国内外农业科学大数据建设与共享进展
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摘要
农业科学大数据指在农业科技活动中长期积累和整编的海量科学数据,它不仅直接反映一个国家的整体农业科技基础水平,而且影响着农业科技实力能否持续、稳定、长久地发展和提高,具有重要的保存和开发利用价值。在数据密集型科学研究形势下,农业科学大数据是支撑农业科技创新、发展现代农业的战略性、基础性资源,关系到国家的战略利益和国家安全。为推进农业科学大数据建设,促进数据共享与利用,本文通过文献调研法、网站调研法和对比分析法,综述了科学大数据发展战略和共享政策,对农业科学大数据建设与共享进展进行了总结分析,针对今后农业科学大数据的发展,从政策制定及执行、数据资源建设模式与资源整合、数据开放与出版等角度提出对策建议,以期为我国农业领域科学大数据的建设与共享提供借鉴。
Big data in agricultural science refers to the mass of scientific data that has accumulated and been integrated over a long period in scientific and technological activities associated with agriculture. These data not only directly reflect the overall basic level of agricultural science and technology in a country, but also affect the sustained and stable development and improvement of agricultural science and technology in the long term; they are valuable for resource preservation, development and use. As part of data-intensive scientific research, big data in agriculture are basic strategic resources that support the development of innovations in agricultural science and technology, and the development of modern agriculture, which are related to the country's strategic interests and security. To promote sharing and use of scientific big data in agriculture, literature reviews, websites survey and comparative analysis have been conducted. This review summarizes the development strategies and sharing policy of scientific big data,and analyzes the progress of the development and sharing of big data in agriculture. Focusing on the future development of big data in agriculture and providing a reference for the development and sharing of such data in China, this review provides suggestions for policy formulation and implementation, data development models and resource integration, data opening and publication, and other issues.
Big data in agricultural science refers to the mass of scientific data that has accumulated and been integrated over a long period in scientific and technological activities associated with agriculture. These data not only directly reflect the overall basic level of agricultural science and technology in a country, but also affect the sustained and stable development and improvement of agricultural science and technology in the long term; they are valuable for resource preservation, development and use. As part of data-intensive scientific research, big data in agriculture are basic strategic resources that support the development of innovations in agricultural science and technology, and the development of modern agriculture, which are related to the country's strategic interests and security. To promote sharing and use of scientific big data in agriculture, literature reviews, websites survey and comparative analysis have been conducted. This review summarizes the development strategies and sharing policy of scientific big data,and analyzes the progress of the development and sharing of big data in agriculture. Focusing on the future development of big data in agriculture and providing a reference for the development and sharing of such data in China, this review provides suggestions for policy formulation and implementation, data development models and resource integration, data opening and publication, and other issues.
引文
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[32]马海群,蒲攀.国内外开放数据政策研究现状分析及我国研究动向研判[J].中国图书馆学报,2015,41(5):76-86.Ma H Q,Pu P.Status Analysis and Comparison of Research Achievements on Open Data Policy and an Estimation of the Research Trends in China[J].Journal of Library Science in China,2015,41(5):76-86.
[33]张静蓓,任树怀.科研数据出版模式、流程及引用策略研究[J].图书情报工作,2015,59(9):21-27.Zhang J B,Ren S H.Research on Scientific Data Publication Models,Flows and Citation Strategy[J].Library and Information Service,2015,59(9):21-27.
[34]黄国彬,王舒,屈亚杰.科学数据出版模式比较研究[J].大学图书馆学报,2018(1):34-40.Huang G B,Wang S,Qu Y J.The Comparative Research on Scientific Data Publication Models[J].Journal of Academic Libraries,2018(1):34-40.
[35]英论阁Enago官方博客.专注“黑暗数据”---《BMC Research Notes》期刊介绍[EB/OL].[2018-06-21].http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-681387-1073590.html.Official Blog of Enago.Focus on“dark data”--Introduction of BMC Research Notes[EB/OL].[2018-06-21].http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-681387-1073590.html.
[36]中国科学数据.[2018-07-15].http://www.csdata.org.China Scientific Data.[2018-07-15].http://www.csdata.org.
