植物生长促进剂对赣北移栽棉生长发育及产量的影响
|
摘要
【目的】明确叶面喷施6种植物生长促进剂对赣北移栽棉生长发育的影响,筛选出对棉花增产效果好的类型在赣北植棉区棉花生产上推广应用。【方法】在赣北育苗移栽植棉模式下,利用萘乙酸、赤霉素、细胞分裂素、芸苔素、复硝酚钠和胺鲜酯于棉花苗期(三叶期)、现蕾期、开花期和盛花期喷施,研究其对棉花生长发育的影响。【结果】细胞分裂素和复硝酚钠在棉花前中期对生长的促进作用明显,且复硝酚钠表现盛花结铃期成铃速度快;胺鲜酯对棉花生长的促进作用前后期保持较好的态势,单株叶面积系数、单株鲜物质质量和干物质质量均最大;芸苔素在棉花受到不良环境的伤害后可增强棉株的抗逆能力,明显提高铃重和产量;萘乙酸虽然对棉花前中期生长发育影响小,但最终增产效果还较好;赤霉素对棉花后期生长不利,棉花表现个体小、铃重略降低;芸苔素+胺鲜酯不及各自单用效果好。【结论】6种植物生长促进剂在赣北育苗移栽植棉模式下,于棉花苗期、现蕾期、开花期和盛花期叶面喷施,对棉花生长发育均有促进作用,可提高籽棉产量2.43%～10.04%,建议棉花苗期和蕾期叶面喷施细胞分裂素或复硝酚钠,花铃期叶面喷施芸苔素或胺鲜酯。
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of six plant growth promoters on the growth and development of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.), and to determine which is most beneficial for enhancing cotton yield in northern Jiangxi Province, China. [Methods] Foliar treatments of naphthalene acetic acid, gibberellin, cytokinin, brassinolide, sodium polyphenol sodium and amine fresh ester were applied at the three-leaf, squaring, first flowering and peak flowering stages of transplanted cotton in the northern Jiangxi region. Cotton growth and development in response to these promoters were investigated, and a pure water spray served as the control. Yield, yield component and agronomic trait data were collected during various growth periods. [Results] Cytokinin and sodium nitrate significantly facilitated the growth of cotton during the early and middle seasons. A more rapid boll setting was achieved by sodium nitrophenolate during the peak flowering stage. Amines promoted cotton growth throughout the plant's lifecycle, and the plant leaf area and biomass values were the greatest among all the treatments. The brassinolide treatment resulted in a stronger resistance to adverse environmental stresses, and it produced larger bolls and higher cotton yields. Although naphthalene acetic acid had little effects on the growth and development of cotton during the early and middle seasons, a final yield increase was evident. Gibberellin negatively affected the late growth of cotton and led to smaller plant architectural structures and boll weights. The combination of brassinolide and amine fresh ester did not present any advantage over their independent applications. [ Conclusion] The growth and development of cotton were significantly increased by the independent foliar applications of six plant promoters at the seedling, squaring, first flowering and peak flowering stages, resulting in seed cotton yield increases of 2.43% – 10.4% under seedling transplanting conditions innorthern Jiangxi Province. Therefore, we suggest that cytokinin or sodium nitrophenolate can be applied at the cotton seedling and squaring stages and that brassinolide or amine ester can be applied at the flowering and fruiting stages.
