农业生产集聚能否促进农民增收——来自淡水养殖的经验证据
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摘要
本文从理论上分析了农业生产集聚对农民收入的影响机制,并以淡水养殖为例,利用村户对接的调研数据进行实证检验。主要结论有:农业生产集聚和生产技术服务产生显著的交互作用,促进农民收入增加,相比技术推广服务,农业生产集聚和生产外包服务的交互作用更强烈;农业生产集聚和合作社组织模式产生显著的交互作用,促进农民增收,而农业生产集聚和"公司+农户"组织模式没有产生显著的交互作用;农业生产集聚对农民收入的影响存在门槛效应,来自淡水养殖的经验证据显示,当集聚程度低于门槛值0. 7619时,集聚对农民收入没有显著影响,当集聚程度高于门槛值时,能够显著促进农民收入增加,并且随着集聚效应被激活,农户个体差异对养殖收入的影响被削弱。
This paper analyzed the influence mechanism of agricultural agglomeration on the increase of farmers' income in theory,and empirically tested the theoretical assumptions using the survey data of villages and households working in freshwater aquaculture. Our main conclusions are:( 1) There is a significant interaction between agricultural agglomeration and production technology service,which can increase farmers' income. The interaction between agricultural agglomeration and production outsourcing service is stronger than technical extension service;( 2) There is a significant interaction between agricultural agglomeration and the model of cooperative organization, which can increase farmers ' income, but the interaction between agricultural agglomeration and the mode of "company + peasant household"is not significant;( 3) There is a threshold in the influence of agricultural agglomeration on farmers' income. Evidence from freshwater aquaculture shows that when the degree of agglomeration is below a threshold value of 0.7619,the agglomeration has no significant effect on the increase of farmers' income,while when the degree of agglomeration is higher than the threshold value,agglomeration can significantly increase farmers' income,and with the effect of agglomeration is activated,the effects of farmers' individual characteristics on farmers' income are weakened.
This paper analyzed the influence mechanism of agricultural agglomeration on the increase of farmers' income in theory,and empirically tested the theoretical assumptions using the survey data of villages and households working in freshwater aquaculture. Our main conclusions are:( 1) There is a significant interaction between agricultural agglomeration and production technology service,which can increase farmers' income. The interaction between agricultural agglomeration and production outsourcing service is stronger than technical extension service;( 2) There is a significant interaction between agricultural agglomeration and the model of cooperative organization, which can increase farmers ' income, but the interaction between agricultural agglomeration and the mode of "company + peasant household"is not significant;( 3) There is a threshold in the influence of agricultural agglomeration on farmers' income. Evidence from freshwater aquaculture shows that when the degree of agglomeration is below a threshold value of 0.7619,the agglomeration has no significant effect on the increase of farmers' income,while when the degree of agglomeration is higher than the threshold value,agglomeration can significantly increase farmers' income,and with the effect of agglomeration is activated,the effects of farmers' individual characteristics on farmers' income are weakened.