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[2]司莉,邢文明.国外科学数据管理与共享政策调查及对我国的启示[J].情报资料工作,2013(1):61-66.Si L,Xing W M.Scientific Data Management and Sharing Policies in Foreign Countries:Investigation and Inspiration to Us[J].Information and Documentation Services,2013(1):61-66.
[3]张影强,张大璐,梁鹏.发达国家如何布局大数据战略[J].中国经济报告,2018(1):87-89.Zhang Y Q,Zhang D L,Liang P.The Layout of Big Data Strategy in Developed Countries[J].China Policy Review,2018(1):87-89.
[4]中华人民共和国商务部网站.欧盟大数据发展战略[EB/OL].(2014-12-09)[2018-07-15].http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/i/jyjl/m/201412/20141200826137.shtml Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China.The Development Strategy of Big Data[EB/OL].(2014-12-09)[2018-07-15].HTTP://http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/i/jyjl/m/201412/20141200826137.shtml
[5]单志广.国家大数据发展的顶层设计数据强国战略的冲锋号角---《关于促进大数据发展行动纲要》的几点解读[J].财经界,2015(10):30-35.Shan Z G.The Top-level Design of National Big Data Development--the Charge Horn of the Strategy of Data Power--Several Interpretations of the Platform for Action on Promoting the Development of Big Data[J].Money China,2015(10):30-35.
[6]景万福.美日国家信息政策比较研究[J].高校图书馆工作,2001,21(81):12-15.Jing W F.A Comparative Study of Information Policies between the United States and Japan[J].Library Work In Colleges and Univestites,2001,21(81):12-15.
[7]孟宪学.中国农业科技数据库系统建设研究[D].中国农业科学院,2002.Meng X X.Study on the Construction of Agricultural Science and Technology Database System in China[D].Chinese A-cademy of Agricultural Sciences,2002.
[8]FAO.databases.[2018-07-15].http://www.fao.org/statistics/databases/en/.
[9]U.S.Department of Agriculture.Data[EB/OL].[2018-06-20].https://www.usda.gov/topics/data
[10]CLARD RING.What is the RING[EB/OL].[2018-06-24].http://ring.ciard.net
[11]Open Science for Agricultural and Food Sciences.Learn more about the vision of AGINFRA+[EB/OL].[2018-06-26].http://www.aginfra.eu.
[12]国家农业科学数据中心.[2018-07-08].http://www.agridata.cn.National Agricultural Science Data Center.[2018-07-08].http://www.agridata.cn.
[13]林业科学数据中心.[2018-07-12].http://www.cfsdc.org.Chinese Forestry Science Data Center.[2018-07-12].http://www.cfsdc.org.
[14]北京农业数字信息资源中心.[2018-07-01].http://www.agridata.ac.cn/web/default.aspx.Beijing Agricultural Digital Information Resource Center.[2018-07-01].http://www.agridata.ac.cn/web/default.aspx.
[15]山东省农村农业综合信息服务平台-农业数据资源中心.[2018-07-08].http://www.qlsn.cn.Shandong Province Rural Agriculture Comprehensive Information Service platform-Agricultural data Resource Center.[2018-07-08].http://www.qlsn.cn.
[16]国家水稻数据中心.[2018-06-12].http://www.ricedata.cn/.China Rice Data Center.[2018-06-12].http://www.ricedata.cn.
[17]中国科学院科学数据网格-生命科学数据网格.[2018-06-10].http://www.biogrid.cn/home.Science Data Grid of Chinese Academy of Sciences-life Science Data Grid.[2018-06-10].http://www.biogrid.cn/home.
[18]Principles for science in the internetra[EB/OL].[2008-04-22].http://www.codata.org/data_access/priciples.html.
[19]Data Policy[EB/OL].[2017-6-25].http://www.icsu-wds.org/services/data-policy.
[20]赵华,王剑.科学数据共享政策及其对中国农业科学数据共享的启示[J].农业展望,2015,11(11):70-74.Zhao H,Wang J.Scientific Data Sharing Policy and Its Inspiration to China’s Agricultural Scientific Data Sharing[J].A-gricultural Outlook,2015,11(11):70-74.
