从计算到赋权:对抗性设计如何从知识构建行动
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摘要
计算已成为我们这个时代的元特征之一,当代设计在普适计算的现实之下越来越具有新媒介的属性。设计学科、计算技术与生活政治的整合,让赋权(Empowerment)的理想逐渐凸显。文章在概述计算现实与赋权未来之后,分别从"何谓对抗""为什么要对抗"以及"如何对抗"等三个方面回到关于对抗性设计的主要疑惑的思考,并结合案例剖析对抗性设计实现从知识到行动的三种赋权策略,即揭示霸权及其构成方式、重新配置剩余物、通过连通性接合成新的集体等。结合计算的媒介属性,阐释对抗性设计分别在个体、关系以及集体等三个层面逐步实现赋权,实现了从知识到行动的建构机制。
Computation is one of the meta-characteristics of our era. Contemporary design is developing with the attributes of new media under the reality of ubiquitous computing. The integration of design discipline, computing as technology, and lifepoliticshasmade the ideal of Empowerment increasingly prominent. After summarizing computation as reality and empowerment as future, this article will clarifythe main doubtsaboutadversarial design from three aspects: "what is adversary", "why needs adversary" and "how to be adversarial?", andanalyzes the three strategies for adversarial design with related cases studies. The three empowerment strategies from knowledge to action inculderevealing hegemony and its structural mechanism, reconfiguring the remainer, and articulating collectiveness.Combined with the media attributes of the computation, the adversarial design gradually realizes the empowerment at the three levels of individual, relationship, and, and completes the construction mechanism from knowledge to action.
Computation is one of the meta-characteristics of our era. Contemporary design is developing with the attributes of new media under the reality of ubiquitous computing. The integration of design discipline, computing as technology, and lifepoliticshasmade the ideal of Empowerment increasingly prominent. After summarizing computation as reality and empowerment as future, this article will clarifythe main doubtsaboutadversarial design from three aspects: "what is adversary", "why needs adversary" and "how to be adversarial?", andanalyzes the three strategies for adversarial design with related cases studies. The three empowerment strategies from knowledge to action inculderevealing hegemony and its structural mechanism, reconfiguring the remainer, and articulating collectiveness.Combined with the media attributes of the computation, the adversarial design gradually realizes the empowerment at the three levels of individual, relationship, and, and completes the construction mechanism from knowledge to action.
引文
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[2]Touraine,Alain.Return of the Actor:Social Theory in Postindustrial Society.University of Minnesota Press,1988(1984).
[3]Giddens,Anthony.Beyond Left and Right:The Future of radical politics.Stanford University Press,1994.
[4][美]卡尔.迪赛欧.对抗性设计[M].张黎,译.南京:江苏凤凰美术出版社,2016.
[5]Winner,Langdon."Do Artifacts Have Politics?"Daedalus(1980):121-136.
[6]Latour,Bruno.‘‘Where Are the Missing Masses?The Sociology of a Few Mundane Artifacts’’Wiebe E.Bijker and John Law,eds.,Shaping Technology/Building Society:Studies in Sociotechnical Change.Cambridge,Mass.:MIT Press,1992,P.225-258.
[7]Latour,Bruno.Reassembling the Social:An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory.Oxford university press,2005.
[8]Bennett,Jane.Vibrant Matter:A Political Ecology of Things.Duke University Press,2009.
[9]Achterhuis,Hans.Natuur Tussen Mythe En Techniek.Ambo,1995.
[10]Verbeek,Peter-Paul.What Things Do:Philosophical Reflections on Technology,Agency,and Design.Penn State Press,2005.
[11]SB Fawcett etc.Using empowerment theory in collaborative partnerships for community health and development.American Journal of Community Psychology,1995,23(5):677-97,P.679.
[12]罗兰斯认为要阐明对Empower概念的滥用与误读,清晰界定Power一词是其中的关键步骤。Power一词主要存在四种关系性的解读方式,分别是:Power Over,突出权力被掌控的关系;Power To,代表生成式或生产性权力,促成非支配关系的新可能与新行动;Power With,主张集体力量的形成;Power From Within,强调对自我的高度认可,并以此启迪他者。Rowlands,Joanna.Questioning Empowerment:Working with Women in Honduras.Oxford:Oxfam,1997,P.11-13.
[13]Mouffe,Chantal."Post-Marxism:democracy and identity."Environment and Planning D:Society and Space,13.3(1995):259-265,P.262.
[14]Mouffe,Chantal.The Democratic Paradox,Verso,2000.
[15]Mouffe,Chantal.Agonistics:Thinking the World Politically,Verso,2013,Introduction,XII.
[16]Mouffe,Chantal.On the Political.Routledge,2005,P.20.
[17]Freud,Sigmund.Civilization and Its Discontents.WWNorton&Company,2005,P.119.
[18]Anderson,Perry."Power,politics and the Enlightenment."in David Miliband ed.Reinventing the Left,Cambridge:Polity Press,1994,P.43.
[19]张黎.“从激进到思辨:设计如何催化社会梦想”[J].南京艺术学院学报(美术与设计版),2017(4):14-19.