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of six plant growth promoters on the growth and development of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.), and to determine which is most beneficial for enhancing cotton yield in northern Jiangxi Province, China. [Methods] Foliar treatments of naphthalene acetic acid, gibberellin, cytokinin, brassinolide, sodium polyphenol sodium and amine fresh ester were applied at the three-leaf, squaring, first flowering and peak flowering stages of transplanted cotton in the northern Jiangxi region. Cotton growth and development in response to these promoters were investigated, and a pure water spray served as the control. Yield, yield component and agronomic trait data were collected during various growth periods. [Results] Cytokinin and sodium nitrate significantly facilitated the growth of cotton during the early and middle seasons. A more rapid boll setting was achieved by sodium nitrophenolate during the peak flowering stage. Amines promoted cotton growth throughout the plant's lifecycle, and the plant leaf area and biomass values were the greatest among all the treatments. The brassinolide treatment resulted in a stronger resistance to adverse environmental stresses, and it produced larger bolls and higher cotton yields. Although naphthalene acetic acid had little effects on the growth and development of cotton during the early and middle seasons, a final yield increase was evident. Gibberellin negatively affected the late growth of cotton and led to smaller plant architectural structures and boll weights. The combination of brassinolide and amine fresh ester did not present any advantage over their independent applications. [ Conclusion] The growth and development of cotton were significantly increased by the independent foliar applications of six plant promoters at the seedling, squaring, first flowering and peak flowering stages, resulting in seed cotton yield increases of 2.43% – 10.4% under seedling transplanting conditions innorthern Jiangxi Province. Therefore, we suggest that cytokinin or sodium nitrophenolate can be applied at the cotton seedling and squaring stages and that brassinolide or amine ester can be applied at the flowering and fruiting stages.
引文
[1]张允昔,陈宜,崔爱花,等.不同施氮量对棉花产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J].江西农业大学学报, 2014, 36(6):1202-1206.https://doi.org/10.13836/j.jjau.2014192Zhang Yunxi, Chen Yi, Cui Aihua, et al. The effects of different nitrogen application rates on cotton yield and nitrogen use efficiency[J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 2014, 36(6):1202-1206.
[2]夏绍南,陈宜,张丽娟,等.黄河流域棉花品种在江西棉区的生长发育分析[J].棉花科学, 2015, 37(4):47-53. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-3143.2015.04.011Xia Shaonan, Chen Yi, Zhang Lijuan, et al. Analysis of the growth and development of cotton varieties from yellow river basin in jiangxi cotton region[J]. Cotton Sciences, 2015, 37(4):47-53.
[3]朱蕙香,张守俭,陈虎保.常用植物生长调节剂应用指南[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2002.Zhu Huixiang, Zhang Shoujian, Chen Hubao. et al. Application guide for common plant growth regulators[M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press, 2002.
[4]邵莉楣,孟小雄.植物生长调节剂应用手册[M].第2版.北京:金盾出版社, 2009.Shao Limei, Meng Xiaoxiong. Plant growth regulator application manual()[M]. 2nded. Beijing:Golden Shield Press, 2009.
[5]王明友,曹鸿鸣,潘庆民,等.调节剂对雹灾后棉花生长发育及产量效应[J].中国棉花, 1995, 22(11):34-35.Wang Mingyou, Cao Hongming, Pan Qingming, et al. The effect of regulator on growth and yield of cotton after hailstorm[J]. China Cotton, 1995, 22(11):34-35.
[6]王俊铎,郑巨云,梁亚军,等.棉花喷施高产素对其产量和纤维品质的影响[J].棉花科学, 2015, 37(4):30-34. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-3143.2015.04.007Wang Junduo, Zheng Juyun, Liang Yajun, et al. The effect of spraying high yield element on cotton yield and fiber quality[J].Cotton Sciences, 2015, 37(4):30-34.
[7]韩焕勇,王方永,陈兵,等.灌水量对北疆棉花增效缩节胺化学封顶效应的影响[J].棉花学报, 2017, 29(1):70-78. https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201701008Han Huanyong, Wang Fangyong, Chen Bing, et al. Effects of drip irrigation water amount on the regulation of cotton growth and yield by fortified 1, 1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride in Northern Xinjiang[J]. Cotton Science, 2017, 29(1):70-78.
[8]匡政成,曾潜,赵燕,等.生长素响应报告基因转化及GUS检测[J].棉花学报, 2014, 26(4):350-355. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-7807.2014.04.010Kuang Zhengcheng, Zeng Qian, Zhao Yan, et al. The auxin responsible reporter DR5::GUS transformation of cotton illustrates the auxin early distribution in fiber differentiation[J]. Cotton Science, 2014, 26(4):350-355.