[21]王晴.论科学数据开放共享的运行模式、保障机制及优化策略[J].国家图书馆学刊,2014(1):3-8.Wang Q.Research on the Operating Modes,Guarantee Mechanism and Optimization Strategies for Opening and Sharing Scientific Data[J].Journal of the National Library of China,2014(1):3-8.
[22]NIH Data Sharing Policy[EB/OL].[2015-06-01].http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/policy/data_sharing.
[23]ARC.Funding Rules for Schemes under the Discovery Programme(2016 edition)[EB/OL].[2018-04-21].http://www.arc.gov.au/sites/default/files/filedepot/Public/NCGP/Funding%20Rules/Discovery_Program_Funding_Rules_2016.pdf.
[24]司莉,辛娟娟.英美高校科学数据管理与共享政策的调查分析[J].图书馆论坛,2014(9):80-85.Si L,Xin J J.The Investigation on Data Management and Sharing Policies of British and American Universities[J].Library Tribune,2014(9):80-85.
[25]吴蓉,顾立平,刘晶晶.国外学术期刊数据政策的调研与分析[J].图书情报工作,2015,59(7):99-104.Wu R,Ku L P,Liu J J.Research on the Data Policy of Academic Journals[J].Library and Information Service,2015,59(7):99-104.
[26]刘细文,熊瑞.国外科学数据开放获取政策特点分析[J].情报理论与实践,2009,32(9):5-9.Liu X W,Xiong R.Analysis of the Characteristics of Policies on Open Access to Scientific Data in Foreign Countries[J].Information Studies:Theory&Application,2009,32(9):5-9.
[27]李苑.全球政府开放数据的四大特点(上)[EB/OL],[2018-08-03].http://intl.ce.cn/specials/zxgjzh/201402/20/t20140220_2343380.shtml.Li Y.Four Characteristics of Global Government Data Opening(Part I)[EB/OL],[2018-08-03].http://intl.ce.cn/specials/zxgjzh/201402/20/t20140220_2343380.shtml.
[28]G8.G8Open Data Charter and Technical Annex[EB/OL].[2018-07-24].https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/open-data-charter/g8-open-data-charter-and-technical-annex.
[29]DATA.GOV.[2018-07-18].https://www.data.gov.
[30]Data.gov.uk/Find open data.[2018-07-18].https://data.gov.uk.
[31]邱春艳.欧盟科学数据开放存取实践及启示[J].情报理论与实践,2016,39(11):138-144.Qiu C Y.Practice and Enlightenment of Open Access Scientific Data in European Union[J].Information Studies:Theory&Application,2016,39(11):138-144.
[32]马海群,蒲攀.国内外开放数据政策研究现状分析及我国研究动向研判[J].中国图书馆学报,2015,41(5):76-86.Ma H Q,Pu P.Status Analysis and Comparison of Research Achievements on Open Data Policy and an Estimation of the Research Trends in China[J].Journal of Library Science in China,2015,41(5):76-86.
[33]张静蓓,任树怀.科研数据出版模式、流程及引用策略研究[J].图书情报工作,2015,59(9):21-27.Zhang J B,Ren S H.Research on Scientific Data Publication Models,Flows and Citation Strategy[J].Library and Information Service,2015,59(9):21-27.
[34]黄国彬,王舒,屈亚杰.科学数据出版模式比较研究[J].大学图书馆学报,2018(1):34-40.Huang G B,Wang S,Qu Y J.The Comparative Research on Scientific Data Publication Models[J].Journal of Academic Libraries,2018(1):34-40.
[35]英论阁Enago官方博客.专注“黑暗数据”---《BMC Research Notes》期刊介绍[EB/OL].[2018-06-21].http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-681387-1073590.html.Official Blog of Enago.Focus on“dark data”--Introduction of BMC Research Notes[EB/OL].[2018-06-21].http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-681387-1073590.html.
[36]中国科学数据.[2018-07-15].http://www.csdata.org.China Scientific Data.[2018-07-15].http://www.csdata.org.
[37]全球变化科学研究数据出版系统.[2018-07-17].http://www.geodoi.ac.cn/WebCn/Default.aspx.Global Change Research Data Publishing&Repository.[2018-07-17].http://www.geodoi.ac.cn/WebCn/Default.aspx.
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