基于CBR的机械式大豆排种器设计重用技术
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摘要
为缩短机械式大豆排种器设计周期,降低设计成本,研究了机械式大豆排种器设计重用技术。运用物元模型表示排种器设计知识,构建排种器实例物元数据库,并与排种器参数化模型库共同组成排种器实例库;将排种器实例属性划分为基本参数、匹配参数和评价参数,通过基本参数的匹配缩小检索范围,利用改进的最近邻算法计算匹配参数和评价参数的相似度,实现相似实例的快速检索;利用规则关联的方法建立设计需求与排种器参数化模型主驱动参数间变换关系,通过对模型主驱动参数的调整实现实例的修改;采用Visual Basic语言、结合计算机辅助三维交互应用(Computer aided three-dimensional interactive application,CATIA)软件实现机械式大豆排种器交互式设计重用,运用工程离散元方法(Engineering discrete element method,EDEM)对重用排种器进行虚拟仿真,根据仿真分析结果提出改进意见,并对改进后的排种器进行仿真验证与台架试验。结果表明,改进后的排种器作业性能得到了提高,验证了该设计重用技术的可行性和有效性,可为农机装备的智能化设计研究提供技术借鉴。
In order to reuse the design knowledge of mechanical soybean seed metering device,shorten the design cycle and reduce the design cost,the design reuse technology of mechanical soybean metering device was studied. It's difficult to describe the design knowledge qualitatively and quantitatively of the traditional knowledge representation method of case-based reasoning( CBR), such as frame representation,semantic network representation,predicate logic representation and so on. In order to realize the visualization, standardization and unification of design knowledge, the product design knowledge was described in the form of case matter element which contained case name,characteristic attribute and measure value. The method was beneficial to the effective use of design knowledge. In order to facilitate case storage and retrieval,the organization structure and case creation method of the design reuse were studied,Classification of basic hierarchy by seed-metering device category,and a case base was constructed which case model was corresponding to the case matter element,and some case relational matter elements were contained in the case base. This kind of organization structure was beneficial to the retrieval and reuse of examples,which made the restorage of cases follow the rules and provided convenience for the management and maintenance of the case library. At the same time,the components of the products were no longer isolated individuals,which fully reflected the overall characteristics of the products. In order to quickly retrieve the instance that met the design requirements from the case library,the characteristic property parameters of the instance were divided into basic parameters,matching parameters and evaluation parameters. The retrieval range can be reduced to a specific type and operation speed of seed metering device for retrieval by the selection of basic parameters. Similarity of cases was calculated by using improved nearest neighbor algorithm. The weight of the attributes of an instance can be determined by expert scoring or analytic hierarchy process( AHP) method,which can reduce the amount of computation and improve the efficiency and accuracy of retrieval. In order to meet the specific design requirements of the user,the quantitative relationship between the design requirements and the structural parameters of the instance was established by using the method of rule association,and the rapid revision of the case was realized by modifying the key parts of the case-parameterized model. An example of mechanical soybean seed metering device design reuse was given,the case library was constructed by using Access and computer aided three-dimensional interactive application( CATIA),and the retrieval,evaluation and correction system of metering device was developed by Visual Basic.According to the current job object,the feasibility of the similar metering device was verified by using engineering discrete element method( EDEM) software and the modification suggestions were put forward. Finally,the simulation and prototype test of the revised metering device were carried out. The results showed that the improved metering device can meet the current requirements. The feasibility and effectiveness of the design reuse technology was validated. At the same time,it can also provide technical reference for intelligent design of other types of mechanical equipment.
In order to reuse the design knowledge of mechanical soybean seed metering device,shorten the design cycle and reduce the design cost,the design reuse technology of mechanical soybean metering device was studied. It's difficult to describe the design knowledge qualitatively and quantitatively of the traditional knowledge representation method of case-based reasoning( CBR), such as frame representation,semantic network representation,predicate logic representation and so on. In order to realize the visualization, standardization and unification of design knowledge, the product design knowledge was described in the form of case matter element which contained case name,characteristic attribute and measure value. The method was beneficial to the effective use of design knowledge. In order to facilitate case storage and retrieval,the organization structure and case creation method of the design reuse were studied,Classification of basic hierarchy by seed-metering device category,and a case base was constructed which case model was corresponding to the case matter element,and some case relational matter elements were contained in the case base. This kind of organization structure was beneficial to the retrieval and reuse of examples,which made the restorage of cases follow the rules and provided convenience for the management and maintenance of the case library. At the same time,the components of the products were no longer isolated individuals,which fully reflected the overall characteristics of the products. In order to quickly retrieve the instance that met the design requirements from the case library,the characteristic property parameters of the instance were divided into basic parameters,matching parameters and evaluation parameters. The retrieval range can be reduced to a specific type and operation speed of seed metering device for retrieval by the selection of basic parameters. Similarity of cases was calculated by using improved nearest neighbor algorithm. The weight of the attributes of an instance can be determined by expert scoring or analytic hierarchy process( AHP) method,which can reduce the amount of computation and improve the efficiency and accuracy of retrieval. In order to meet the specific design requirements of the user,the quantitative relationship between the design requirements and the structural parameters of the instance was established by using the method of rule association,and the rapid revision of the case was realized by modifying the key parts of the case-parameterized model. An example of mechanical soybean seed metering device design reuse was given,the case library was constructed by using Access and computer aided three-dimensional interactive application( CATIA),and the retrieval,evaluation and correction system of metering device was developed by Visual Basic.According to the current job object,the feasibility of the similar metering device was verified by using engineering discrete element method( EDEM) software and the modification suggestions were put forward. Finally,the simulation and prototype test of the revised metering device were carried out. The results showed that the improved metering device can meet the current requirements. The feasibility and effectiveness of the design reuse technology was validated. At the same time,it can also provide technical reference for intelligent design of other types of mechanical equipment.
