Cu-P基非晶钎料及钎焊Cu/CuCrZr的接头组织研究
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摘要
无氧Cu和CuCrZr合金的连接是聚变装置中偏滤器部件加工的关键技术问题.本研究采用急冷甩带制备了Cu_(78.9)Ni_(11.3)P_(9.8)和Cu_(79.1)Ni_(5.4)P_(6.3)Sn_(9.2)两种非晶钎料,用于Cu和CuCrZr的钎焊连接.通过X-射线衍射、差示扫描量热和热差分析技术、光学金相和电子探针方法对比研究了两种非晶钎料的晶化与熔化行为、焊缝的元素成分分布、组织形貌和物相组成.结果表明:Cu_(78.9)Ni_(11.3)P_(9.8)和Cu_(79.1)Ni_(5.4)P_(6.3)Sn_(9.2)非晶的晶化模式不同,但两者的晶化和凝固产物均为(Cu,Ni)_3P与Cu固溶体相的混合组织,它们的液相线温度分别为661°C和645℃;两种非晶在735℃钎焊温度下均可获得由Cu固溶体、(Cu,Ni)_3P和(Ni,Cr,Cu)_2P金属间化合物相组成的无裂纹接头组织.其中,Cu_(79.1)Ni_(5.4)P_(6.3)Sn_(9.2)焊缝中的(Ni,Cr,Cu)_2P围绕(Cu,Ni)_3P晶粒呈网状连续析出,而Cu_(78.9)Ni_(11.3)P_(9.8)焊缝中的金属间化合物相不呈网状分布.
The joining of oxygen-free copper and CuCrZr alloy is crucial to fabrication of the divertors in various kinds of fusion reactors. In the present work, Cu-based amorphous alloys with low melting points are used as the filler metals for brazing Cu and CuCrZr. Rapidly quenched Cu_(78.9)Ni_(11)._3P_(9.8) and Cu_(79.1)Ni_(5.4)P_(6.3)Sn_(9.2) ribbon alloys were made by means of melt spinning. The crystallization and solidification behaviors of the amorphous alloys, along with the elemental distribution, microstructure, and component phases of the bonding seams were studied by using X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal analysis, optical microscopy, and electron probe microanalysis. The two amorphous alloys exhibited distinctly different crystallization behaviors, but the crystallization and solidification counterparts of them, were of the same kinds, respectively. Cu_(78.9)Ni_(11)._3P_(9.8) and Cu_(79.1)Ni_(5.4)P_(6.3)Sn_(9.2) exhibited liquidus temperatures as low as 661 ℃ and 645 ℃, respectively. Crack-free joints were obtained by brazing at 735 ℃ for 15 min. In particular, a continuous network of(Ni,Cr,Cu)_2P particles surrounding the(Cu,Ni)_3P phase was formed in the bonding seam produced by Cu_(79.1)Ni_(5.4)P_(6.3)Sn_(9.2), but was depressed in the case of Cu_(78.9)Ni_(11)._3P_(9.8).
The joining of oxygen-free copper and CuCrZr alloy is crucial to fabrication of the divertors in various kinds of fusion reactors. In the present work, Cu-based amorphous alloys with low melting points are used as the filler metals for brazing Cu and CuCrZr. Rapidly quenched Cu_(78.9)Ni_(11)._3P_(9.8) and Cu_(79.1)Ni_(5.4)P_(6.3)Sn_(9.2) ribbon alloys were made by means of melt spinning. The crystallization and solidification behaviors of the amorphous alloys, along with the elemental distribution, microstructure, and component phases of the bonding seams were studied by using X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal analysis, optical microscopy, and electron probe microanalysis. The two amorphous alloys exhibited distinctly different crystallization behaviors, but the crystallization and solidification counterparts of them, were of the same kinds, respectively. Cu_(78.9)Ni_(11)._3P_(9.8) and Cu_(79.1)Ni_(5.4)P_(6.3)Sn_(9.2) exhibited liquidus temperatures as low as 661 ℃ and 645 ℃, respectively. Crack-free joints were obtained by brazing at 735 ℃ for 15 min. In particular, a continuous network of(Ni,Cr,Cu)_2P particles surrounding the(Cu,Ni)_3P phase was formed in the bonding seam produced by Cu_(79.1)Ni_(5.4)P_(6.3)Sn_(9.2), but was depressed in the case of Cu_(78.9)Ni_(11)._3P_(9.8).
引文
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[8]KHIRWADKAR S S,SINGH K P,PATIL Y,et al.Fabrication and characterization of tungsten and graphite based PFC for divertor target elements of ITER like tokamak application[J].Fusion Engineering and Design,2011,86(9-11):1736-1740.DOI:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.01.111.
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[12]KALIN B A,SUCHKOV A N,FEDOTOV V T,et al.Brazing of the ITER first wall by a copper-based rapidly quenched ribbons-type filler metal[J].Fusion Science and Technology,2014,65(2):212-221.DOI:10.13182/FST13-667.