引文
1.Jabbour L.Determinants of Internantional Vertical Specialization and Implications on Techonogy Spillovers.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleun,2015,54(2):188~196
2.Patacchini E,Zenou Y.The Strength of Weak Ties in Crime.European Economic Review,2008,52(2):209~236
3.Pamphile K D.Transaction Costs in the Trading System of Cashew Nuts in the North of Benin:a Field Study.American Journal of Economics and Sociology,2012(2):277~296
4.Ito J,Z Bao,Q Su.Distributional Effects of Cooperatives in China:Exclusion of Smallholders and Potential Gains on Participation.Food Policy,2012,37(6):700~709
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6.Rosenthal S,Strange C.Geography,Industrial Organization and Agglomeration.Review of Economics and Statistics,2003:377~393
7.Duranton G,Overman G.Testing for Localization Using Micro-geographic Data.The Review of Economic Studies,2005,72(4):1077~1106
8.Hansen G,Prescott E.Malthus to Solow.American Economic Review,2002,94(4):1205~1217
9.Chen Z,Huffman E,Rozelle S.Farm Technology and Technical Efficiency:Evidence from Four Regions in China.China Economic Review,2009,20(2):153~161
10.Taylor E,Lopez-Feldman A.Dose Migration Make Rural Households More Produtive?Evidence from Mexico,The Journal of Development Studies,2010,46(1):68~90
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12.卫龙宝,李静.我国茶叶产业集聚与技术效率分析.经济问题探索,2014(2):58~62
13.李博伟,徐翔.农业生产集聚、技术支撑主体嵌入对农户采纳新技术行为的空间影响---以淡水养殖为例.南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018(1):124~136+164
14.王战营.交易费用,网络协同与产业结构优化---兼论政府干预产业集群发展的经济效应.财政研究,2012(10):69~71
15.杨丽君.农业产业集聚对农民收入的影响效应探讨.湖北农业科学,2013(11):2708~2712+2716
16.杜建军,张军伟,邵帅.供给侧改革背景下中国农业产业集聚的形成演变研究.财贸研究,2017(5):33~46+99
17.蔡荣,蔡书凯.农业生产环节外包实证研究---基于安徽省水稻主产区的调查.农业技术经济,2014(4):34~42
18.仇叶.小规模土地农业机械化的道路选择与实现机制---对基层内生机械服务市场的分析.农业经济问题,2017(2):55~64+111
19.高启杰,姚云浩,董杲.合作农业推广模式选择的影响因素分析.农业经济问题,2015(3):47~53+111
20.李博伟,徐翔.社会网络、信息流动与农民采用新技术---格兰诺维特“弱关系假设”的再检验.农业技术经济,2017(12):98~109
21.张晓敏,严斌剑,周应恒.损耗控制、农户议价能力与农产品销售价格---基于对河北、湖北两省梨果种植农户的调查.南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2012(3):54~59
22.王亚飞,王爽.我国农业产业化进程中龙头企业与农户的博弈分析与改进---兼论不同组织模式的制度特性.农业经济问题,2013(11):50~57+111
23.邓衡山,王文灿.合作社的本质规定与现实检视---中国到底有没有真正的农民合作社.中国农村经济,2014(7):15~26+38
24.卫龙宝,李静.农业产业集群内社会资本和人力资本对农民收入的影响---基于安徽省茶叶产业集群的微观数据.农业经济问题,2014(12):41~47
25.范剑勇,冯猛,李方文.产业集聚与企业全要素生产率.世界经济,2014(5):51~73
26.黄林秀,邹新阳.农户特征、农地金融需求与农业发展---基于黑龙江和重庆两地的实证分析.农业技术经济,2015(5):114~121
27.许长新,林剑婷,宋敏.水土匹配、空间效应及区域农业经济增长---基于中国2003-2013的经验分析.中国人口·资源与环境,2016(7):153~158
28.张忠明,钱文荣.不同兼业程度下的农户土地流转意愿研究---基于浙江的调查与实证.农业经济问题,2014(3):19~24
(1)农业技术推广法. 1993
(2)尽管近年来出现了多元化的农业技术推广体系,但总体上仍然以政府主导的农业技术推广为主(高启杰等,2015)
*为避免产品种类差异造成的模型误差,本研究仅选择普通淡水鱼养殖户作为调查对象,不包括高经济价值淡水产品养殖户
