造礁石珊瑚自然海区断枝培育技术研究
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摘要
【目的】研究探讨造礁石珊瑚自然海区断枝培育技术的条件和方法。【方法】在深圳大鹏新区大澳湾海区海底搭建海区断枝培育系统,并在系统上培育膨胀蔷薇珊瑚(Montiporaturgescens)、霜鹿角珊瑚(Acropora pruinosa)、盾形陀螺珊瑚(Turbinaria peltata)、十字牡丹珊瑚(Pavona decussata)和澄黄滨珊瑚(Porites lutea)等5种造礁石珊瑚的断枝(每种珊瑚100株),开展为期12个月的实验。【结果】5种珊瑚在深圳市大鹏新区大澳湾海域的断枝培育系统上培育12个月后,5种造礁石珊瑚断枝存活率分别为96%、93%、95%、85%和83%。珊瑚断枝生长指标测量结果显示,5种珊瑚中霜鹿角珊瑚生长速度最快,其断枝横向增长长度平均可达46.2mm;其次是膨胀蔷薇珊瑚,其断枝横向伸长长度平均可达38.2 mm;而澄黄滨珊瑚生长速度最慢,横向伸长长度都在24mm以下。【结论】在合适海区,使用海区石珊瑚断枝培育系统进行造礁石珊瑚培育,可改善其存活率和生长。
【Objective】To study the conditions and methods for the asexual reproduction of hermatypic corals in natural sea area of Shenzhen, and built the garden of asexual reproduction in natural sea area.【Methods】The the garden of fragments breeding were builted in natural sea area of Shenzhen. 5 species coral fragments have transplanted to the garden which included Montipora turgescens, Acropora pruinosa, Turbinaria peltata, Pavona decussata, Porites lutea, and 100 coral fragments every specie were collected.【Results】The coral fragments grew normally in natural sea area during 12 months. The survival rate of 5 species coral fragments was 96%,93%,95%,85%,83%.The results of growth index measurement about 5 species coral fragments showed that the Acropora pruinosa was the fastest coral in growth(the average crosswise elongation was 46.2 mm). The second one was Montipora turgescens(the average crosswise elongation was 38.2 mm). The last one of 5 species coral was Porites lutea(the average crosswise elongation was less than 24 mm). 【Conclusion】The results showed that the survival rate and growth situation could be improved for using the garden of fragments breeding in suitable sea area.
【Objective】To study the conditions and methods for the asexual reproduction of hermatypic corals in natural sea area of Shenzhen, and built the garden of asexual reproduction in natural sea area.【Methods】The the garden of fragments breeding were builted in natural sea area of Shenzhen. 5 species coral fragments have transplanted to the garden which included Montipora turgescens, Acropora pruinosa, Turbinaria peltata, Pavona decussata, Porites lutea, and 100 coral fragments every specie were collected.【Results】The coral fragments grew normally in natural sea area during 12 months. The survival rate of 5 species coral fragments was 96%,93%,95%,85%,83%.The results of growth index measurement about 5 species coral fragments showed that the Acropora pruinosa was the fastest coral in growth(the average crosswise elongation was 46.2 mm). The second one was Montipora turgescens(the average crosswise elongation was 38.2 mm). The last one of 5 species coral was Porites lutea(the average crosswise elongation was less than 24 mm). 【Conclusion】The results showed that the survival rate and growth situation could be improved for using the garden of fragments breeding in suitable sea area.
引文
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[8]张浴阳,黄晖,黄洁英,等.西沙群岛珊瑚幼体培育实验[J].海洋开发与管理,2013,30(b12):78-82.
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[15]鲍鹰,周学家,黄美霞,等.鹿角珊瑚人工养殖的初步研究[J].海洋科学,2012,36(1):69-72.
[16]李元超,兰建新,郑新庆,等.西沙赵述岛海域珊瑚礁生态修复效果的初步评估[J].应用海洋学学报,2014,33(3):348-353.
[17]GUEST J R,DIZON R M,EDWARDS A J,et al.How quickly do fragments of coral“self‐attach”after transplantation?[J].Restoration Ecology,2011,19(2):234-242.
[18]邹仁林.中国动物志-造礁石珊瑚[M].北京:科学出版杜,2001:19-234.
[19]谭上进,朱小山,周进,等.深圳近岸海域环境状况近10a变化趋势[J].海洋环境科学,2014(1):154-160.
[20]贾春斌,黄敏红,庄世鹏.深圳珊瑚资源现状与保护对策[J].中国水产,2008,395(10):16-18.
[21]ATKINSON M J,CARLSON B,CROW G L.Coral growth in high-nutrient,low-pH seawater:a case study of corals cultured at the Waikiki Aquarium,Honolulu,Hawaii[J].Coral Reefs,1995,14(4):215-223.
[22]RENEGAR D A,RIEGL B M.Effect of nutrient enrichment and elevated CO2 partial pressure on growth rate of Atlantic scleractinian coral Acropora cervicornis[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2005,293:69-76.
[23]肖宝华,廖宝林,杨小东,等.光谱质量和光子照度对盾形陀螺珊瑚生长及代谢的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2017,37(1):72-79.
[24]DUNN J G,SAMMARCO P W,LAFLEUR JR G.Effects of phosphate on growth and skeletal density in the scleractinian coral Acropora muricata:A controlled experimental approach[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2012,411:34-44.
[25]FUKAMI H,CHEN C A,BUDD A F,et al.Mitochondrial and nuclear genes suggest that stony corals are monophyletic but most families of stony corals are not(Order Scleractinia,Class Anthozoa,Phylum Cnidaria)[J].Plo S one,2008,3(9):e3222.
