青少年心理素质与自杀意念:一个有调节的中介模型
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摘要
为探讨心理素质、领悟社会支持、负性生活事件与青少年自杀意念的关系及内在作用机制,建立了一个有调节作用的中介模型,并采用中学生心理素质量表、领悟社会支持量表、青少年生活事件量表和青少年自杀意念量表对全国2 035名中学生进行调查.结果显示:①青少年心理素质对自杀意念有显著的正向预测作用;②心理素质既可以直接影响青少年自杀意念,也可以通过领悟社会支持间接对自杀意念产生影响;③负性生活事件对该中介模型起到了调节作用,即负性生活事件较多时,心理素质和领悟社会支持对自杀意念的负向预测作用更强.认为领悟社会支持在心理素质与青少年自杀意念的关系中起部分中介作用,且该中介过程会受到负性生活事件的调节作用.
To explore the relationship among psychological suzhi, perceived social support, negative life events and suicidal ideation of adolescents, a sample of 2035 middle school students was recruited in the study to complete the questionnaires about psychological suzhi, perceived social support, negative life events and suicidal ideation. The results showed that psychological suzhi of an adolescent had a significant forward prediction of his suicidal ideation; that not only did psychological suzhi have a direct effect on suicidal ideation, it also affected suicidal ideation through perceived social support; and that negative life events moderated the relationship between psychological suzhi and suicidal ideation. In other words, with more negative life events, psychological suzhi and perceived social support would have a greater negative prediction of suicidal ideation. In conclusion, perceived social support partially mediates the relationship between psychological suzhi and suicidal ideation, and this indirect effect is moderated by negative life events.
To explore the relationship among psychological suzhi, perceived social support, negative life events and suicidal ideation of adolescents, a sample of 2035 middle school students was recruited in the study to complete the questionnaires about psychological suzhi, perceived social support, negative life events and suicidal ideation. The results showed that psychological suzhi of an adolescent had a significant forward prediction of his suicidal ideation; that not only did psychological suzhi have a direct effect on suicidal ideation, it also affected suicidal ideation through perceived social support; and that negative life events moderated the relationship between psychological suzhi and suicidal ideation. In other words, with more negative life events, psychological suzhi and perceived social support would have a greater negative prediction of suicidal ideation. In conclusion, perceived social support partially mediates the relationship between psychological suzhi and suicidal ideation, and this indirect effect is moderated by negative life events.
引文
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[22] 胡天强,张大均,程刚.中学生心理素质问卷(简化版)的修编及信效度检验 [J].西南大学学报(社会科学版),2017,43(2):120-126.
[23] 汪向东,王希林,马弘.心理卫生评定量表(增订版) [M].北京:中国心理卫生杂志社,131-133.
[24] 刘贤臣,刘连启,杨杰,等.青少年生活事件量表的编制与信度效度测试 [J].山东精神医学,1997,10(1):15-19.
[25] 王学志,宫火良,康晓然,等.青少年自杀意念量表中文版在高中生应用的信效度分析 [J].中国健康心理学杂志,2011,19(8):964-966.
[26] 周浩,龙立荣.共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法 [J].心理科学进展,2004,12(6):942-950.
[27] RICH A R,KIRKPATRICK-SMITH J,BONNER R L,et al.Gender Differences in the Psychosocial Correlates of Suicidal Ideation among Adolescents [J].Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior,1992,22(3):364-373.
[28] BOLIN J H.Hayes,Andrew F.(2013).Introduction to Mediation,Moderation,and Conditional Process Analysis:A Regression-Based Approach.New York,NY:The Guilford Press [J].Journal of Educational Measurement,2014,51(3):335-337.
[29] LIU G,ZHANG D,PAN Y,et al.The Effect of Psychological Suzhi on Problem Behaviors in Chinese Adolescents:The Mediating Role of Subjective Social Status and Self-Esteem [J].Frontiers in Psychology,2017,(8):1-9.
[30] OH H J,LEE K M,JUNG S P.The Factor Associated with Suicide Risk of High School Students Using the Adolescent Mental Health and Problem Behavior Screening Questionnaire-II [J].Korean Journal of Health Promotion,2016,16(3):162.
[31] MASTEN A S,REED M G J.Resilience in Development [M] // SNYDER C R,LOPEZ S J.Handbook of Positive Psychology.New York:Oxford University Press,2002:74-88.
[2] NANAYAKKARA S,MISCH D,CHANG L,et al.Depression and Exposure to Suicide Predict Suicide Attempt [J].Depression and Anxiety,2013,30(10):991-996.
[3] BECK A,DAVIS J R,FREDERICK C J,et al.Classification and Nomenclature [M] //RESNICK H L P,HATHORNE B C.Suicide Prevention in the Seventies.Washington,DC:U.S.Government Printing Office,1973:7-12.
[4] MIRANDA R,ORTIN A,SCOTT M,et al.Characteristics of Suicidal Ideation that Predict the Transition to Future Suicide Attempts in Adolescents [J].Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,2014,55(11):1288-1296.
[5] 游雅媛,叶宝娟,唐日新,等.家庭功能对中学生自杀意念的影响:有调节的中介效应 [J].中国临床心理学杂志,2017,25(6):1101-1103,1068.
