Cu含量对大应变轧制Al-Cu-Mg合金微观组织及力学行为的影响
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摘要
采用光学金相显微镜、X射线衍射、拉伸试验、扫描电镜、透射电镜等技术,研究Cu含量对Al-Cu-Mg合金微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:铸态Al-Cu-Mg合金中存在明显的树枝晶,沿晶界分布着大量块状S(Al_2CuMg)和θ(Al_2Cu)析出相。均匀化退火处理后,非平衡低熔点相基本熔入基体,晶间组织分布趋于均匀。大应变轧制变形后,3种Al-Cu-Mg合金中均得到典型的纤维状组织,合金中的第二相主要为S(Al_2CuMg)相、θ(Al_2Cu)相和T(Al_(20)Cu_2Mn_3)相,沿晶界呈连续而均匀分布。经时效处理后,3种Al-Cu-Mg合金均表现出优异的综合力学性能,Cu含量为2%(质量分数)时,Al-Cu-Mg合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为507 MPa、430 MPa和10.3%;合金的力学性能随着Cu含量的增加呈递增趋势,当Cu含量为4.5%时,Al-Cu-Mg合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为644 MPa、547 MPa和10.5%。
The effects of Cu content on microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Mg alloy were investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, tensile tester, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results show that there is obvious dendrite segregation in as-cast Al-Cu-Mg alloys, and a large number of massive S(Al_2CuMg) and θ(Al_2Cu) precipitates are distributed along the grain boundaries. After homogenization annealing treatment, the non-equilibrium low-melting phases are substantially dissolved into the matrix, and the intergranular structure distribution tends to be more uniform. After large strain rolling deformation, typical fibrous structures are obtained in the three kinds of Al-Cu-Mg alloys and the main secondary phases in the alloys are S(Al_2CuMg), θ(Al_2Cu) and T(Al_(20)Cu_2Mn_3), which are continuous along the grain boundaries and evenly distributed.After aging treatment, all three kinds of Al-Cu-Mg alloys exhibit excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. When the Cu content is 2%(mass fraction), the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation are 507 MPa, 430 MPa and 10.3%,respectively. With the increase of Cu content, the mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Mg alloys show increasing trends, and the increase of Cu content has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the alloy. When the Cu content is 4.5%,the tensile strength, yield strength, and the elongation of Al-Cu-Mg alloy are 644 MPa, 547 MPa, and 10.5%,respectively.
The effects of Cu content on microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Mg alloy were investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, tensile tester, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results show that there is obvious dendrite segregation in as-cast Al-Cu-Mg alloys, and a large number of massive S(Al_2CuMg) and θ(Al_2Cu) precipitates are distributed along the grain boundaries. After homogenization annealing treatment, the non-equilibrium low-melting phases are substantially dissolved into the matrix, and the intergranular structure distribution tends to be more uniform. After large strain rolling deformation, typical fibrous structures are obtained in the three kinds of Al-Cu-Mg alloys and the main secondary phases in the alloys are S(Al_2CuMg), θ(Al_2Cu) and T(Al_(20)Cu_2Mn_3), which are continuous along the grain boundaries and evenly distributed.After aging treatment, all three kinds of Al-Cu-Mg alloys exhibit excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. When the Cu content is 2%(mass fraction), the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation are 507 MPa, 430 MPa and 10.3%,respectively. With the increase of Cu content, the mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Mg alloys show increasing trends, and the increase of Cu content has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the alloy. When the Cu content is 4.5%,the tensile strength, yield strength, and the elongation of Al-Cu-Mg alloy are 644 MPa, 547 MPa, and 10.5%,respectively.
引文
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[13]KANG W,LI H Y,ZHAO S X,HAN Y,YANG C L,MA G.Effects of homogenization treatments on the microstructure evolution,microhardness and electrical conductivity of dilute Al-Sc-Zr-Er alloys[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,704:683-692.
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[15]ZHU S Q,YAN H G,CHEN J H,WU Z Y,DU Y G,LIAO XZ.Fabrication of Mg-Al-Zn-Mn alloy sheets with homogeneous fine-grained structures using high strain-rate rolling in a wide temperature range[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2013,559:765-772.
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[17]CHEN Chao,CHEN Ji-hua,YAN Hong-ge,SU Bin,SONGMin,ZHU Su-qin.Dynamic precipitation,microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-5Zn-1Mn alloy sheets prepared by high strain-rate rolling[J].Materials and Design,2016,100:58-66.
[18]周学浩,孙有平,王文熙,何江美,李旺珍.轧制温度对大应变轧制Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金组织与力学性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2017,42(9):21-25.ZHOU Xue-hao,SUN You-ping,WANG Wen-xi,HEJiang-mei,LI Wang-zhen.Effect of temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy fabricated by severe strain rolling[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2017,42(9):21-25.
[19]SHEN Fang-hua,YI Dan-qing,WANG Bin,LIU Hui-qun,JIANG Yong,TANG Cong.Semi-quantitative evaluation of texture components and anisotropy of the yield strength in2524 T3 alloy sheets[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2016,675:386-395.
