不同秋眠级苜蓿产量、品质及越冬率比较
|
摘要
【目的】探讨苜蓿秋眠级与其生产性能及越冬的关系,筛选适宜在呼和浩特及周边地区种植的苜蓿品种。【方法】以国内外5个不同秋眠级苜蓿品种为材料,2014-05-20将其播种于和林格尔试验地,2015-2017年连续3年调查物候期和越冬率,测定苜蓿鲜、干草产量及营养成分(干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF))含量,计算相对饲用价值(RFV),根据3年平均干草产量与RFV的耦合作用筛选出最优苜蓿品种。【结果】秋眠级越低的苜蓿品种,其春季返青越晚;秋眠级越高的苜蓿品种,其越冬率越低。5个不同秋眠级苜蓿品种3年平均鲜、干草产量均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),其中以金皇后苜蓿鲜、干草产量最高,极显著高于其他苜蓿品种(P<0.01);草原3号苜蓿的3年平均CP含量和RFV值最高、ADF和NDF含量最低;驯鹿苜蓿的3年平均ADF、NDF含量极显著高于其他苜蓿品种(除金皇后ADF含量外)。根据苜蓿3年平均干草产量与RFV值的耦合结果,确定金皇后和草原3号属于最佳苜蓿品种。【结论】苜蓿秋眠级别与越冬率呈显著负相关关系,秋眠级为1～3级的苜蓿品种金皇后和草原3号在3年鲜草产量、干草产量、越冬率及营养品质方面均表现较好,适宜在呼和浩特及周边地区种植推广。
【Objective】The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fall dormancy on yield,nutritive value and winter surviving rate of different alfalfa varieties for selecting proper alfalfa varieties in Hohhot and surrounding areas.【Method】Five alfalfa varieties were selected and sowed in Helinger on May 20,2014.The growth and winter surviving rates were observed from 2015 to 2017,and dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP),acid detergent fiber(ADF)and neutral detergent fiber(NDF)were analyzed.Fresh yield,hay yield and relative feed value(RFV)were calculated.The optimal alfalfa variety was determined based on hay yield and RFV.【Result】Alfalfa varieties with lower fall dormancy levels had later returning green time in spring,while those with higher fall dormancy levels had lower winter surviving rates.The three years averaged fresh yield and hay yield of the five varieties had very significant difference(P<0.01).The fresh yield and hay yield of Gold empress were the highest and very significantly higher than that of other varieties(P<0.01).Caoyuan No.3 had the highest CP and RFV,but the lowest ADF and NDF.ADF and NDF of Caribou was very significant higher than other alfalfa varieties(except ADF of the Gold empress)(P<0.01).Caoyuan No.3 and Gold empress were better than other alfalfa varieties.【Conclusion】There was significantly negative correlation between fall dormancy and winter surviving rate.The varieties of Gold empress and Caoyuan No.3 with fall dormancy levels of 1-3 had better fresh yield,hay yield,winter surviving rate and nutrition over the three years,and they were suitable for planting and promotion in Hohhot and surrounding areas.
【Objective】The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fall dormancy on yield,nutritive value and winter surviving rate of different alfalfa varieties for selecting proper alfalfa varieties in Hohhot and surrounding areas.【Method】Five alfalfa varieties were selected and sowed in Helinger on May 20,2014.The growth and winter surviving rates were observed from 2015 to 2017,and dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP),acid detergent fiber(ADF)and neutral detergent fiber(NDF)were analyzed.Fresh yield,hay yield and relative feed value(RFV)were calculated.The optimal alfalfa variety was determined based on hay yield and RFV.【Result】Alfalfa varieties with lower fall dormancy levels had later returning green time in spring,while those with higher fall dormancy levels had lower winter surviving rates.The three years averaged fresh yield and hay yield of the five varieties had very significant difference(P<0.01).The fresh yield and hay yield of Gold empress were the highest and very significantly higher than that of other varieties(P<0.01).Caoyuan No.3 had the highest CP and RFV,but the lowest ADF and NDF.ADF and NDF of Caribou was very significant higher than other alfalfa varieties(except ADF of the Gold empress)(P<0.01).Caoyuan No.3 and Gold empress were better than other alfalfa varieties.【Conclusion】There was significantly negative correlation between fall dormancy and winter surviving rate.The varieties of Gold empress and Caoyuan No.3 with fall dormancy levels of 1-3 had better fresh yield,hay yield,winter surviving rate and nutrition over the three years,and they were suitable for planting and promotion in Hohhot and surrounding areas.