[9]陶瑞,刘涛,褚贵新.盐分胁迫下2-氯-6-(三氯甲基)吡啶浸种对棉种发芽及其生理特性的影响[J].棉花学报, 2013, 25(5):426-431.https://doi.org/1002-7807(2013)05-0426-06Tao Rui, Liu Tao, Chu Guixin. Effects of nitrapyrin soaking on cotton germination rate and its salt resistant physiological characteristics in salt stress condition[J]. Cotton Science, 2013, 25(5):426-431.
[10] Aaron M R, Hyun S C, Bridey B. The interaction of cytokinin with other signals[J]. Physiologia Plantarum, 2005, 123(2):184-194.
[11] Wang Y P, Li L, Ye T T. Cytokinin antagonizes ABA suppression to seed germination of Arabidopsis by downregulating Abi5 expression[J]. The Plant Journal, 2011, 68(2):249-261.
[12]栗战帅,魏恒玲,庞朝友,等.棉花果枝节间长短性状内源激素的差异以及外施激素对其影响[J].棉花学报, 2018, 30(3):224-230. https://doi.org/10.11963/1002-7807.lsyzxh.20180430.Li Zhanshuai, Wei Hengling, Pang Chaoyou, et al. The endogenous hormone differences of different fruiting branch internode length traits and the influence of spraying exogenous hormone in upland cotton[J]. Cotton Science, 2018, 30(3):224-230.
[13]李淑叶,马慧娟,张思平,等.外源24-表油菜素内酯对低温胁迫下棉花幼苗光合生理的影响[J].棉花学报, 2018, 30(3):252-260. https://doi.org/10.11963/1002-7807.lsyzxh.20180409.Li Shuye, Ma Huijuan, Zhang Siping, et al. Effects of exogenous24-epibrassinolide on photosynthetic physiology of cotton seedlings under low temperature[J]. Cotton Science, 2018, 30(3):252-260.
[14] Nesmith D S. Bell pepper responses to root restriction[J]. Plant Nutr, 2005, 15(12):2763-2776.
[15]夏志明,刘漫道,杨安民,等.澳宝(ALLBO)对棉花生长发育和产量品质的影响[J].西北农业学报, 2004, 13(2):158-161.Xia Zhiming, Liu Mandao, Yang Anming, et al. Effects of ALLBO on the growth and yield and quality of cotton[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Cccidentalis Sinica, 2004, 13(2):158-161.
[16]孙善康,陈建华,魏守军.植物生长促进剂处理棉花种子的效果[J].中国棉花, 1990(6):15-17.Sun Shanliang, Chen Jianhua, Wei Shoujun. Effects of plant growth promoters on cotton seeds[J]. China Cotton, 1990(6):15-17
[17]唐中杰,房卫平,孙玉堂.不同植物生长调节剂在棉花上的应用效果研究[J].中国农学通报, 2006, 22(2):179-181.Tang Zhongjie, Fang Weiping, Sun Yutang. Studies on the effect of different kinds of plant growth regulator on cotton[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2006, 22(2):179-181.
[18]孟之万,袁世久,马新军,等.“翠竹牌”植物生长剂对棉花生长发育的影响[J].新疆农垦科技, 1994(4):22-23.Meng Zhiwan, Yuan Shijiu, Ma Xinjun, et al. The influence of the plant growth agent on the growth and development of cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Reclamation Technology, 1994(4):22-23.
[19]夏绍南,张允昔,张丽娟,等.新壮态配方叶面肥在赣北植棉区棉花上的应用研究[J].棉花科学, 2017, 39(2):12-17. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-3143.2017.02.003Xia Shaonan, Zhang Yunxi, Zhang Lijuan, et al. Study on the application of new strong formula foliar fertilizer in cotton field in north Jiangxi province[J]. Cotton Sciences, 2013, 39(2):12-17.
[20]张允昔,夏绍南,杨磊,等.新壮态植物生长促进液在赣北棉花上的应用研究[J].棉花科学, 2016, 38(2):32-37. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-3143.2016.02.006Zhang Yunxi, Xia Shaonan, Yang Lei, et al. Study on the application of new plant growth promoting fluid in Ganbei cotton[J].Cotton Sciences, 2016, 38(2):32-37.
[21]李永旗.叶施尿素对棉花氮素吸收利用分配及生理生化特性的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院, 2014.Li Yongqi. Effects of leaf urea on nitrogen absorption and utilization distribution and physiological and biochemical characteristics of cotton[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2014.