[20]SHEN Fang-hua,WANG Bin,YI Dan-qing,LIU Hui-qun,TANG Cong,SHOU Wen-bin.Effects of heating rate during solid-solution treatment on microstructure and fatigue properties of AA2524 T3 Al-Cu-Mg sheet[J].Materials and Design,2016,104:116-125.
[21]SHEN Fang-hua,WANG Bin,LIU Hui-qun,JIANG Yong,TANG Cong,SHOU Wen-bin,PAN Su-ping,CHENYu-qiang,YI Dan-ying.Effects of secondary particleinduced recrystallization on fatigue crack growth in AA2524/Al-Cu-Mg T3 alloy sheets[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2016,685:571-580.
[22]SINGH D,NAGESWARA RAO R,JAYAGANTHAN R.Effect of deformation temperature on mechanical properties of ultrafine grained Al-Mg alloys processed by rolling[J].Materials and Design,2013,50:646-655.
[23]CHENG S,ZHAO Y H,ZHU Y T,MA E S.Optimizing the strength and ductility of fine structured 2024Al alloy by nano-precipitation[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55(17):5822-5832.
[24]NIRANJANI V L,HARI KUMAR K C,SUBRAMANYA SV.Development of high strength Al-Mg-Si AA6061 alloy through cold rolling and ageing[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2009,515:169-174.
[25]STARINK M J,WANG S C.A model for the yield strength of overaged Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2003,51(17):5131-5150.
[26]祝国川,熊柏青,佟有志,张永安,黄树晖,李志辉,李锡武,李明原.固溶处理对7B52铝合金板材力学性能和断裂行为的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2017,27(5):877-884.ZHU Guo-chuan,XIONG Bai-qing,TONG You-zhi,ZHANG Yong-an,HUANG Shu-hui,LI Zhi-hui,LI Xi-wu,LI Ming-yuan.Effect of solution treatment on mechanical properties and fracture behavior of 7B52 aluminum alloy plate[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2017,27(5):877-884.
[27]黄敏,陈轶,李超,陈军洲,汝继刚.7A12-T7352铝合金高温力学性能及断裂行为研究[J].航空材料学报,2014,34(1):82-85.HUANG Min,CHEN Yi,LI Chao,CHEN Jun-zhou,RUJi-gang.High temperature mechanical properties and fracture characteristics of 7A12-T7352[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2014,34(1):82-85.
[2]LIN Y C,XIA Y C,JIANG Y Q,LI L T.Precipitation in Al-Cu-Mg alloy during creep exposure[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2012,556:796-800.
[3]宋艳芳,潘清林,丰雷,王迎,李晨.Mg含量对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金组织与力学性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2013,23(7):1812-1818.SONG Yan-fang,PAN Qing-lin,FENG Lei,WANG Ying,LIChen.Effects of Mg content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2013,23(7):1812-1818.
[4]刘兵,彭超群,王日初,王小锋,李婷婷.大飞机用铝合金的研究现状及展望[J].中国有色金属学报,2010,20(9):1705-1715.LIU Bing,PENG Chao-qun,WANG Ri-chu,WANGXiao-feng,LI Ting-ting.Recent development and prospects for giant plane aluminum alloys[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2010,20(9):1705-1715.
[5]孙有平,张扬扬,敖哲,韩俊,何江美.2524铝合金轧制板材热稳定性研究[J].材料导报,2015,29(S2):508-510,541.SUN You-ping,ZHANG Yang-yang,AO Zhe,HAN Jun,HEJiang-mei.Investigation on thermal-stability of 2524Al alloy fabricated by hot rolling[J].Materials Review,2015,29(S2):508-510,541.
[6]曹素芳,潘清林,刘晓艳,陆智伦,何运斌,李文斌.外加应力对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金时效析出行为的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2010,20(8):1513-1519.CAO Su-fang,PAN Qing-lin,LIU Xiao-yan,LU Zhi-lun,HEYun-bin,LI Wen-bin.Effects of external stress on aging precipitation behavior of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2010,20(8):1513-1519.
[7]DURSUN T,SOUTIS C.Recent developments in advanced aircraft aluminium alloy[J].Materials and Design,2014,56:862-871.
[8]HEINZ A,HASZLER A,KEIDEL C,MOLDENHAUER S,BENEDICTUS R,MILLER W.S.Recent development in aluminum alloy aerospace applications[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2000,280:102-107.
[9]雷彬彬,周志明,黄伟九,唐丽文.Al-Cu-Mg高强铝合金的研究进展[J].热加工工艺,2012,41(2):41-45.LEI Bin-bin,ZHOU Zhi-ming,HUANG Jiu-wei,TANGLi-wen.Development of high-strength Al-Cu-Mg alloy[J].Hot Working Technology,2012,41(2):41-45.
[10]戴圣龙,张坤,杨守杰,黄敏.先进航空铝合金材料与应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2012.DAI Sheng-long,ZHANG Kun,YANG Shou-jie,HUANGMin.Advanced area nautical aluminum alloy materials technology and application[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2012.
