酶菌复合制剂对奶牛生产性能和体细胞数的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究酶菌复合制剂对奶牛生产性能和体细胞数的影响。选取年龄、胎次、泌乳天数及生理性状相近的荷斯坦奶牛240头,随机为成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10头牛。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5、1.0和1.5 kg/t的酶菌复合制剂,预试期10 d,正试期40 d,分别于试验第10、20、30、40天采集牛粪便,利用粪便分析筛对牛粪便组成进行分析。分别在试验第1、20、40天采集乳样,采用乳汁分析仪测定各组乳样中乳脂率、乳蛋白率、非脂固形物和奶中体细胞数(SCC),试验期间记录每头牛平均日产奶量(ADMY)及平均日采食量(ADFI)。试验结果表明,添加酶菌复合制剂能够显著增加奶牛平均日产奶量(P<0.05),提高牛乳中乳蛋白和乳脂肪含量(P<0.05),降低体细胞数(P<0.05),改善粪便结构。综合试验结果,酶菌复合制剂应用于奶牛养殖的最优添加量为1.0 kg/t,可以提高奶牛产奶量,降低牛体细胞数。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound preparations of protease and probiotics on production performance and somatic cell count of dairy cows.240 dairy cows with similar age,parity,lactation day and physiological trait were randomly assigned to 4 groups with each group 6 replicates,10 dairy cows per replicate.Control group was fed basal diet,groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were added 0.5,1.0 and 1.5 kg/t of compound preparations of protease and probiotics in the basal diet,respectively.The pre-test period was 10 d,and the test period was 40 d.Cow feces were collected at 10 th,20 th,30 th,and 40 th day,and the composition of cow feces was analyzed by fecal analysis sieve.Milk samples were collected on the 1 st,20 th and 40 th day of the experiment.The milk fat rate,milk protein rate,non-fat solids and somatic cells(SCC) in milk were measured by milk analyzer.The average daily milk yield(ADMY) and average daily feed intake(ADFI) of each cow was recorded during the test.The results indicated that compound preparation of protease and probiotics groups could significantly increase the cow milk yield(P<0.05) and the protein and fat content in milk(P<0.05),decrease somatic cell counts(P<0.05),improve feces structure.In conclusion,the optimum adding amount of compound preparations of protease and probiotics was 1.0 kg/t,it could improve the milk quality and reduce the number of somatic cells in dairy cows.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound preparations of protease and probiotics on production performance and somatic cell count of dairy cows.240 dairy cows with similar age,parity,lactation day and physiological trait were randomly assigned to 4 groups with each group 6 replicates,10 dairy cows per replicate.Control group was fed basal diet,groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were added 0.5,1.0 and 1.5 kg/t of compound preparations of protease and probiotics in the basal diet,respectively.The pre-test period was 10 d,and the test period was 40 d.Cow feces were collected at 10 th,20 th,30 th,and 40 th day,and the composition of cow feces was analyzed by fecal analysis sieve.Milk samples were collected on the 1 st,20 th and 40 th day of the experiment.The milk fat rate,milk protein rate,non-fat solids and somatic cells(SCC) in milk were measured by milk analyzer.The average daily milk yield(ADMY) and average daily feed intake(ADFI) of each cow was recorded during the test.The results indicated that compound preparation of protease and probiotics groups could significantly increase the cow milk yield(P<0.05) and the protein and fat content in milk(P<0.05),decrease somatic cell counts(P<0.05),improve feces structure.In conclusion,the optimum adding amount of compound preparations of protease and probiotics was 1.0 kg/t,it could improve the milk quality and reduce the number of somatic cells in dairy cows.
