基于轴系尺寸链设置缺陷导致机械系统失效后的改进分析
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摘要
机械系统中支承结构设计以及轴系尺寸链设置将直接影响其运转安全性和可靠性。本研究分析了油雾分离器结构原理和工况条件,明确了两端固定支承的机械系统在运转过程中,其一端轴承外圈端面与壳体孔应保留适当间隙,以适应轴的热伸长。就外场发生的失效开展分析和定位,从失效件外观形貌和理化检测结果确认,轴承在过大轴向附加载荷作用下产生爬坡,进而导致轴承短期内产生高温失效。为验证失效轴承附加轴向载荷是否与轴系尺寸链设置直接相关,开展装配尺寸链核算,确认失效轴承外圈端面与壳体孔之间存在极大的干涉风险,失效与轴系尺寸链设置不合理有关。针对失效定位提出装配前选配零件、调整零件公差等改进措施,同时建议对该间隙进行检测。
The supporting structure design and shafting dimension chain arrangement will directly affect the safety and reliability of mechanical systems. In this paper, the structural principle and working condition of an oil mist separator were analyzed, and it has been revealed that suitable clearance between one end of the outer ring and the shell hole is necessary to fit the thermal elongation of shaft in the mechanical system with fixed support at both ends. As an example, a failed bearing was analyzed by surface morphology observation and metallurgical structure examination. It is found that the bearing balls rode over the ring land under excessive axial loading, resulting in high-temperature failure during short period. In order to verify the relationship between excessive axial loading and shafting dimension chain arrangement error, assembly dimension chain has been calculated and it has been confirmed that the clearance between one end of the outer ring and the shell hole may have disappeared and the failure is related to shafting dimension chain arrangement error. Accordingly, suggestions have been put forward, including components matching before assembly,components dimension adjusting and clearance measuring.
The supporting structure design and shafting dimension chain arrangement will directly affect the safety and reliability of mechanical systems. In this paper, the structural principle and working condition of an oil mist separator were analyzed, and it has been revealed that suitable clearance between one end of the outer ring and the shell hole is necessary to fit the thermal elongation of shaft in the mechanical system with fixed support at both ends. As an example, a failed bearing was analyzed by surface morphology observation and metallurgical structure examination. It is found that the bearing balls rode over the ring land under excessive axial loading, resulting in high-temperature failure during short period. In order to verify the relationship between excessive axial loading and shafting dimension chain arrangement error, assembly dimension chain has been calculated and it has been confirmed that the clearance between one end of the outer ring and the shell hole may have disappeared and the failure is related to shafting dimension chain arrangement error. Accordingly, suggestions have been put forward, including components matching before assembly,components dimension adjusting and clearance measuring.
引文
[1]古莹奎,承姿辛,朱繁泷.基于主成分分析和支持向量机的滚动轴承故障特征融合分析[J].中国机械工程,2015,26(20):2778–2783.
[2]徐卓飞,刘凯,张海燕,等.基于经验模式分解和主元分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(23):133–139.
[3]焦育洁,周志谰.航空发动机主轴轴承失效分析[J].轴承,1998(6):6–11.
[4]赖伟,林国昌,陈聪慧.燃气轮机滚动轴承故障模式及延寿方法[J].航空发动机,2007,33(1):37–41.
[5]陈宇,郦敏洁.航空发动机轴承失效分析[J].轴承,2007(5):22–25.
[6]赵翔,李著信,萧德云.故障诊断技术的研究现状与发展趋势[J].机床与液压,2002(4):3–6.
[7]刘相春,陈向坚,王昌一.滚动轴承故障智能诊断系统的研究[J].海军工程学院学报,1995(3):54–58.
[8]任国全,韦有民,郑海起.基于小波分析的轴承故障诊断研究[J].河北省科学院学报,2002,19(2):112–116.
[9]全国滚动轴承标准化技术委员会. GB/T 24611-2009滚动轴承损伤和失效术语、特征及原因[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[10]孙全颖,唐文明.机械精度设计与质量保证[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2015:241-243.
[11]孔晓玲.几何量精度设计与测量技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2017:218-221.
[2]徐卓飞,刘凯,张海燕,等.基于经验模式分解和主元分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(23):133–139.
[3]焦育洁,周志谰.航空发动机主轴轴承失效分析[J].轴承,1998(6):6–11.
[4]赖伟,林国昌,陈聪慧.燃气轮机滚动轴承故障模式及延寿方法[J].航空发动机,2007,33(1):37–41.
[5]陈宇,郦敏洁.航空发动机轴承失效分析[J].轴承,2007(5):22–25.
[6]赵翔,李著信,萧德云.故障诊断技术的研究现状与发展趋势[J].机床与液压,2002(4):3–6.
[7]刘相春,陈向坚,王昌一.滚动轴承故障智能诊断系统的研究[J].海军工程学院学报,1995(3):54–58.
[8]任国全,韦有民,郑海起.基于小波分析的轴承故障诊断研究[J].河北省科学院学报,2002,19(2):112–116.
[9]全国滚动轴承标准化技术委员会. GB/T 24611-2009滚动轴承损伤和失效术语、特征及原因[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[10]孙全颖,唐文明.机械精度设计与质量保证[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2015:241-243.
[11]孔晓玲.几何量精度设计与测量技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2017:218-221.
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