[11]孙萍,陈忠家,刘程,王克廷.Cu含量对Al-Cu合金板材组织及性能的影响[J].有色金属加工,2012,41(2):31-34.SUN Ping,CHEN Zhong-jia,LIU Cheng,WANG Ke-ting.Influence of copper content on the microstructure and properties of Al-Cu alloy plate[J].Nonferrous Metals Processing,2012,41(2):31-34.
[12]肖代红,王健农,陈康华.Cu含量对Al-Cu-0.4Mg-0.6Ag合金组织与力学性能的影响[J].有色金属,2009,61(1):6-10.XIAO Dai-hong,WANG Jian-nong,CHEN Kang-hua.Effect of Cu content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-0.4Mg-0.6Ag alloy[J].Nonferrous Metals,2009,61(1):6-10.
[13]KANG W,LI H Y,ZHAO S X,HAN Y,YANG C L,MA G.Effects of homogenization treatments on the microstructure evolution,microhardness and electrical conductivity of dilute Al-Sc-Zr-Er alloys[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,704:683-692.
[14]SUN F F,NASH G L,LI Q Y,LIU E Z,HE C N,SHI C S,ZHUO N Q.Effect of Sc and Zr additions on microstructures and corrosion behavior of Al-Cu-Mg-Sc-Zr alloys[J].Journal of Materials Science&Technology,2017,33:1015-1022.
[15]ZHU S Q,YAN H G,CHEN J H,WU Z Y,DU Y G,LIAO XZ.Fabrication of Mg-Al-Zn-Mn alloy sheets with homogeneous fine-grained structures using high strain-rate rolling in a wide temperature range[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2013,559:765-772.
[16]ZHU S Q,YAN H G,CHEN J H,WU Y Z,SU B,DU Y G,LIAO X Z.Feasibility of high strain-rate rolling of a magnesium alloy across a wide temperature range[J].Scripta Materialia,2012,67:404-407.
[17]CHEN Chao,CHEN Ji-hua,YAN Hong-ge,SU Bin,SONGMin,ZHU Su-qin.Dynamic precipitation,microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-5Zn-1Mn alloy sheets prepared by high strain-rate rolling[J].Materials and Design,2016,100:58-66.
[18]周学浩,孙有平,王文熙,何江美,李旺珍.轧制温度对大应变轧制Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金组织与力学性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2017,42(9):21-25.ZHOU Xue-hao,SUN You-ping,WANG Wen-xi,HEJiang-mei,LI Wang-zhen.Effect of temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy fabricated by severe strain rolling[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2017,42(9):21-25.
[19]SHEN Fang-hua,YI Dan-qing,WANG Bin,LIU Hui-qun,JIANG Yong,TANG Cong.Semi-quantitative evaluation of texture components and anisotropy of the yield strength in2524 T3 alloy sheets[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2016,675:386-395.
[20]SHEN Fang-hua,WANG Bin,YI Dan-qing,LIU Hui-qun,TANG Cong,SHOU Wen-bin.Effects of heating rate during solid-solution treatment on microstructure and fatigue properties of AA2524 T3 Al-Cu-Mg sheet[J].Materials and Design,2016,104:116-125.
[21]SHEN Fang-hua,WANG Bin,LIU Hui-qun,JIANG Yong,TANG Cong,SHOU Wen-bin,PAN Su-ping,CHENYu-qiang,YI Dan-ying.Effects of secondary particleinduced recrystallization on fatigue crack growth in AA2524/Al-Cu-Mg T3 alloy sheets[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2016,685:571-580.
[22]SINGH D,NAGESWARA RAO R,JAYAGANTHAN R.Effect of deformation temperature on mechanical properties of ultrafine grained Al-Mg alloys processed by rolling[J].Materials and Design,2013,50:646-655.
[23]CHENG S,ZHAO Y H,ZHU Y T,MA E S.Optimizing the strength and ductility of fine structured 2024Al alloy by nano-precipitation[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55(17):5822-5832.
[24]NIRANJANI V L,HARI KUMAR K C,SUBRAMANYA SV.Development of high strength Al-Mg-Si AA6061 alloy through cold rolling and ageing[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2009,515:169-174.
[25]STARINK M J,WANG S C.A model for the yield strength of overaged Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2003,51(17):5131-5150.
[26]祝国川,熊柏青,佟有志,张永安,黄树晖,李志辉,李锡武,李明原.固溶处理对7B52铝合金板材力学性能和断裂行为的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2017,27(5):877-884.ZHU Guo-chuan,XIONG Bai-qing,TONG You-zhi,ZHANG Yong-an,HUANG Shu-hui,LI Zhi-hui,LI Xi-wu,LI Ming-yuan.Effect of solution treatment on mechanical properties and fracture behavior of 7B52 aluminum alloy plate[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2017,27(5):877-884.
[27]黄敏,陈轶,李超,陈军洲,汝继刚.7A12-T7352铝合金高温力学性能及断裂行为研究[J].航空材料学报,2014,34(1):82-85.HUANG Min,CHEN Yi,LI Chao,CHEN Jun-zhou,RUJi-gang.High temperature mechanical properties and fracture characteristics of 7A12-T7352[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2014,34(1):82-85.
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