Sr、134Cs和60Co在黄土中吸附和迁移的研究[J].辐射防护,2000,20(1/2):68-73.You Zhijun,Tadatoshi Yamamoto,Hiromichi Ogawa,et al.Study on sorption and migration and migration for85Sr,134Cs and60Co in loess[J].Radiation Protection,2000,20(1/2):68-73.
[16]李寻,张土乔,李金轩.单裂隙介质中核素迁移模型的解析解及其应用[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2010,42(12):1990-1994.Li Xun,Zhang Tuqiao,Li Jinxuan.Analytical solution and its application of modeling nuclide transport model in single fractured media[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2010,42(12):1990-1994.
[17]李寻,杨泽平,李金轩,等.某核废物处置预选区中核素迁移模拟研究[J].东华理工大学学报:自然科学版,2014,37(3):321-327.Li Xun,Yang Zeping,Li Jinxuan,et al.Studies on nuclide transport simulation in a certain potential nuclear waste disposal site[J].Journal of East China Institute of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2014,37(3):321-327.
[18]刘春立,王祥云,高宏成,等.99TcO4-,HTO在花岗岩中的扩散研究[J].核化学与放射化学,2003,25(4):204-208.Liu Chunli,Wang Xiangyun,Gao Hongcheng,et al.Diffusion behavior of99TcO4-,HTO in granite[J].Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry,2003,25(4):204-208.
[19]杨颛维,王凯峰,刘春立.缓冲回填材料膨润土胶体的提取与分析[J].核化学与放射化学,2015,37(6):463-468.Yang Zhuanwei,Wang Kaifeng,Liu Chunli.Optimization of extraction methods and basic properties of GMZ bentonite colloids[J].Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry,2015,37(6):463-468.
[20]贯鸿志,张振涛,苏锡光,等.Am(Ⅲ)在花岗岩中的吸附行为[J].核化学与放射化学,2009,31(3):189-192.Guan Hongzhi,Zhang Zhentao,Su Xiguang,et al.Sorption behavior of americium on granite[J].Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry,2009,31(3):189-192.
[21]姜涛,姚军.Np的环境化学研究进展[J].核化学与放射化学,2012,34(4):201-212.Jiang Tao,Yao Jun.Progress in the research of neptunium environmental chemistry[J].Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry,2012,34(4):201-212.
[22]章英杰,范显华,苏锡光,等.Pu在花岗岩中的吸附行为[J].核化学与放射化学,2005(3):136-143.Zhang Yingjie,Fan Xianhua,Su Xiguang,et al.Sorption Behavior of Pu on granite[J].Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry,2005(3):136-143.
[23]汪冰,顾忠茂,苏锡光,等.低氧条件下Tc的吸附、解吸和扩散行为研究[R].中国原子能科学研究院年报,2002(1):106-107.Wang Bing,Gu Zhongmao,Su Xiguang,et al.Study on Adsorption,Desorption and Diffusion Behavior of Tc under Hypoxia[R].Annual Report of the Chinese Academy of Atomic Energy Sciences,2002(1):106-107.
[24]Wu T,Wang Z,Wang H,et al.Salt effects on Re(Ⅶ)and Se(Ⅳ)diffusion in bentonite[J].Applied Clay Science,2017,141:104-110.
[25]王芝芬,侯敏,陈钰晨,等.Re(Ⅶ)在辐照膨润土中的扩散行为研究[J].原子能科学技术,2017,51(4):617-621.Wang Zhifen,Hou Min,Chen Yuchen,et al.Diffusion behavior of Re(Ⅶ)in compacted irradiated bentonite[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2017,51(4):617-621.
[26]李雪梅,王延利.蒙脱石提纯研究进展[J].岩矿测试,2006(3):252-258.Li Xuemei,Wang Yanli.The progress of research on montmorillonite purification[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis,2006(3):252-258.
[27]Ye W M,Chen Y G,Chen B,et al.Advances on the knowledge of the buffer/backfill properties of heavily-compacted GMZ bentonite[J].Eng Geol,2010,116(1/2):12-20.
[28]Montes H G,Duplay J,Martinez L,et al.Influence of interlayer cations on the water sorption and swelling-shrinkage of MX-80 bentonite[J].Applied Clay Science,2003,23(5):309-321.
[29]García-gutierréz M,Cormenzana J L,Missana T,et al.Diffusion coefficients and accessible porosity for HTO and36Cl in compacted FEBEX bentonite[J].Applied Clay Science,2004,26(1/2/3/4):65-73.
[30]Sato H,Suzuli S.Fundamental study on the effect of an orientation of clay particles on diffusion pathway in compacted bentonite[J].Applied Clay Science,2003,23(1/2/3/4):51-60.
[31]张耀东.我国高放废物处置库粘土岩场址研究现状[J].能源研究与管理,2015,4:6-9.Zhang Yaodong.Present status of high level radioactive waste disposal clay rock site in China[J].Energy Research and Management,2015,4:6-9.
[32]丁鸿.柴达木盆地西北缘南八仙预选区地质条件与粘土岩特征研究[D].南昌:东华理工大学,2015.Ding Hong,Studies on Geological Conditions and Characteristics of Clays in Nanbaxian Condidate Region of Northwest Qaidam Basin[D].Nanchang:East China Institute of Technology,2015.
[33]车申,刘晓东,刘平辉.甘肃省陇东地区粘土岩基本特性研究[J].东华理工大学学报:自然科学版,2011,34(2):111-116.Che Shen,Liu Xiaodong,Liu Pinghui.Research of clay stone in Longdong area of Gansu Province[J].Journal of East China Institute of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2011,34(2):111-116.
[34]Holmboe M,Karin Norrfors K,Jonsson M,et al.Effect ofγ-radiation on radionuclide retention in compacted bentonite[J].Radiation Physics and Chemistry,2011,80:1371-1377.
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