引文
[1]杨小翠,何庆元,詹秋文,等.3个紫花苜蓿品种在淮河中下游地区的产量和品质分析[J].草地学报,2017,25(6):1393-1396.Yang X C,He Q Y,Zhan Q W,et al.Analyses of yield and quality of 3 Medicago sativa varieties in the ecotype middle and lower of Huaihe[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2017,25(6):1393-1396.
[2]于辉,姚江华,刘荣.等.四个紫花苜蓿品种草产量、营养品质及越冬率的综合评价[J].中国草地学报,2010,32(3):108-111.Yu H,Yao J H,Liu R,et al.Comprehensive evaluation on forage yield,nutrition quality and winter surviving rate of different alfalfa varieties[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2010,32(3):108-111.
[3]熊军波,田宏,张鹤山,等.十个不同休眠等级紫花苜蓿在武汉地区的生产性能比较[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(22):5582-5585.Xiong J B,Tian H,Zhang H S,et al.Comparative study on production performance of 10different fall dormancy alfalfa varieties in Wuhan area[J].Hubei Agricultural Science,2016,55(22):5582-5585.
[4]刘志英.不同苜蓿品种秋眠级评定及其对越冬率的影响机理[D].北京:中国农业科学研究院,2017.Liu Z Y.Evaluation of fall dormancy rating among different alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)cultivars and effect mechanisms of fall dormancy on winter survival rate[D].Beijing:Chinese A-cademy of Agricultural Sciences Dissertation,2017.
[5]卢欣石,申玉龙.苜蓿秋眠性研究与利用[J].草原与草坪,1991(4):1-4.Lu X S,Shen Y L.The study and utilization fall dormancy of alfalfa[J].Grassland and Turf,1991(4):1-4.
[6]方珊珊,孙启忠,闫亚飞,等.45个苜蓿品种秋眠级初步评定[J].草业学报,2015,24(11):247-255.Fang S S,Sun Q Z,Yan Y F,et al.Preliminary assessment of fall dormancy in 45alfalfa cultivars[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(11):247-255.
[7]张丽英.饲草分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2012:48-76.Zhang L Y.Forage analysis and the measurement technique of feed quality[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2012:48-76.
[8]陈谷,邰建辉.美国商业应用中的牧草质量及质量标准[J].中国牧业通讯,2010(11):48-49.Chen G,Tai J H.Forage quality and its quality standardization in the United States[J].China Animal Husbandry Bulletin,2010(11):48-49.
[9]严秀将,冯长松,卢欣石.北京地区不同秋眠级苜蓿品种生长动态比较[J].草业科学,2009,26(6):78-83.Yan X J,Feng C S,Lu X S.Comparative analysis of the growth among alfalfa varieties with different fall dormancy rate in Beijing[J].Pratacultural Science,2009,26(6):78-83.
[10]卢欣石.中国苜蓿审定品种秋眠性研究[J].中国草地学报,1998,20(3):1-5.Lu X S.The study on fall-dormancy of officially approved alfalfa cultivars in China[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,1998,20(3):1-5.
[11]董静华,卢欣石.半秋眠和非秋眠紫花苜蓿在华北地区生长适应性评价[J].北方园艺,2008(7):152-156.Dong J H,Lu X S.Evaluation of adaptability between nondormancy and semi-dormancy alfalfa variety in Huabei[J].Northern Horticulture,2008(7):152-156.
[12]伏兵哲,高雪芹,张蓉,等.宁夏引黄灌区不同紫花苜蓿品种比较[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(2):71-78.Fu B Z,Gao X Q,Zhang R,et al.Comparison of different alfalfa cultivars in the Yellow River irrigation region of Ningxia[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Nat Sci Ed),2017,45(2):71-78.