[20]Beck,Ulrich.The Reinvention of Politics:Rethinking Modernity in the Global Social Order.Cambridge:Polity Press,1997.
[21]Beck,Ulrich.Risk Society:Towards a New Modernity.Sage,1992.
[22]Beck,Ulrich."World Risk Society and Manufactured Uncertainties."IRIS[Online],1.2(2009):291-299.
[23]Giddens,Anthony.Modernity and Self-identity:Self and Society in the Late Modern Age.Stanford university press,1991.
[24]Laclau,Ernesto,and Chantal Mouffe.Hegemony and Socialist Strategy:Towards a Radical Democratic Politics.Verso,1985.
[25]Hall,Peter."Critical Visualization"Paola Antonelli,eds.Design and the Elastic Mind,P.122-131.New York:Museum of Modern Art,2008,P.128.
[26]Suchman,Lucy.Human-machine reconfigurations:Plans and situated actions.Cambridge University Press,2006.
[27]Weiser,Mark."The computer for the 21st century."Mobile Computing and Communications Review,3.3(1999):3-11.
[28]Hebdige,Dick.Subculture:The Meaning of Style.New York:Routledge,1979.
[2]Touraine,Alain.Return of the Actor:Social Theory in Postindustrial Society.University of Minnesota Press,1988(1984).
[3]Giddens,Anthony.Beyond Left and Right:The Future of radical politics.Stanford University Press,1994.
[4][美]卡尔.迪赛欧.对抗性设计[M].张黎,译.南京:江苏凤凰美术出版社,2016.
[5]Winner,Langdon."Do Artifacts Have Politics?"Daedalus(1980):121-136.
[6]Latour,Bruno.‘‘Where Are the Missing Masses?The Sociology of a Few Mundane Artifacts’’Wiebe E.Bijker and John Law,eds.,Shaping Technology/Building Society:Studies in Sociotechnical Change.Cambridge,Mass.:MIT Press,1992,P.225-258.
[7]Latour,Bruno.Reassembling the Social:An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory.Oxford university press,2005.
[8]Bennett,Jane.Vibrant Matter:A Political Ecology of Things.Duke University Press,2009.
[9]Achterhuis,Hans.Natuur Tussen Mythe En Techniek.Ambo,1995.
[10]Verbeek,Peter-Paul.What Things Do:Philosophical Reflections on Technology,Agency,and Design.Penn State Press,2005.
[11]SB Fawcett etc.Using empowerment theory in collaborative partnerships for community health and development.American Journal of Community Psychology,1995,23(5):677-97,P.679.
[12]罗兰斯认为要阐明对Empower概念的滥用与误读,清晰界定Power一词是其中的关键步骤。Power一词主要存在四种关系性的解读方式,分别是:Power Over,突出权力被掌控的关系;Power To,代表生成式或生产性权力,促成非支配关系的新可能与新行动;Power With,主张集体力量的形成;Power From Within,强调对自我的高度认可,并以此启迪他者。Rowlands,Joanna.Questioning Empowerment:Working with Women in Honduras.Oxford:Oxfam,1997,P.11-13.
[13]Mouffe,Chantal."Post-Marxism:democracy and identity."Environment and Planning D:Society and Space,13.3(1995):259-265,P.262.
[14]Mouffe,Chantal.The Democratic Paradox,Verso,2000.
[15]Mouffe,Chantal.Agonistics:Thinking the World Politically,Verso,2013,Introduction,XII.
[16]Mouffe,Chantal.On the Political.Routledge,2005,P.20.
[17]Freud,Sigmund.Civilization and Its Discontents.WWNorton&Company,2005,P.119.
[18]Anderson,Perry."Power,politics and the Enlightenment."in David Miliband ed.Reinventing the Left,Cambridge:Polity Press,1994,P.43.
[19]张黎.“从激进到思辨:设计如何催化社会梦想”[J].南京艺术学院学报(美术与设计版),2017(4):14-19.
[20]Beck,Ulrich.The Reinvention of Politics:Rethinking Modernity in the Global Social Order.Cambridge:Polity Press,1997.
[21]Beck,Ulrich.Risk Society:Towards a New Modernity.Sage,1992.
[22]Beck,Ulrich."World Risk Society and Manufactured Uncertainties."IRIS[Online],1.2(2009):291-299.
[23]Giddens,Anthony.Modernity and Self-identity:Self and Society in the Late Modern Age.Stanford university press,1991.
[24]Laclau,Ernesto,and Chantal Mouffe.Hegemony and Socialist Strategy:Towards a Radical Democratic Politics.Verso,1985.
[25]Hall,Peter."Critical Visualization"Paola Antonelli,eds.Design and the Elastic Mind,P.122-131.New York:Museum of Modern Art,2008,P.128.
[26]Suchman,Lucy.Human-machine reconfigurations:Plans and situated actions.Cambridge University Press,2006.
[27]Weiser,Mark."The computer for the 21st century."Mobile Computing and Communications Review,3.3(1999):3-11.
[28]Hebdige,Dick.Subculture:The Meaning of Style.New York:Routledge,1979.
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