[22]李荣,郑家慧.“生物旺”植物生长促进剂在棉花上的喷施效果[J].新疆农业科技, 2005(4):43.Li Rong, Zheng Jiahui. The effect of the growth promoters on the growth of plant growth in cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Science and Technology, 2005(4):43.
[23]胡昌弟,陈萱.植物生长调节剂知识问答(2)[J].河南农业, 2012(1):18. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1005-362X.2012.01.033Hu Changdi, Chen Xuan. Knowledge of plant growth regulators(2)[J]. Henan Agriculture, 2012(1):18.
[2]夏绍南,陈宜,张丽娟,等.黄河流域棉花品种在江西棉区的生长发育分析[J].棉花科学, 2015, 37(4):47-53. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-3143.2015.04.011Xia Shaonan, Chen Yi, Zhang Lijuan, et al. Analysis of the growth and development of cotton varieties from yellow river basin in jiangxi cotton region[J]. Cotton Sciences, 2015, 37(4):47-53.
[3]朱蕙香,张守俭,陈虎保.常用植物生长调节剂应用指南[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2002.Zhu Huixiang, Zhang Shoujian, Chen Hubao. et al. Application guide for common plant growth regulators[M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press, 2002.
[4]邵莉楣,孟小雄.植物生长调节剂应用手册[M].第2版.北京:金盾出版社, 2009.Shao Limei, Meng Xiaoxiong. Plant growth regulator application manual()[M]. 2nded. Beijing:Golden Shield Press, 2009.
[5]王明友,曹鸿鸣,潘庆民,等.调节剂对雹灾后棉花生长发育及产量效应[J].中国棉花, 1995, 22(11):34-35.Wang Mingyou, Cao Hongming, Pan Qingming, et al. The effect of regulator on growth and yield of cotton after hailstorm[J]. China Cotton, 1995, 22(11):34-35.
[6]王俊铎,郑巨云,梁亚军,等.棉花喷施高产素对其产量和纤维品质的影响[J].棉花科学, 2015, 37(4):30-34. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-3143.2015.04.007Wang Junduo, Zheng Juyun, Liang Yajun, et al. The effect of spraying high yield element on cotton yield and fiber quality[J].Cotton Sciences, 2015, 37(4):30-34.
[7]韩焕勇,王方永,陈兵,等.灌水量对北疆棉花增效缩节胺化学封顶效应的影响[J].棉花学报, 2017, 29(1):70-78. https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201701008Han Huanyong, Wang Fangyong, Chen Bing, et al. Effects of drip irrigation water amount on the regulation of cotton growth and yield by fortified 1, 1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride in Northern Xinjiang[J]. Cotton Science, 2017, 29(1):70-78.
[8]匡政成,曾潜,赵燕,等.生长素响应报告基因转化及GUS检测[J].棉花学报, 2014, 26(4):350-355. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-7807.2014.04.010Kuang Zhengcheng, Zeng Qian, Zhao Yan, et al. The auxin responsible reporter DR5::GUS transformation of cotton illustrates the auxin early distribution in fiber differentiation[J]. Cotton Science, 2014, 26(4):350-355.
[9]陶瑞,刘涛,褚贵新.盐分胁迫下2-氯-6-(三氯甲基)吡啶浸种对棉种发芽及其生理特性的影响[J].棉花学报, 2013, 25(5):426-431.https://doi.org/1002-7807(2013)05-0426-06Tao Rui, Liu Tao, Chu Guixin. Effects of nitrapyrin soaking on cotton germination rate and its salt resistant physiological characteristics in salt stress condition[J]. Cotton Science, 2013, 25(5):426-431.
[10] Aaron M R, Hyun S C, Bridey B. The interaction of cytokinin with other signals[J]. Physiologia Plantarum, 2005, 123(2):184-194.
[11] Wang Y P, Li L, Ye T T. Cytokinin antagonizes ABA suppression to seed germination of Arabidopsis by downregulating Abi5 expression[J]. The Plant Journal, 2011, 68(2):249-261.