引文
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[13] 陈雅坤,王建平,卜登攀,等.复合酶制剂对瘤胃发酵及泌乳早期奶牛生产性能的影响[J].草业学报,2018,27(4):170-177.CHEN Y K,WANG J P,PU D P,et al.Effect of complex enzyme on rumen fermentation and milk production in early lactation dairy cows[J].Acta Pratacurae Sinica,2018,27(4):170-177.(in Chinese)
[14] 李艳玲,张民,柴建民,等.外源性复合酶制剂对体外瘤胃发酵及奶牛产奶性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(9):2911-2919.LI Y L,ZHANG M,CHAI J M,et al.Effect of exogenous compound enzyme preparation on rumen fermentation in vitro and milk production performance of dairy cows[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(9):2911-2919.(in Chinese)
[15] HERNANDEZ A,KHOLIF A E,LUGO-COYOTE R,et al.The effect of garlic oil,xylanase enzyme and yeast on biomethane and carbon dioxide production from 60 d old Holstein dairy calves fed a high concentrate diet[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,142:2384-2392.
[16] 陈亮,卢向阳,周传社,等.微生态制剂在成年泌乳奶牛养殖上的应用[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(19):97-100.CHEN L,LU X Y,ZHOU C S,et al.Application of microecological preparations in adult lactating dairy cattle breeding[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2013,49(19):97-100.(in Chinese)
[17] 王红梅,屠焰,张乃锋,等.饲用酶制剂在反刍动物营养中的应用进展[J].草业学报,2017,26(3):199-213.WANG H M,TU Y,ZHANG N F,et al.Advances in application of feeding enzyme preparation in ruminant nutrition[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(3):199-213.
[18] 张慧林,余文文,刘小林,等.牛乳中体细胞数与产奶量和乳成分的相关分析[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(4):1-4.ZHANG H L,YU W W,LIU X L,et al.Correlation analysis between the number of somatic cells in milk and milk yield and milk composition[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2010,19(4):1-4.(in Chinese)
[19] MIEKLEY B,TRAULSEN I,KRIETER J.Detection of mastitis and lameness in dairy cows using wavelet analysis[J].Livestock Science,2012,148(3):227-236.
[20] SPANIOL J S,OLTRAMARI C E,LOCATELLI M,et al.Influence of probiotic on somatic cell count in milk and immune system of dairy cows[J].Comparative Clinical Pathology,2015,24(3):677-681.
[21] TEWOLDEBRHAN T A,APPUHAMY J,LEE J J,et al.Exogenous β-mannanase improves feed conversion efficiency and reduces somatic cell count in dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(1):244-252.
[2] THOMAS A D.Supplementation of two novel probiotics in the diet of lactating dairy cows[D].Ames:Iowa State University,2017.
[3] XU H,HUANG W,HOU Q,et al.The effects of probiotics administration on the milk production,milk components and fecal bacteria microbiota of dairy cows[J].Science Bulletin,2017,62(11):767-774.
[4] ROMERO J J,MACIAS E G,MA Z X,et al.Improving the performance of dairy cattle with a xylanase-rich exogenous enzyme preparation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(5):3486-3496.
[5] 王红梅,屠焰,司丙文,等.不同配伍酶制剂处理玉米秸秆对肉用绵羊生长性能和营养物质消化率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(24):4806-4813.WANG H M,TU Y,SI B W,et al.Effects of corn straw treated with different compatibility enzymes on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of mutton sheep[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(24):4806-4813.(in Chinese)
[6] 丁昕颖,佟桂芝,张淑芬,等.微生态制剂对奶牛乳成分和体细胞数的影响[J].饲料研究,2016,13:28-30.DING X Y,TONG G Z,ZHANG S F,et al.Effects of microecological preparations on milk composition and somatic cell count of dairy cows[J].Feed Research,2016,13:28-30.(in Chinese)
[7] 文风,毛春艳,邓艳益,等.益倍健1801提高奶牛生产性能的应用研究[A].第七届中国奶业大会论文集[C].2016.WEN F,MAO C Y,DENG Y Y,et al.Application research of Yibenjian 1801 to improve production performance of dairy cows[A].Proceedings of the 7th China Dairy Industry Conference[C].2016.(in Chinese)
[8] 边佳伟,霍路曼,高艳霞,等.微生态制剂在奶牛营养调控进展中的应用[J].今日畜牧兽医,2017,12:14-15.BIAN J W,HUO L M,GAO Y X,et al.Application of microecological preparations in the progress of nutrition regulation of dairy cows[J].Today Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2017,12:14-15.(in Chinese)
[9] ROSSOW H A,RIORDAN T,RIORDAN A.Effects of addition of a live yeast product on dairy cattle performance[J].Journal of Applied Animal Research,2018,46(1):159-163.