[13]高婷,孙启忠,王川,等.秋季刈割时期对不同秋眠性苜蓿品种生产性能的影响[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(1):27-34.Gao T,Sun Q Z,Wang C,et al.Effect of harvesting time in fall on productivity of different dormancy alfalfa varieties[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2017,39(1):27-34.
[14]王成章,许向阳,杨雨鑫,等.不同紫花苜蓿品种引种试验研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002,30(3):29-31.Wang C Z,Xu X Y,Yang Y X,et al.Study on the introduction of different alfalfa varieties[J].Journal of Northwest A&FUniversity(Nat Sci Ed),2002,30(3):29-31.
[15]Malinowski D,Pinchak W,Kramp B,et al.Supplemental irrigation and fall dormancy effects on alfalfa productivity in a semiarid,subtropical climate with a bimodal precipitation pattern[J].Agronomy Journal,2007,199:621-629.
[16]Rimi F,Macolino S,Leinauer B,et al.Alfalfa yield and morphology of three fall-dormancy categories harvested at two phenological stages in a subtropical climate[J].Agronomy Journal,2010,102:1578-1585.
[17]Ventroni L M,Volenec J J,Cangiano C A.Fall dormancy and cutting frequency impact on alfalfa yield and yield components[J].Field Crops Research,2010,119:252-259.
[18]Wang C,Ma B L,Yan X,et al.Yields of alfalfa varieties with different fall-dormancy levels in a temperate environment[J].Agronomy Journal,2009,101:1146-1152.
[19]吕小东,王建光,白音仓,等.内蒙古引进的11个国外苜蓿品种营养价值的灰色评价[J].草原与草坪,2013,33(3):21-25.LüX D,Wang J G,Bai Y C,et al.Comprehensive evaluation on nutrition value of 11introduced alfalfa varieties in Inner Mongolia[J].Grassland and Turf,2013,33(3):21-25.
[20]张建华,王彦荣,余玲,等.紫花苜蓿品种间产量性状评价[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(10):1837-1844.Zhang J H,Wang Y R,Yu L,et al.Evaluation on yield and quality characteristics of alfalfa varieties[J].Acta Bot Boreali-Occident Sin,2004,24(10):1837-1844.
[21]何云,霍文颖,张海棠,等.紫花苜蓿的营养价值及其影响因素[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(11):3243-3244.He Y,Huo W Y,Zhang H T,et al.Study on nutritional value and influencing factors of alfalfa[J].Journal of Anhui Agricutural Sciences,2007,35(11):3243-3244.
[22]牛小平,呼天明,杨培志,等.22个紫花苜蓿品种生产性能比较研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(5):34-49.Niu X P,Hu T M,Yang P Z,et al.Comparative researches on the production performance of 22alfalfa varieties from home and abroad[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Nat Sci Ed),2006,34(5):34-39.
[23]肖燕子,于洁,孟凯,等.土默特地区不同苜蓿品种生产性能的比较[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(4):65-70.Xiao Y Z,Yu J,Meng K,et al.Comparison of production performance of different alfalfa varieties in Tumed region[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Nat Sci Ed),2017,45(4):65-70.
[24]王成章,韩锦峰,史莹华,等.不同秋眠类型苜蓿品种的生产性能研究[J].作物学报,2008,34(1):133-141.Wang C Z,Han J F,Shi Y H,et al.Production performance in alfalfa with different classes of fall dormancy[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,34(1):133-141.
[25]钟华.晋中地区不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿品种生产性能研究[D].山西太谷:山西农业大学,2005.Zhong H.A study on the productive performance of alfalfa at different fall dormancy in Jinzhong region[D].Taigu,Shanxi:Shanxi Agricultural University,2005.
[26]刘艺杉,刘自学,苏爱莲,等.北京地区不同秋眠级苜蓿品种适应性评价[J].草业科学,2008,25(2):60-63.Liu Y S,Liu Z X,Su A L,et al.Comparison of the adaptation of fourteen alfalfa varieties with different fall-dormancy in Beijing area[J].Pratacultural Science,2008,25(2):60-63.