[12]栗战帅,魏恒玲,庞朝友,等.棉花果枝节间长短性状内源激素的差异以及外施激素对其影响[J].棉花学报, 2018, 30(3):224-230. https://doi.org/10.11963/1002-7807.lsyzxh.20180430.Li Zhanshuai, Wei Hengling, Pang Chaoyou, et al. The endogenous hormone differences of different fruiting branch internode length traits and the influence of spraying exogenous hormone in upland cotton[J]. Cotton Science, 2018, 30(3):224-230.
[13]李淑叶,马慧娟,张思平,等.外源24-表油菜素内酯对低温胁迫下棉花幼苗光合生理的影响[J].棉花学报, 2018, 30(3):252-260. https://doi.org/10.11963/1002-7807.lsyzxh.20180409.Li Shuye, Ma Huijuan, Zhang Siping, et al. Effects of exogenous24-epibrassinolide on photosynthetic physiology of cotton seedlings under low temperature[J]. Cotton Science, 2018, 30(3):252-260.
[14] Nesmith D S. Bell pepper responses to root restriction[J]. Plant Nutr, 2005, 15(12):2763-2776.
[15]夏志明,刘漫道,杨安民,等.澳宝(ALLBO)对棉花生长发育和产量品质的影响[J].西北农业学报, 2004, 13(2):158-161.Xia Zhiming, Liu Mandao, Yang Anming, et al. Effects of ALLBO on the growth and yield and quality of cotton[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Cccidentalis Sinica, 2004, 13(2):158-161.
[16]孙善康,陈建华,魏守军.植物生长促进剂处理棉花种子的效果[J].中国棉花, 1990(6):15-17.Sun Shanliang, Chen Jianhua, Wei Shoujun. Effects of plant growth promoters on cotton seeds[J]. China Cotton, 1990(6):15-17
[17]唐中杰,房卫平,孙玉堂.不同植物生长调节剂在棉花上的应用效果研究[J].中国农学通报, 2006, 22(2):179-181.Tang Zhongjie, Fang Weiping, Sun Yutang. Studies on the effect of different kinds of plant growth regulator on cotton[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2006, 22(2):179-181.
[18]孟之万,袁世久,马新军,等.“翠竹牌”植物生长剂对棉花生长发育的影响[J].新疆农垦科技, 1994(4):22-23.Meng Zhiwan, Yuan Shijiu, Ma Xinjun, et al. The influence of the plant growth agent on the growth and development of cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Reclamation Technology, 1994(4):22-23.
[19]夏绍南,张允昔,张丽娟,等.新壮态配方叶面肥在赣北植棉区棉花上的应用研究[J].棉花科学, 2017, 39(2):12-17. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-3143.2017.02.003Xia Shaonan, Zhang Yunxi, Zhang Lijuan, et al. Study on the application of new strong formula foliar fertilizer in cotton field in north Jiangxi province[J]. Cotton Sciences, 2013, 39(2):12-17.
[20]张允昔,夏绍南,杨磊,等.新壮态植物生长促进液在赣北棉花上的应用研究[J].棉花科学, 2016, 38(2):32-37. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-3143.2016.02.006Zhang Yunxi, Xia Shaonan, Yang Lei, et al. Study on the application of new plant growth promoting fluid in Ganbei cotton[J].Cotton Sciences, 2016, 38(2):32-37.
[21]李永旗.叶施尿素对棉花氮素吸收利用分配及生理生化特性的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院, 2014.Li Yongqi. Effects of leaf urea on nitrogen absorption and utilization distribution and physiological and biochemical characteristics of cotton[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2014.
[22]李荣,郑家慧.“生物旺”植物生长促进剂在棉花上的喷施效果[J].新疆农业科技, 2005(4):43.Li Rong, Zheng Jiahui. The effect of the growth promoters on the growth of plant growth in cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Science and Technology, 2005(4):43.
[23]胡昌弟,陈萱.植物生长调节剂知识问答(2)[J].河南农业, 2012(1):18. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1005-362X.2012.01.033Hu Changdi, Chen Xuan. Knowledge of plant growth regulators(2)[J]. Henan Agriculture, 2012(1):18.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |