饲粮中添加辣木梗粉对蛋雏鸭生长、免疫及抗氧化功能的影响
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摘要
本试验通过在饲粮中添加不同水平的辣木梗粉,研究其对1～28日龄蛋雏鸭生长、免疫及抗氧化功能的影响,以探讨辣木梗粉的适宜添加量。试验选取健康、体重相近的1日龄三穗蛋雏鸭135只,随机分为3组(Ⅰ～Ⅲ组),每组3个重复,每个重复15只试鸭。采用基础饲粮加辣木梗粉进行饲喂,Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在基础饲粮中添加20 g/kg和40 g/kg辣木梗粉,试验期4周。结果表明:20 g/kg辣木梗粉添加组的平均日采食量(ADFI)分别比空白对照组和40 g/kg辣木梗粉添加组显著提高8.6%和9.8%(P <0.05);20 g/kg和40 g/kg g辣木梗粉添加组的平均日增重(ADG)分别比空白对照组显著提高11.8%和18.3%(P <0.05);40 g/kg辣木梗粉添加组的料重比(F/G)分别比空白对照组和20 g/kg辣木梗粉添加组显著降低16.2%和14.1%(P <0.05);20 g/kg和40 g/kg辣木梗粉添加组血清白蛋白(ALB)含量比对照组分别显著提高39.1%和49.5%(P <0.05);20 g/kg辣木梗粉添加组的免疫蛋白M(IgM)含量比空白对照组显著提高了1.6%(P <0.05);20 g/kg辣木梗粉添加组的血清丙二醛(MDA)含量比空白对照组显著减少33.16%(P <0.05)。综上,在基础饲粮中添加适量的辣木梗粉可提高1～28日龄蛋雏鸭的免疫及抗氧化功能,对辣木梗粉在蛋雏鸭的应用上提供了参考依据。
The effects of different levels of Moringa oleifera stem powder on growth,immunity and antioxidant function of egg-laying ducks aged 1 ～ 28 days were studied,in order to explore the appropriate amount of Moringa oleifera stem powder.135 healthy one-day-old Sansui ducklings with similar body weight were randomly divided into three groups(group I ～ III).There were three replicates in each group and 15 test ducks in each replicate.Groups I(control group) was fed the basal diet,and groups II and III were fed with experimental diets supplemented with 20 g/kg and 40 g/kg of Moringa oleifera stalk powder respectively.The experimental period was 4 weeks.The results showed that the average daily feed intake(ADFI) of the 20 g/kg group was 8.6% and 9.8% higher than that of the blank control group and the 40 g/kg group(P < 0.05),and the average daily gain(ADG) of the 20 g/kg and 40 g/kg groups were 11.8% and 18.3%(P < 0.05) higher than that of the blank control group.The feed to gain(F/G) of the 40 g/kg group was 16.2% and 14.1%(P < 0.05)significantly lower than that of the blank control group and the 20 g/kg group;the serum albumin(ALB) content of the 20 g/kg and 40 g/kg groups were increased by 39.1% and 49.5%(P < 0.05) compared with the control group.The content of immunoglobulin M(IgM) in 20 g/kg group was significantly increased by 1.6%(P < 0.05),and the content of serum malondialdehyde(MDA) in 20 g/kg group was significantly decreased by 33.16%compared with the blank control group(P < 0.05).The results showed that the immune and antioxidant functions of laying ducklings aged 1 to 28 days could be improved by adding proper amount of Moringa oleifera stem powder to the basal diet,which provided strong reference for the application of Moringa oleifera stem powder in laying ducklings.