[27]王晓俊,魏臻武,杜广明,等.不同秋眠级苜蓿在辽宁地区生产性能的比较分析[J].草原与草坪,2006,26(4):28-32.Wang X J,Wei Z W,Du G M,et al.Study on the productivity of alfalfa at different level of fall-dormancy in Liaoning Province[J].Grassland and Turf,2006,26(4):28-32.
[2]于辉,姚江华,刘荣.等.四个紫花苜蓿品种草产量、营养品质及越冬率的综合评价[J].中国草地学报,2010,32(3):108-111.Yu H,Yao J H,Liu R,et al.Comprehensive evaluation on forage yield,nutrition quality and winter surviving rate of different alfalfa varieties[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2010,32(3):108-111.
[3]熊军波,田宏,张鹤山,等.十个不同休眠等级紫花苜蓿在武汉地区的生产性能比较[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(22):5582-5585.Xiong J B,Tian H,Zhang H S,et al.Comparative study on production performance of 10different fall dormancy alfalfa varieties in Wuhan area[J].Hubei Agricultural Science,2016,55(22):5582-5585.
[4]刘志英.不同苜蓿品种秋眠级评定及其对越冬率的影响机理[D].北京:中国农业科学研究院,2017.Liu Z Y.Evaluation of fall dormancy rating among different alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)cultivars and effect mechanisms of fall dormancy on winter survival rate[D].Beijing:Chinese A-cademy of Agricultural Sciences Dissertation,2017.
[5]卢欣石,申玉龙.苜蓿秋眠性研究与利用[J].草原与草坪,1991(4):1-4.Lu X S,Shen Y L.The study and utilization fall dormancy of alfalfa[J].Grassland and Turf,1991(4):1-4.
[6]方珊珊,孙启忠,闫亚飞,等.45个苜蓿品种秋眠级初步评定[J].草业学报,2015,24(11):247-255.Fang S S,Sun Q Z,Yan Y F,et al.Preliminary assessment of fall dormancy in 45alfalfa cultivars[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(11):247-255.
[7]张丽英.饲草分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2012:48-76.Zhang L Y.Forage analysis and the measurement technique of feed quality[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2012:48-76.
[8]陈谷,邰建辉.美国商业应用中的牧草质量及质量标准[J].中国牧业通讯,2010(11):48-49.Chen G,Tai J H.Forage quality and its quality standardization in the United States[J].China Animal Husbandry Bulletin,2010(11):48-49.
[9]严秀将,冯长松,卢欣石.北京地区不同秋眠级苜蓿品种生长动态比较[J].草业科学,2009,26(6):78-83.Yan X J,Feng C S,Lu X S.Comparative analysis of the growth among alfalfa varieties with different fall dormancy rate in Beijing[J].Pratacultural Science,2009,26(6):78-83.
[10]卢欣石.中国苜蓿审定品种秋眠性研究[J].中国草地学报,1998,20(3):1-5.Lu X S.The study on fall-dormancy of officially approved alfalfa cultivars in China[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,1998,20(3):1-5.
[11]董静华,卢欣石.半秋眠和非秋眠紫花苜蓿在华北地区生长适应性评价[J].北方园艺,2008(7):152-156.Dong J H,Lu X S.Evaluation of adaptability between nondormancy and semi-dormancy alfalfa variety in Huabei[J].Northern Horticulture,2008(7):152-156.
[12]伏兵哲,高雪芹,张蓉,等.宁夏引黄灌区不同紫花苜蓿品种比较[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(2):71-78.Fu B Z,Gao X Q,Zhang R,et al.Comparison of different alfalfa cultivars in the Yellow River irrigation region of Ningxia[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Nat Sci Ed),2017,45(2):71-78.
[13]高婷,孙启忠,王川,等.秋季刈割时期对不同秋眠性苜蓿品种生产性能的影响[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(1):27-34.Gao T,Sun Q Z,Wang C,et al.Effect of harvesting time in fall on productivity of different dormancy alfalfa varieties[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2017,39(1):27-34.