[26]ROMANO S L,PALUMBI S R.Molecular evolution of a portion of the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal gene region in scleractinian corals[J].Journal of Molecular Evolution,1997,45(4):397-411
[27]OKUBO N,TANIGUCHI H,MOTOKAWA T.Successful methods for transplanting fragments of Acropora formosa and Acropora hyacinthus[J].Coral Reefs,2005,24(2):333-342.
[28]GUEST J R,HEYWARD A,OMORI M,et al.Rearing coral larvae for reef rehabilitation[M]//EDWARDS A J.Reef Rehabilitation Manual.St.Lucia,Australia,2010:73-92.
[2]COPPER P.Ancient reef ecosystem expansion and collapse[J].Coral Reefs,1994,13(1):3-11.
[3]王丽荣,赵焕庭.珊瑚礁生态系统服务及其价值评估[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(11):1384-1389.
[4]PETERSEN D.The role of sexual reproduction in captive population management-a review[J].Advances in Coral Husbandry in Public Aquariums.Burgers'Zoo,Arnhem,2008:319-323.
[5]PETERSEN D,LATERVEER M,VAN BERGEN D,et al.The application of sexual coral recruits for the sustainable management of ex situ populations in public aquariums to promote coral reef conservation-SECORE Project[J].Aquatic Conservation:Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems,2006,16(2):167-179.
[6]王淑红,洪文霆,陈纪新,等.珊瑚人工繁育技术研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(9):2903-2912.
[7]CRUZ D W D,HARRISON P L.Enhanced larval supply and recruitment can replenish reef corals on degraded reefs[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):13985.
[8]张浴阳,黄晖,黄洁英,等.西沙群岛珊瑚幼体培育实验[J].海洋开发与管理,2013,30(b12):78-82.
[9]HIGHSMITH R C.Reproduction by fragmentation in corals[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series.Oldendorf,1982,7(2):207-226.
[10]CLARK S,EDWARDS A J.Coral transplantation as an aid to reef rehabilitation:evaluation of a case study in the Maldive Islands[J].Coral Reefs,1995,14(4):201-213.
[11]MILLER S L,McFall G B,Hulbert A W.Guidelines and recommendations for coral reef restoration in the florida keys national marine sanctuary:workshop report[M].National Undersea Research Center,1993:1-85.
[12]FISK D A.Accelerated regeneration of hard corals:a manual for coral reef users and managers[M].Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority,1995.
[13]ALASDAIR J.EDWARDS.Reef Rehabilitation Manual[M].Melbourne Australia:The Coral Reef Targeted Research&Capacity Building for Management Program.2010:1-123.
[14]陈刚,谢菊娘.三亚水域造礁石珊瑚移植试验研究[J].热带海洋,1995,14(3):51-57.
[15]鲍鹰,周学家,黄美霞,等.鹿角珊瑚人工养殖的初步研究[J].海洋科学,2012,36(1):69-72.
[16]李元超,兰建新,郑新庆,等.西沙赵述岛海域珊瑚礁生态修复效果的初步评估[J].应用海洋学学报,2014,33(3):348-353.
[17]GUEST J R,DIZON R M,EDWARDS A J,et al.How quickly do fragments of coral“self‐attach”after transplantation?[J].Restoration Ecology,2011,19(2):234-242.
[18]邹仁林.中国动物志-造礁石珊瑚[M].北京:科学出版杜,2001:19-234.
[19]谭上进,朱小山,周进,等.深圳近岸海域环境状况近10a变化趋势[J].海洋环境科学,2014(1):154-160.
[20]贾春斌,黄敏红,庄世鹏.深圳珊瑚资源现状与保护对策[J].中国水产,2008,395(10):16-18.
[21]ATKINSON M J,CARLSON B,CROW G L.Coral growth in high-nutrient,low-pH seawater:a case study of corals cultured at the Waikiki Aquarium,Honolulu,Hawaii[J].Coral Reefs,1995,14(4):215-223.
[22]RENEGAR D A,RIEGL B M.Effect of nutrient enrichment and elevated CO2 partial pressure on growth rate of Atlantic scleractinian coral Acropora cervicornis[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2005,293:69-76.
[23]肖宝华,廖宝林,杨小东,等.光谱质量和光子照度对盾形陀螺珊瑚生长及代谢的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2017,37(1):72-79.
[24]DUNN J G,SAMMARCO P W,LAFLEUR JR G.Effects of phosphate on growth and skeletal density in the scleractinian coral Acropora muricata:A controlled experimental approach[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2012,411:34-44.
[25]FUKAMI H,CHEN C A,BUDD A F,et al.Mitochondrial and nuclear genes suggest that stony corals are monophyletic but most families of stony corals are not(Order Scleractinia,Class Anthozoa,Phylum Cnidaria)[J].Plo S one,2008,3(9):e3222.
[26]ROMANO S L,PALUMBI S R.Molecular evolution of a portion of the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal gene region in scleractinian corals[J].Journal of Molecular Evolution,1997,45(4):397-411
[27]OKUBO N,TANIGUCHI H,MOTOKAWA T.Successful methods for transplanting fragments of Acropora formosa and Acropora hyacinthus[J].Coral Reefs,2005,24(2):333-342.
[28]GUEST J R,HEYWARD A,OMORI M,et al.Rearing coral larvae for reef rehabilitation[M]//EDWARDS A J.Reef Rehabilitation Manual.St.Lucia,Australia,2010:73-92.
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