[6] YAO Y S,CHANG W W,JIN Y L,et al.Life Satisfaction,Coping,Self-Esteem and Suicide Ideation in Chinese Adolescents:A School-Based Study [J].Child:Care,Health and Development,2014,40(5):747-752.
[7] 齐晓栋,张大均,邵景进,等.气质性乐观与心理健康关系的元分析 [J].心理发展与教育,2012,28(4):392-404.
[8] 张大均,王鑫强.心理健康与心理素质的关系:内涵结构分析 [J].西南大学学报(社会科学版),2012,38(3):69-74,174.
[9] 王鑫强,张大均.青少年心理素质与心理健康关系模型研究 [M].北京:科学出版社,2015.
[10] CHAPMAN T,CHI TC.Perceived Social Support Mediates the Link between Optimism and Active Coping [J].Journal of Behavioral and Social Sciences,2017,(4):57-65.
[11] KONG F,DING K,ZHAO J J.The Relationships among Gratitude,Self-Esteem,Social Support and Life Satisfaction among Undergraduate Students [J].Journal of Happiness Studies,2015,16(2):477-489.
[12] KLEIMAN E M,RISKIND J H.Utilized Social Support and Self-Esteem Mediate the Relationship between Perceived Social Support and Suicide Ideation [J].Crisis,2013,34(1):42-49.
[13] MILLER A B,ESPOSITO-SMYTHERS C,LEICHTWEIS R N.Role of Social Support in Adolescent Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts [J].Journal of Adolescent Health,2015,56(3):286-292.
[14] BRONFENBRENNER U.Ecological Systems Theory [M] //VASTA R.Six Theories of Child Development:Revised Formulations and Current Issues.Greenwich,CT:JAI Press,1989:187-249.
[15] WANG Y Q,SAREEN J,AFIFI T O,et al.A Population-Based Longitudinal Study of Recent Stressful Life Events as Risk Factors for Suicidal Behavior in Major Depressive Disorder [J].Archives of Suicide Research,2015,19(2):202-217.
[16] JOHNSON J,WOOD A M,GOODING P,et al.Resilience to Suicidality:The Buffering Hypothesis [J].Clinical Psychology Review,2011,31(4):563-591.
[17] JOHNSON J,GOODING P A,WOOD A M,et al.Resilience as Positive Coping Appraisals:Testing the Schematic Appraisals Model of Suicide (SAMS) [J].Behaviour Research and Therapy,2010,48(3):179-186.
[18] 张敏,陈志霞.希望特质在生活事件与自杀意念关系中的调节作用 [J].中国特殊教育,2013(2):76-80.
[19] HEIKKINEN M,ARO H,L?NNQVIST J.Life Events and Social Support in Suicide [J].Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior,1993,23(4):343-358.
[20] KIM J M,STEWART R,KIM S W,et al.Interactions between a Serotonin Transporter Gene,Life Events and Social Support on Suicidal Ideation in Korean Elders [J].Journal of Affective Disorders,2014,160:14-20.
[21] PENN J V,ESPOSITO C L,SCHAEFFER L E,et al.Suicide Attempts and Self-Mutilative Behavior in a Juvenile Correctional Facility [J].Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry,2003,42(7):762-769.
[22] 胡天强,张大均,程刚.中学生心理素质问卷(简化版)的修编及信效度检验 [J].西南大学学报(社会科学版),2017,43(2):120-126.
[23] 汪向东,王希林,马弘.心理卫生评定量表(增订版) [M].北京:中国心理卫生杂志社,131-133.
[24] 刘贤臣,刘连启,杨杰,等.青少年生活事件量表的编制与信度效度测试 [J].山东精神医学,1997,10(1):15-19.
[25] 王学志,宫火良,康晓然,等.青少年自杀意念量表中文版在高中生应用的信效度分析 [J].中国健康心理学杂志,2011,19(8):964-966.
[26] 周浩,龙立荣.共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法 [J].心理科学进展,2004,12(6):942-950.
[27] RICH A R,KIRKPATRICK-SMITH J,BONNER R L,et al.Gender Differences in the Psychosocial Correlates of Suicidal Ideation among Adolescents [J].Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior,1992,22(3):364-373.
[28] BOLIN J H.Hayes,Andrew F.(2013).Introduction to Mediation,Moderation,and Conditional Process Analysis:A Regression-Based Approach.New York,NY:The Guilford Press [J].Journal of Educational Measurement,2014,51(3):335-337.
[29] LIU G,ZHANG D,PAN Y,et al.The Effect of Psychological Suzhi on Problem Behaviors in Chinese Adolescents:The Mediating Role of Subjective Social Status and Self-Esteem [J].Frontiers in Psychology,2017,(8):1-9.
[30] OH H J,LEE K M,JUNG S P.The Factor Associated with Suicide Risk of High School Students Using the Adolescent Mental Health and Problem Behavior Screening Questionnaire-II [J].Korean Journal of Health Promotion,2016,16(3):162.
[31] MASTEN A S,REED M G J.Resilience in Development [M] // SNYDER C R,LOPEZ S J.Handbook of Positive Psychology.New York:Oxford University Press,2002:74-88.
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