混种少花龙葵嫁接后代对镉胁迫枇杷实生幼苗磷、钾养分吸收的影响
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摘要
为研究混种少花龙葵(Solanum photeinocarpum)嫁接后代对镉胁迫条件下枇杷[Eriobotrya japonica(Thumb.) Lindl.]养分吸收的影响,采用盆栽试验,将4种少花龙葵嫁接后代和枇杷实生幼苗(大五星枇杷和川早枇杷)混种种植于镉污染的土壤中,研究了混种对2种枇杷植物磷、钾养分的影响。结果表明,混种后,大五星枇杷和川早枇杷实生幼苗的全磷含量、全钾含量均高于单种,全磷含量较单种分别提高8.65%～96.49%和9.65%～97.37%,全钾含量较单种分别提高5.74%～45.92%和9.68%～52.42%。少花龙葵嫁接后代植株的全磷和全钾含量也得到不同程度的提高;混种后的土壤速效磷含量均高于两者单种的含量,而混种大五星枇杷实生幼苗的土壤速效磷含量低于其混种川早枇杷实生幼苗;混种后的土壤速效钾含量均高于两者单种的含量,其中,少花龙葵嫁接后代混种大五星枇杷实生幼苗的土壤速效钾含量低于其混种川早枇杷实生幼苗;混种后土壤蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性及过氧化氢酶活性均高于单种。由此可知,在镉胁迫条件下,少花龙葵嫁接后代混种枇杷实生幼苗的搭配方式合理,促进了两种植物养分的吸收。
To study the effects of intercropping with post-grafting generation of Solanum photeinocarpum on nutrients absorption of loquat[Eriobotrya japonica(Thumb.) Lindl.] under cadmium stress, four post-grafting generations of S. photeinocarpum were intercropped with loquat seedlings(Dawuxing and Chuanzao) in cadmium contaminated soil, and the pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of intercropping on phosphorus and potassium nutrients absorption of two plant species. Intercropping with post-grafting generation of S. photeinocarpum on phosphorus and potassium nutrient absorption of loquat seedling showed that, compared with the order was monoculture, intercropping could significantly improve the phosphorus and potassium nutrient uptake of loquat seedling, and total phosphorus contents increased by 8.65%～96.49% and 9.65%～97.37%, total potassium contents increased by 5.74% ～45.92% and 9.68% ～52.42%. Post-grafting generation of S. photeinocarpum on total phosphorus and total potassium contents have been improved to different extent; Compared with the order was monoculture,intercropping could significantly improve the soil available phosphorus content, but intercropping with post-grafting generation of S. photeinocarpum on soil available phosphorus content of Dawuxing loquat seedling lower than the Chuanzao loquat seedling; Intercropping could also significantly improve the soil available potassium content, and intercropping with post-grafting generation of S. photeinocarpum on soil available potassium content of Dawuxing loquat seedling was lower than the Chuanzao loquat seedling; Intercropping could also improve the soil invertase activity, urease activity and catalase activity. So the post-grafting generation of S. photeinocarpum intercropping with loquat seedlings was a reasonable collocation method under cadmium stress, which could promote the two kinds of plants absorption of nourishment.
To study the effects of intercropping with post-grafting generation of Solanum photeinocarpum on nutrients absorption of loquat[Eriobotrya japonica(Thumb.) Lindl.] under cadmium stress, four post-grafting generations of S. photeinocarpum were intercropped with loquat seedlings(Dawuxing and Chuanzao) in cadmium contaminated soil, and the pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of intercropping on phosphorus and potassium nutrients absorption of two plant species. Intercropping with post-grafting generation of S. photeinocarpum on phosphorus and potassium nutrient absorption of loquat seedling showed that, compared with the order was monoculture, intercropping could significantly improve the phosphorus and potassium nutrient uptake of loquat seedling, and total phosphorus contents increased by 8.65%～96.49% and 9.65%～97.37%, total potassium contents increased by 5.74% ～45.92% and 9.68% ～52.42%. Post-grafting generation of S. photeinocarpum on total phosphorus and total potassium contents have been improved to different extent; Compared with the order was monoculture,intercropping could significantly improve the soil available phosphorus content, but intercropping with post-grafting generation of S. photeinocarpum on soil available phosphorus content of Dawuxing loquat seedling lower than the Chuanzao loquat seedling; Intercropping could also significantly improve the soil available potassium content, and intercropping with post-grafting generation of S. photeinocarpum on soil available potassium content of Dawuxing loquat seedling was lower than the Chuanzao loquat seedling; Intercropping could also improve the soil invertase activity, urease activity and catalase activity. So the post-grafting generation of S. photeinocarpum intercropping with loquat seedlings was a reasonable collocation method under cadmium stress, which could promote the two kinds of plants absorption of nourishment.
引文
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[16]庞欣,王东红,彭安.铅胁迫对小麦幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].环境科学,2001,22(5):108-111.
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[18]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第三版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[2]夏立江,华珞,李向东.重金属污染生物修复机制及研究进展[J].核农学报,1998,12(1):60-65.
[3]阎晓明,何金柱.重金属污染土壤的微生物修复机理及研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2002,30(6):877-879.
[4] THRUPP L A. Linking agricultural biodiversity and food security:The valuable role of agrobiodiversity for sustainable agriculture[J].International affairs,2000,76(2):283-297.
[5]李少峰,铙文芳.混植对油菜主要农艺性状及产量的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2001(5):10-21.
[6]唐永金.混种栽培作物竞争的数学分析[J].生物数学学报,1998,13(2):215-218.
[7] VANDERMEER J. The ecology of intercropping[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
[8]李隆,李晓林,张福锁.小麦/大豆间作条件下作物养分吸收利用对间作优势的贡献[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(2):140-146.
[9] ZHU Y Y,CHEN H R,FAN J H,et al. Genetic diversity and disease control in rice[J].Nature,2000,406(6797):707-716.
[10] LI C,HE X,ZHU S,et al. Crop diversity for yield increase[J].PLoS ONE,2009,4(11):e8049.
[11]李华,惠竹梅,张振文,等.行间生草对葡萄园土壤肥力和葡萄叶片养分的影响[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(s1):116-119.
[12]李会科,张广军,赵政阳,等.黄土高原旱地苹果园生草对土壤养分的影响[J].园艺学报,2007,34(2):447-480.
[13]何炎森,翁锦周,李瑞美,等.自然生草覆盖对琯溪蜜柚果园土壤养分和果实产量的影响[J].亚热带农业研究,2005,4(1):45-48.
[14]郑重禄.柑桔园生草栽培的生态效应综述[J].中国南方果树,2012,41(1):30-35.
[15]毛培春,孟林,张国芳,等.白三叶对桃园小气候和桃品质的影响[J].草地学报,2006,14(4):360-364.
[16]庞欣,王东红,彭安.铅胁迫对小麦幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].环境科学,2001,22(5):108-111.
[17] PRASAD D D K,PRASAD A R K. Effect of lead and mercury on chlorophyll synthesis in mung bean seedlings[J].Phytochemistry,1987,26(4):881-883.
[18]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第三版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
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