The effects of different levels of Moringa oleifera stem powder on growth,immunity and antioxidant function of egg-laying ducks aged 1 ～ 28 days were studied,in order to explore the appropriate amount of Moringa oleifera stem powder.135 healthy one-day-old Sansui ducklings with similar body weight were randomly divided into three groups(group I ～ III).There were three replicates in each group and 15 test ducks in each replicate.Groups I(control group) was fed the basal diet,and groups II and III were fed with experimental diets supplemented with 20 g/kg and 40 g/kg of Moringa oleifera stalk powder respectively.The experimental period was 4 weeks.The results showed that the average daily feed intake(ADFI) of the 20 g/kg group was 8.6% and 9.8% higher than that of the blank control group and the 40 g/kg group(P < 0.05),and the average daily gain(ADG) of the 20 g/kg and 40 g/kg groups were 11.8% and 18.3%(P < 0.05) higher than that of the blank control group.The feed to gain(F/G) of the 40 g/kg group was 16.2% and 14.1%(P < 0.05)significantly lower than that of the blank control group and the 20 g/kg group;the serum albumin(ALB) content of the 20 g/kg and 40 g/kg groups were increased by 39.1% and 49.5%(P < 0.05) compared with the control group.The content of immunoglobulin M(IgM) in 20 g/kg group was significantly increased by 1.6%(P < 0.05),and the content of serum malondialdehyde(MDA) in 20 g/kg group was significantly decreased by 33.16%compared with the blank control group(P < 0.05).The results showed that the immune and antioxidant functions of laying ducklings aged 1 to 28 days could be improved by adding proper amount of Moringa oleifera stem powder to the basal diet,which provided strong reference for the application of Moringa oleifera stem powder in laying ducklings.
引文
[1]车传燕,宋海青,蔡治华.大蒜素对天长三黄鸡部分血液生化指标的影响[J].安徽科技学院学报,2013,27(3):11~14.
[2]耿光瑞,刘海斌,张立永,等.饲粮能量水平对塞北乌骨鸡血清生化指标的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2013,3:139~141.
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[4]姜丽丽.饲粮精氨酸对蛋雏鸭生长性能及生化指标的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2014.
[5]解俊美,王安.饲粮维生素D添加水平对蛋雏鸭免疫及抗氧化功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(9):1819~1824.
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[7]李苗苗.辣木茎粉对鹅饲用价值的研究[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016.
[8]李万佳.饲粮维生素D添加水平对獭兔生长性能、钙磷代谢、血液指标、免疫及抗氧化功能的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[9]刘昌芬,李国华.辣木的研究现状及其开发前景[J].云南热作科技,2002,(3):20~24.
[10]刘庆华,杨建平,刘延贺,等.铁过量或缺乏对新生仔猪血清生化指标及肝脏hepcidin mR NA表达量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(5):845~851.
[11]刘子记,孙继华,刘昭华,等.特色植物辣木的应用价值及发展前景分析[J].热带作物学报,2014,35(9):1871~1878.
[12]宋增廷,王华朗,王立志,等.我国家禽非常规饲料资源的开发与利用[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(1):1~7.
[13]陶晓东.苜蓿草粉在绍兴麻鸭生产上的应用研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2009.
[14]闫文龙,任安祥,黎红妹,等.辣木梗粉主要营养成分测定及对肉鸡生长的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(18):7644~7645.
[15]杨芳.补充铁、维生素A和B2对贫血孕妇抗氧化能力影响的研究[D].青岛:青岛大学,2004.
[16]叶林超,李忠平,杨卫兵,等.凹凸棒石黏土在肉猪饲料中的应用研究[J].家畜生态学报,2014,35(5):23~27.
[17]袁艺森.维生素E和硒对蛋雏鸭生长、免疫及抗氧化的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2014.
[18]张彩虹,姜建阳,任慧英,等.酵母铬对热应激肉鸡抗氧化性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(5):741~746.
[19]张淑云.钙和维生素D对肉鸡免疫和抗氧化功能的影响[D].东北农业大学,2011.
[20]张幸怡,林聪,李洋,等.辣木梗叶对奶牛生产性能及血浆生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(2):628~635.
[21]张养东,王安,武江利.维生素A对笼养育成蛋鸭免疫机能和相关激素分泌的影响[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(1):36~40.
[22]朱宏娟.不同硒源及硒水平对肉仔鸡生产性能和血液抗氧化指标的影响[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2006.
[23] Allam H,Abdelazem A M,Salah H,et al.Some hemato-biochemical,bacteriological and pathological effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in broiler chickens[J].2016,5(2):99.
[24] Ghebremichael K A,Gunaratna K R,Henriksson H,et al.A simple purification and activity assay of the coagulant protein from Moringa oleifera seed[J].Water Research,2005,39(11):2338~2344.
[25] Mbikay M.Therapeutic Potential of Moringa oleifera Leaves in Chronic Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia:A Review[J].Frontiers in Pharmacology,2012,3(24):24.