[13]张静,路文江,俞伟元,等.快冷铜基钎料真空钎焊的润湿性研究[J].兰州理工大学学报,2006,32(2):18-20.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5196.2006.02.005.ZHANG Jin,LU Wenjiang,YU Weiyuan,et al.Investigation of wettabil ity of rapidly solidified Cu-based brazing ribbons for vacuum brazing[J].Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology,2006,32(2):18-20.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5196.2006.02.005.(in Chinese)
[14]邹家生,王磊,汪成龙.微量锆对Cu-P基急冷钎料润湿性的影响[J].江苏科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,25(1):23-26.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-4807.2011.01.006.ZOU Jiasheng,WANG Lei,WANG Chenglong.Influence of micro Zr on Cu-P based quenching filler metal properties and wettability[J].Journal of Jiangsu U-niversity of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2011,25(1):23-26.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-4807.2011.01.006.(in Chinese)
[15]俞伟元,陈学定,路文江,等.非晶Cu-P钎料钎焊接头形成过程[J].焊接学报,2009,30(5):77-80.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0253-360X.2009.05.020.YU Weiyuan,CHEN Xueding,LU Wenjiang,et al.Bonding process of pure copper with amorphous Cu-Pinterlayer[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2009,30(5):77-80.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0253-360X.2009.05.020.(in Chinese)
[16]俞伟元,陈学定,路文江,等.非晶铜磷钎料升温过程中的组织演变[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2009,38(9):1626-1629.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1002-185x.2009.09.0027.YU Weiyuan,CHEN Xueding,LU Wenjiang,et al.Microstructure transformation during ramp-up of weld in brazing copper with Cu-P amorphous fillers[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2009,38(9):1626-1629.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1002-185x.2009.09.0027.
[17]张雪辉,林晨光,崔舜,等.SPS制备Al2O3-弥散强化铜合金及其显微组织[J].材料热处理学报,2013,34(11):1-5.ZHANG Xuehui,LIN Chenguang,CUI Sun,et al.Microstructure of Al2O3-dispersion strengthened copper prepared by SPS[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2013,34(11):1-5.(in Chinese)
[2]MEROLA M,AKIBA M,BARABASH V,et al.Overview on fabrication and joining of plasma facing and high heat flux materials for ITER[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2002,307:1524-1532.DOI:10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01070-X.
[3]RIGAL E,BUCCI P,LE MAROIS G.Fabrication of monoblock high heat flux components for ITER divertor upper vertical target using hot isostatic pressing diffusion welding[J].Fusion Engineering and Design,2000,49:317-322.DOI:10.1016/s0920-3796(00)00390-2.
[4]EDWARDS D J,SINGH B N,THTINEN S.Effect of heat treatments on precipitate microstructure and mechanical properties of a Cu Cr Zr alloy[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2007,367:904-909.DOI:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.03.064.
[5]IVANOV A D,NIKOLAEV A K,KALININ G M,et al.Effect of heat treatments on the properties of CuCr Zr alloys[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2002,307:673-676.DOI:10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01110-8.
[6]APPENDINO P,FERRARIS M,CASALEGNO V,et al.Direct joining of CFC to copper[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2004,329:1563-1566.DOI:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.313.
[7]APPENDINO P,FERRARIS M,CASALEGNO V,et al.Proposal for a new technique to join CFC composites to copper[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2006,348(1-2):102-107.DOI:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.09.007.
[8]KHIRWADKAR S S,SINGH K P,PATIL Y,et al.Fabrication and characterization of tungsten and graphite based PFC for divertor target elements of ITER like tokamak application[J].Fusion Engineering and Design,2011,86(9-11):1736-1740.DOI:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.01.111.
[9]CASALEGNO V,SALVO M,MURDACA S,et al.One-step brazing process for CFC monoblock joints and mechanical testing[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2009,393(2):300-305.DOI:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.06.015.
[10]BARABASH V R,KALININ G M,FABRITSIEV S A,et al.Specification of Cu Cr Zr alloy properties after various thermo-mechanical treatments and design allowables including neutron irradiation effects[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2011,417(1-3):904-907.DOI:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.12.158.
[11]俞伟元.非晶钎料的钎焊性能及钎焊机理[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2009.
[12]KALIN B A,SUCHKOV A N,FEDOTOV V T,et al.Brazing of the ITER first wall by a copper-based rapidly quenched ribbons-type filler metal[J].Fusion Science and Technology,2014,65(2):212-221.DOI:10.13182/FST13-667.
[13]张静,路文江,俞伟元,等.快冷铜基钎料真空钎焊的润湿性研究[J].兰州理工大学学报,2006,32(2):18-20.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5196.2006.02.005.ZHANG Jin,LU Wenjiang,YU Weiyuan,et al.Investigation of wettabil ity of rapidly solidified Cu-based brazing ribbons for vacuum brazing[J].Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology,2006,32(2):18-20.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5196.2006.02.005.(in Chinese)
[14]邹家生,王磊,汪成龙.微量锆对Cu-P基急冷钎料润湿性的影响[J].江苏科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,25(1):23-26.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-4807.2011.01.006.ZOU Jiasheng,WANG Lei,WANG Chenglong.Influence of micro Zr on Cu-P based quenching filler metal properties and wettability[J].Journal of Jiangsu U-niversity of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2011,25(1):23-26.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-4807.2011.01.006.(in Chinese)
[15]俞伟元,陈学定,路文江,等.非晶Cu-P钎料钎焊接头形成过程[J].焊接学报,2009,30(5):77-80.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0253-360X.2009.05.020.YU Weiyuan,CHEN Xueding,LU Wenjiang,et al.Bonding process of pure copper with amorphous Cu-Pinterlayer[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2009,30(5):77-80.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0253-360X.2009.05.020.(in Chinese)
[16]俞伟元,陈学定,路文江,等.非晶铜磷钎料升温过程中的组织演变[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2009,38(9):1626-1629.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1002-185x.2009.09.0027.YU Weiyuan,CHEN Xueding,LU Wenjiang,et al.Microstructure transformation during ramp-up of weld in brazing copper with Cu-P amorphous fillers[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2009,38(9):1626-1629.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1002-185x.2009.09.0027.
[17]张雪辉,林晨光,崔舜,等.SPS制备Al2O3-弥散强化铜合金及其显微组织[J].材料热处理学报,2013,34(11):1-5.ZHANG Xuehui,LIN Chenguang,CUI Sun,et al.Microstructure of Al2O3-dispersion strengthened copper prepared by SPS[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2013,34(11):1-5.(in Chinese)
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