[14]王成章,许向阳,杨雨鑫,等.不同紫花苜蓿品种引种试验研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002,30(3):29-31.Wang C Z,Xu X Y,Yang Y X,et al.Study on the introduction of different alfalfa varieties[J].Journal of Northwest A&FUniversity(Nat Sci Ed),2002,30(3):29-31.
[15]Malinowski D,Pinchak W,Kramp B,et al.Supplemental irrigation and fall dormancy effects on alfalfa productivity in a semiarid,subtropical climate with a bimodal precipitation pattern[J].Agronomy Journal,2007,199:621-629.
[16]Rimi F,Macolino S,Leinauer B,et al.Alfalfa yield and morphology of three fall-dormancy categories harvested at two phenological stages in a subtropical climate[J].Agronomy Journal,2010,102:1578-1585.
[17]Ventroni L M,Volenec J J,Cangiano C A.Fall dormancy and cutting frequency impact on alfalfa yield and yield components[J].Field Crops Research,2010,119:252-259.
[18]Wang C,Ma B L,Yan X,et al.Yields of alfalfa varieties with different fall-dormancy levels in a temperate environment[J].Agronomy Journal,2009,101:1146-1152.
[19]吕小东,王建光,白音仓,等.内蒙古引进的11个国外苜蓿品种营养价值的灰色评价[J].草原与草坪,2013,33(3):21-25.LüX D,Wang J G,Bai Y C,et al.Comprehensive evaluation on nutrition value of 11introduced alfalfa varieties in Inner Mongolia[J].Grassland and Turf,2013,33(3):21-25.
[20]张建华,王彦荣,余玲,等.紫花苜蓿品种间产量性状评价[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(10):1837-1844.Zhang J H,Wang Y R,Yu L,et al.Evaluation on yield and quality characteristics of alfalfa varieties[J].Acta Bot Boreali-Occident Sin,2004,24(10):1837-1844.
[21]何云,霍文颖,张海棠,等.紫花苜蓿的营养价值及其影响因素[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(11):3243-3244.He Y,Huo W Y,Zhang H T,et al.Study on nutritional value and influencing factors of alfalfa[J].Journal of Anhui Agricutural Sciences,2007,35(11):3243-3244.
[22]牛小平,呼天明,杨培志,等.22个紫花苜蓿品种生产性能比较研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(5):34-49.Niu X P,Hu T M,Yang P Z,et al.Comparative researches on the production performance of 22alfalfa varieties from home and abroad[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Nat Sci Ed),2006,34(5):34-39.
[23]肖燕子,于洁,孟凯,等.土默特地区不同苜蓿品种生产性能的比较[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(4):65-70.Xiao Y Z,Yu J,Meng K,et al.Comparison of production performance of different alfalfa varieties in Tumed region[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Nat Sci Ed),2017,45(4):65-70.
[24]王成章,韩锦峰,史莹华,等.不同秋眠类型苜蓿品种的生产性能研究[J].作物学报,2008,34(1):133-141.Wang C Z,Han J F,Shi Y H,et al.Production performance in alfalfa with different classes of fall dormancy[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,34(1):133-141.
[25]钟华.晋中地区不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿品种生产性能研究[D].山西太谷:山西农业大学,2005.Zhong H.A study on the productive performance of alfalfa at different fall dormancy in Jinzhong region[D].Taigu,Shanxi:Shanxi Agricultural University,2005.
[26]刘艺杉,刘自学,苏爱莲,等.北京地区不同秋眠级苜蓿品种适应性评价[J].草业科学,2008,25(2):60-63.Liu Y S,Liu Z X,Su A L,et al.Comparison of the adaptation of fourteen alfalfa varieties with different fall-dormancy in Beijing area[J].Pratacultural Science,2008,25(2):60-63.
[27]王晓俊,魏臻武,杜广明,等.不同秋眠级苜蓿在辽宁地区生产性能的比较分析[J].草原与草坪,2006,26(4):28-32.Wang X J,Wei Z W,Du G M,et al.Study on the productivity of alfalfa at different level of fall-dormancy in Liaoning Province[J].Grassland and Turf,2006,26(4):28-32.