[26] Ogbe A O,Affiku J P.Proximate study,mineral and anti-nutrient composition of Moringa oleifera leaves harvested from Lafia,Nigeria:potential benefits in poultry nutrition and health.[J].Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology&Food Sciences,2011,1(3).
[27] Sánchez N R,Ledin S,Ledin I.Biomass Production and Chemical Composition of Moringa oleifera,under Different Management Regimes in Nicaragua[J].Agroforestry Systems,2006,66(3):231~242.
[2]耿光瑞,刘海斌,张立永,等.饲粮能量水平对塞北乌骨鸡血清生化指标的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2013,3:139~141.
[3]黄国清,肖仔君.辣木籽中硒的氢化物发生原子荧光测定法[J].现代食品科技,2006,22(3):224~226.
[4]姜丽丽.饲粮精氨酸对蛋雏鸭生长性能及生化指标的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2014.
[5]解俊美,王安.饲粮维生素D添加水平对蛋雏鸭免疫及抗氧化功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(9):1819~1824.
[6]李健,陈小国,王长康,等.芪苓超微粉对优质鸡生长性能及抗氧化功能的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(6):1211~1215.
[7]李苗苗.辣木茎粉对鹅饲用价值的研究[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016.
[8]李万佳.饲粮维生素D添加水平对獭兔生长性能、钙磷代谢、血液指标、免疫及抗氧化功能的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[9]刘昌芬,李国华.辣木的研究现状及其开发前景[J].云南热作科技,2002,(3):20~24.
[10]刘庆华,杨建平,刘延贺,等.铁过量或缺乏对新生仔猪血清生化指标及肝脏hepcidin mR NA表达量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(5):845~851.
[11]刘子记,孙继华,刘昭华,等.特色植物辣木的应用价值及发展前景分析[J].热带作物学报,2014,35(9):1871~1878.
[12]宋增廷,王华朗,王立志,等.我国家禽非常规饲料资源的开发与利用[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(1):1~7.
[13]陶晓东.苜蓿草粉在绍兴麻鸭生产上的应用研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2009.
[14]闫文龙,任安祥,黎红妹,等.辣木梗粉主要营养成分测定及对肉鸡生长的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(18):7644~7645.
[15]杨芳.补充铁、维生素A和B2对贫血孕妇抗氧化能力影响的研究[D].青岛:青岛大学,2004.
[16]叶林超,李忠平,杨卫兵,等.凹凸棒石黏土在肉猪饲料中的应用研究[J].家畜生态学报,2014,35(5):23~27.
[17]袁艺森.维生素E和硒对蛋雏鸭生长、免疫及抗氧化的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2014.
[18]张彩虹,姜建阳,任慧英,等.酵母铬对热应激肉鸡抗氧化性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(5):741~746.
[19]张淑云.钙和维生素D对肉鸡免疫和抗氧化功能的影响[D].东北农业大学,2011.
[20]张幸怡,林聪,李洋,等.辣木梗叶对奶牛生产性能及血浆生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(2):628~635.
[21]张养东,王安,武江利.维生素A对笼养育成蛋鸭免疫机能和相关激素分泌的影响[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(1):36~40.
[22]朱宏娟.不同硒源及硒水平对肉仔鸡生产性能和血液抗氧化指标的影响[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2006.
[23] Allam H,Abdelazem A M,Salah H,et al.Some hemato-biochemical,bacteriological and pathological effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in broiler chickens[J].2016,5(2):99.
[24] Ghebremichael K A,Gunaratna K R,Henriksson H,et al.A simple purification and activity assay of the coagulant protein from Moringa oleifera seed[J].Water Research,2005,39(11):2338~2344.
[25] Mbikay M.Therapeutic Potential of Moringa oleifera Leaves in Chronic Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia:A Review[J].Frontiers in Pharmacology,2012,3(24):24.
[26] Ogbe A O,Affiku J P.Proximate study,mineral and anti-nutrient composition of Moringa oleifera leaves harvested from Lafia,Nigeria:potential benefits in poultry nutrition and health.[J].Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology&Food Sciences,2011,1(3).
[27] Sánchez N R,Ledin S,Ledin I.Biomass Production and Chemical Composition of Moringa oleifera,under Different Management Regimes in Nicaragua[J].Agroforestry Systems,2006,66(3):231~242.
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