地质大数据特点及其合理开发利用
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摘要
大数据的合理开发与利用将开辟一个新的认知空间,提出解决各种实际问题的新模式,催生一个前所未有的数字经济新领域和开创一个新的人类生活方式。"数学地质"与"信息技术"结合形成"数字地质"。"数字地质"是地质科学的"数据科学"。地质数据科学是用数据的方法研究地质学,根据地质数据的特点和地质工作的需要研究和开发利用地质大数据。本文概述了地质数据的混合性、抽样性、因果性、时空性、多态性和多元性等主要特点,提出地质大数据的开发利用宜首先建立"知识库",据此建立"数据库""模型库"和"方法库",以便有针对性地做到获取、分析、研究和应用大数据。
Rational development and utilization of geological big data may open up new recognition space,create new approaches to problem solving,as well as promote a new form of digital economy and construct a new way of life.Integration of mathematical geology and information technology has emerged as a new scientific discipline known as the "Digital Geology",i.e.the "Digital Science"of geological sciences.Geological digital science uses digital methodology to study geological sciences as well as develops and utilizes geological big data according to the characteristics of geological data and the demands of geological problems.Here we first elaborate on the main characteristics of geological data including mixed population,population sampling,causality,spatial-temporal property,multiple-states and multivariate variables with diverse sources.Further,we propose to construct a"knowledge base"prior to building"data base","model base"and"method base"in order to facilitate big data acquisition and analysis for geological research and application.
Rational development and utilization of geological big data may open up new recognition space,create new approaches to problem solving,as well as promote a new form of digital economy and construct a new way of life.Integration of mathematical geology and information technology has emerged as a new scientific discipline known as the "Digital Geology",i.e.the "Digital Science"of geological sciences.Geological digital science uses digital methodology to study geological sciences as well as develops and utilizes geological big data according to the characteristics of geological data and the demands of geological problems.Here we first elaborate on the main characteristics of geological data including mixed population,population sampling,causality,spatial-temporal property,multiple-states and multivariate variables with diverse sources.Further,we propose to construct a"knowledge base"prior to building"data base","model base"and"method base"in order to facilitate big data acquisition and analysis for geological research and application.
引文
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[33]YU Y J,ZOU C N,DONG D Z,et al.Geological conditions and prospect forecast of shale gas formation in Qiangtang Basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(2):598-619.
[34]HAO Z G,FEI H C,HAO Q Q,et al.Reserves of natural gas hydrates equivalent to 100-150billion m3 natural gas has been discovered in the Pearl Mouth Basin of the South China Sea[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(1):361.
[35]LI Y B,DAI W Y,MING Z,et al.Privacy protection for preventing data over-collection in smart city[J].IEEETransactions on Computers,2016,65(5):1339-1350.
[36]MA Y,WU H P,WANG L Z,et al.Remote sensing big data computing[J].Future Generation Computer Systems,2015,51(C):47-60.
[37]REN M Y,CHEN J P,SHAO K,et al.Metallogenic information extraction and quantitative prediction process of seafloor massive sulfide resources in the Southwest Indian Ocean[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2016,76:108-121.
[2]甘晓.推动地球大数据产业健康发展[N].中国矿业报,2018-08-17(8).
[3]MACHLUP F.The production and distribution of knowledge in the United States[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press,1962:234.
[4]PORAT M U.The information economy:definition and measurement[M].Washington DC:Government Printing Office,1977.
[5]STIGLER G J.The economics of information[J].Journal of Political Economy,1961,69(3):213-225.
[6]ARROW K J.The economics of information:an exposition[M].Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1984:267.
[7]俞立平.大数据与大数据经济学[J].中国软科学,2013(7):177-183.
[8]张兰廷.大数据的社会价值与战略选择[D].北京:中共中央党校,2014.
[9]李华杰,史丹,马丽梅.基于大数据方法的经济研究:前沿进展与研究综述[J].经济学家,2018(6):96-104.
[10]杨汝岱.大数据与经济增长[J].财经问题研究,2018(2):10-13.
[11]JEDLIN′SKA R.The effect of virtual economy on the real economy-selected issues[J].Research Papers of Wrocaw University of Economics,2015,395:104-116.