[10] 夏天婵,罗学明,常誉,等.不同益生菌对南方夏季泌乳中后期奶牛生产性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(21):81-85.XIA T C,LUO X M,CHANG Y,et al.Effects of different probiotics on the performance of dairy cows in the middle and late lactation in southern China[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2016,52(21):81-85.(in Chinese)
[11] 吕世民,李晓云,姬翠英,等.奶牛专用益生菌饲喂泌乳牛试验及效果分析[J].中国奶牛,2016,3:8-12.LYU S M,LI X Y,JI C Y,et al.Experiment and effect analysis of dairy cows feeding probiotics to lactating cows[J].China Dairy Cattle,2016,3:8-12.(in Chinese)
[12] ROJO R,KHOLIF A E,SALEM A Z M,et al.Influence of cellulase addition to dairy goat diets on digestion and fermentation,milk production and fatty acid content[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,2015,153(8):1514-1523.
[13] 陈雅坤,王建平,卜登攀,等.复合酶制剂对瘤胃发酵及泌乳早期奶牛生产性能的影响[J].草业学报,2018,27(4):170-177.CHEN Y K,WANG J P,PU D P,et al.Effect of complex enzyme on rumen fermentation and milk production in early lactation dairy cows[J].Acta Pratacurae Sinica,2018,27(4):170-177.(in Chinese)
[14] 李艳玲,张民,柴建民,等.外源性复合酶制剂对体外瘤胃发酵及奶牛产奶性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(9):2911-2919.LI Y L,ZHANG M,CHAI J M,et al.Effect of exogenous compound enzyme preparation on rumen fermentation in vitro and milk production performance of dairy cows[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(9):2911-2919.(in Chinese)
[15] HERNANDEZ A,KHOLIF A E,LUGO-COYOTE R,et al.The effect of garlic oil,xylanase enzyme and yeast on biomethane and carbon dioxide production from 60 d old Holstein dairy calves fed a high concentrate diet[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,142:2384-2392.
[16] 陈亮,卢向阳,周传社,等.微生态制剂在成年泌乳奶牛养殖上的应用[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(19):97-100.CHEN L,LU X Y,ZHOU C S,et al.Application of microecological preparations in adult lactating dairy cattle breeding[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2013,49(19):97-100.(in Chinese)
[17] 王红梅,屠焰,张乃锋,等.饲用酶制剂在反刍动物营养中的应用进展[J].草业学报,2017,26(3):199-213.WANG H M,TU Y,ZHANG N F,et al.Advances in application of feeding enzyme preparation in ruminant nutrition[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(3):199-213.
[18] 张慧林,余文文,刘小林,等.牛乳中体细胞数与产奶量和乳成分的相关分析[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(4):1-4.ZHANG H L,YU W W,LIU X L,et al.Correlation analysis between the number of somatic cells in milk and milk yield and milk composition[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2010,19(4):1-4.(in Chinese)
[19] MIEKLEY B,TRAULSEN I,KRIETER J.Detection of mastitis and lameness in dairy cows using wavelet analysis[J].Livestock Science,2012,148(3):227-236.
[20] SPANIOL J S,OLTRAMARI C E,LOCATELLI M,et al.Influence of probiotic on somatic cell count in milk and immune system of dairy cows[J].Comparative Clinical Pathology,2015,24(3):677-681.
[21] TEWOLDEBRHAN T A,APPUHAMY J,LEE J J,et al.Exogenous β-mannanase improves feed conversion efficiency and reduces somatic cell count in dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(1):244-252.
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