**由于存在农户兼业,选择土地要素集中度比劳动要素集中度能更客观的反映村庄淡水养殖要素集聚程度
***现阶段淡水养殖的生产外包服务主要包括育苗技术、调水技术以及鱼病诊断防治
****仅包括正式运行的合作社,挂牌但不运行的合作社不计入
(1)非农收入比重小于10%的为纯农户; 10%~50%的为一兼户;超过50%的为二兼户(张忠明等,2014)
*为了简化模型,本文仅考虑一重门槛的情况
2.Patacchini E,Zenou Y.The Strength of Weak Ties in Crime.European Economic Review,2008,52(2):209~236
3.Pamphile K D.Transaction Costs in the Trading System of Cashew Nuts in the North of Benin:a Field Study.American Journal of Economics and Sociology,2012(2):277~296
4.Ito J,Z Bao,Q Su.Distributional Effects of Cooperatives in China:Exclusion of Smallholders and Potential Gains on Participation.Food Policy,2012,37(6):700~709
5.Rosenthal S,Strange C.Evidence on the Nature and Sources of Agglomeration Economies.Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics,2004(4):2119~2171
6.Rosenthal S,Strange C.Geography,Industrial Organization and Agglomeration.Review of Economics and Statistics,2003:377~393
7.Duranton G,Overman G.Testing for Localization Using Micro-geographic Data.The Review of Economic Studies,2005,72(4):1077~1106
8.Hansen G,Prescott E.Malthus to Solow.American Economic Review,2002,94(4):1205~1217
9.Chen Z,Huffman E,Rozelle S.Farm Technology and Technical Efficiency:Evidence from Four Regions in China.China Economic Review,2009,20(2):153~161
10.Taylor E,Lopez-Feldman A.Dose Migration Make Rural Households More Produtive?Evidence from Mexico,The Journal of Development Studies,2010,46(1):68~90
11.王艳荣,刘业政.农业产业集聚对农民收入影响效应研究.农业技术经济,2011(9):50~57
12.卫龙宝,李静.我国茶叶产业集聚与技术效率分析.经济问题探索,2014(2):58~62
13.李博伟,徐翔.农业生产集聚、技术支撑主体嵌入对农户采纳新技术行为的空间影响---以淡水养殖为例.南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018(1):124~136+164
14.王战营.交易费用,网络协同与产业结构优化---兼论政府干预产业集群发展的经济效应.财政研究,2012(10):69~71
15.杨丽君.农业产业集聚对农民收入的影响效应探讨.湖北农业科学,2013(11):2708~2712+2716
16.杜建军,张军伟,邵帅.供给侧改革背景下中国农业产业集聚的形成演变研究.财贸研究,2017(5):33~46+99
17.蔡荣,蔡书凯.农业生产环节外包实证研究---基于安徽省水稻主产区的调查.农业技术经济,2014(4):34~42
18.仇叶.小规模土地农业机械化的道路选择与实现机制---对基层内生机械服务市场的分析.农业经济问题,2017(2):55~64+111
19.高启杰,姚云浩,董杲.合作农业推广模式选择的影响因素分析.农业经济问题,2015(3):47~53+111
20.李博伟,徐翔.社会网络、信息流动与农民采用新技术---格兰诺维特“弱关系假设”的再检验.农业技术经济,2017(12):98~109
21.张晓敏,严斌剑,周应恒.损耗控制、农户议价能力与农产品销售价格---基于对河北、湖北两省梨果种植农户的调查.南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2012(3):54~59
22.王亚飞,王爽.我国农业产业化进程中龙头企业与农户的博弈分析与改进---兼论不同组织模式的制度特性.农业经济问题,2013(11):50~57+111
23.邓衡山,王文灿.合作社的本质规定与现实检视---中国到底有没有真正的农民合作社.中国农村经济,2014(7):15~26+38
24.卫龙宝,李静.农业产业集群内社会资本和人力资本对农民收入的影响---基于安徽省茶叶产业集群的微观数据.农业经济问题,2014(12):41~47
25.范剑勇,冯猛,李方文.产业集聚与企业全要素生产率.世界经济,2014(5):51~73
26.黄林秀,邹新阳.农户特征、农地金融需求与农业发展---基于黑龙江和重庆两地的实证分析.农业技术经济,2015(5):114~121
27.许长新,林剑婷,宋敏.水土匹配、空间效应及区域农业经济增长---基于中国2003-2013的经验分析.中国人口·资源与环境,2016(7):153~158
28.张忠明,钱文荣.不同兼业程度下的农户土地流转意愿研究---基于浙江的调查与实证.农业经济问题,2014(3):19~24
(1)农业技术推广法. 1993
(2)尽管近年来出现了多元化的农业技术推广体系,但总体上仍然以政府主导的农业技术推广为主(高启杰等,2015)
*为避免产品种类差异造成的模型误差,本研究仅选择普通淡水鱼养殖户作为调查对象,不包括高经济价值淡水产品养殖户
**由于存在农户兼业,选择土地要素集中度比劳动要素集中度能更客观的反映村庄淡水养殖要素集聚程度
***现阶段淡水养殖的生产外包服务主要包括育苗技术、调水技术以及鱼病诊断防治
****仅包括正式运行的合作社,挂牌但不运行的合作社不计入
(1)非农收入比重小于10%的为纯农户; 10%~50%的为一兼户;超过50%的为二兼户(张忠明等,2014)
*为了简化模型,本文仅考虑一重门槛的情况
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