[12]MARKOVIC′D.Universalization and virtualization of the market economy,financial and real economy and the concept of global sustainable development[J].Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pri2tini,2015,45(1):123-142.
[13]SINCLAIR A J.Applications of probability graphs in mineral exploration[M].Ontario:Association of Exploration Geochemists,1976.
[14]赵鹏大.大数据时代需重视数字地质研究[N].中国国土资源报,2013-03-14(6).
[15]赵鹏大,胡旺亮,李紫金.矿床统计预测[M].北京:地质出版社,1983.
[16]MAYER-SCHNBERGER V,CUKIER K.Big data:a revolution that will transform how we live,work,and think[M].London:John Murray,2013.
[17]张旗,焦守涛,卢欣祥.论地质研究中的因果关系和相关关系:大数据研究的启示[J].岩石学报,2018,34(2):275-280.
[18]翟裕生.试论矿床成因的基本模型[J].地学前缘,2014,21(1):1-8.
[19]BAUMANN P,MAZZETTI P,UNGAR J,et al.Big data analytics for Earth sciences:the Earth Server approach[J].International Journal of Digital Earth,2016,9(1):3-29.
[20]杨宗喜,唐金荣,周平,等.大数据时代下美国地质调查局的科学新观[J].地质通报,2013,32(9):1337-1343.
[21]National Science Foundation.Earth Cube guidance for the community[EB/OL].(2011-10-05)[2018-08-24].https:∥www.nsf.gov/pubs/2011/nsf11085/nsf11085.pdf.
[22]FOLGER P.Geospatial information and geographic information systems(GIS):current issues and future challenges[R].New York:Diane Publishing Company,2010.
[23]Sierra Systems Group Inc.Geonova portal architecture and implementation plan[EB/OL].(2003-07-21)[2018-08-26].https:∥wenku.baidu.com/view/8c63e742be1e650e52ea9961.html.
[24]Geoconnections.The Canadian geospatial data infrastructure[EB/OL].(2005-09-14)[2018-08-23].http:∥www.isotc211.org/WorkshopMontreal/Presentations/Stewart.pdf.
[25]缪谨励,屈红刚,许哲,等.地学大数据技术研究实验平台GeoBDA[J].地理信息世界,2014,21(6):48-52.
[26]杨宇谦.地勘单位参与“大数据”项目建设的现状、问题及对策[J].中国国土资源经济,2018(7):31-34.
[27]李超岭,李健强,张宏春,等.智能地质调查大数据应用体系架构与关键技术[J].地质通报,2015,34(7):1288-1299.
[28]周晓方,陆嘉恒,李翠平,等.从数据管理视角看大数据挑战[J].中国计算机学会通讯,2012,8(9):16-20.
[29]李国庆,邬延辉.大数据时代的对地观测科学研究[J].中国计算机学会通讯,2013,9(9):27-31.
[30]FOTHERINGHAM A S,WONG D W S.The modifiable areal unit problem in multivariate statistical analysis[J].Environment and Planning A,1991,23(7):1025-1044.
[31]HAN J W,TUNG A K H,HE J.SPARC:spatial association rule-based classification[M]∥GROSSMAN R L,KA-MATH C,KEGELMEYER P.Data Mining for scientific and engineering applications.Boston:Springer,2001:461-485.
[32]SUN Y Z.Important achievement and advance of natural gas geology and geochemical exploration in China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2015,89(4):1411.
[33]YU Y J,ZOU C N,DONG D Z,et al.Geological conditions and prospect forecast of shale gas formation in Qiangtang Basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(2):598-619.
[34]HAO Z G,FEI H C,HAO Q Q,et al.Reserves of natural gas hydrates equivalent to 100-150billion m3 natural gas has been discovered in the Pearl Mouth Basin of the South China Sea[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(1):361.
[35]LI Y B,DAI W Y,MING Z,et al.Privacy protection for preventing data over-collection in smart city[J].IEEETransactions on Computers,2016,65(5):1339-1350.
[36]MA Y,WU H P,WANG L Z,et al.Remote sensing big data computing[J].Future Generation Computer Systems,2015,51(C):47-60.
[37]REN M Y,CHEN J P,SHAO K,et al.Metallogenic information extraction and quantitative prediction process of seafloor massive sulfide resources in the Southwest Indian Ocean[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2016,76:108-121.
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