引文
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[2]王军,张宗超,何平,等.面向快速智能设计的产品实例数据精简与重构[J].机械设计,2017,34(11):22-26.WANG Jun,ZHANG Zongchao,HE Ping,et al. Case data reduction and reconstruction for rapid and intelligent product design[J]. Journal of Machine Design,2017,34(11):22-26.(in Chinese)
[3]周临震.产品快速设计系统通用平台的研究与开发[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2013(2):54-57.ZHOU Linzhen. A research on general platform design in rapid product design system[J]. Modular Machine Tool&Automatic Manufacturing Technique,2013(2):54-57.(in Chinese)
[4]杨宇,李成华,张国梁.基于实例推理的铲式玉米精密播种机设计[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(12):51-55.YANG Yu,LI Chenghua,ZHANG Guoliang. Design method of precision spade punch planter of maize based on CBR[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(12):51-55.(in Chinese)
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[6]陈黎卿,郑媛媛,陈无畏,等.基于适应性重构的分动器设计系统开发[J].机械设计,2013,30(7):1-5.CHEN Liqing,ZHENG Yuanyuan,CHEN Wuwei,et al. Development of transfer case design system based on adaptive reconfiguration[J]. Journal of Machine Design,2013,30(7):1-5.(in Chinese)
[7]程贤福,李文杰,王浩伦.基于相似性、重用性和定制柔性的产品设计适应性评价方法[J].现代制造工程,2017(6):156-161.CHENG Xianfu,LI Wenjie,WANG Haolun. A new evaluation method of design adaptability based on similarity,reuse and customized flexibility[J]. Modern Manufacturing Engineering,2017(6):156-161.(in Chinese)
[8]武守飞,潘晓弘,张勇,等.面向大批量定制的设计重用支撑平台研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2009,15(2):258-264.WU Shoufei,PAN Xiaohong,ZHANG Yong,et al. Design reuse supporting platform for mass customization[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2009,15(2):258-264.(in Chinese)
[9]李博.设计重用研究综述[J].计算机集成制造系统,2014,20(3):453-463.LI Bo. Review on design reuse[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2014,20(3):453-463.(in Chinese)
[10]文家富,郭伟,邵宏宇.基于领域本体和CBR的案例知识检索方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2017,23(7):1377-1385.WEN Jiafu,GUO Wei,SHAO Hongyu. Case retrieve methodology based on domain ontology and case-based reasoning[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2017,23(7):1377-1385.(in Chinese)
[11]陈友东,韩美华,叶进军.基于CBR的数控设备故障诊断系统知识表示[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2011,37(12):1557-1561.CHEN Youdong,HAN Meihua,YE Jinjun. Knowledge representation for CNC equipment fault diagnosis system based on CBR[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2011,37(12):1557-1561.(in Chinese)
[12]宋正河,毕淑琴,金晓萍,等.履带式收获机械传动系快速设计推理方法[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(增刊2):268-272.SONG Zhenghe,BI Shuqin,JIN Xiaoping,et al. Rapid design reasoning method for crawler harvester transmission system[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(Supp. 2):268-272. http:∥www. j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=2013s250&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298.2013. S2. 050.(in Chinese)
[13]徐元浩,殷国富,许德帮,等.基于CBR的机床导轨智能设计研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(12):177-186.XU Yuanhao,YIN Guofu,XU Debang,et al. Research on intelligent design of machine tool rails based on CBR[J]. Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),2014,36(12):177-186.(in Chinese)
[14]赵秀艳,宋正河,张开兴,等.基于多属性决策的农机专业底盘实例推理方法[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(2):370-377.ZHAO Xiuyan,SONG Zhenghe,ZHANG Kaixing,et al. Evaluation method of agricultural machinery professional chassis'cases[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(2):370-377. http:∥www. jcsam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20170250&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn.1000-1298. 2017. 02. 050.(in Chinese)
[15] BOTAR-JID C C,AVRAMENKO Y,KRASLAWSKI A,et al. Case-based selection of a model of a reverse flow reactor[J].Chemical Engineering&Processing:Process Intensification,2010,49(1):74-83.
[16] CABANILLAS D,BONADA F,VENTURA R,et al. A combination of knowledge and argumentation based system for supporting injection mould design[J]. Frontiers in Artficial Intelligence and Applications,2013,37(6):293-296.
[17] WANG P J,GONG Y D,XIE H L,et al. Applying CBR to machine tool product configuration design oriented to customer requirements[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,30(1):60-76.
[18]王相兵,童水光,钟崴,等.基于可拓重用的液压挖掘机结构性能方案设计[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2013,47(11):1992-2002.WANG Xiangbing,TONG Shuiguang,ZHONG Wei,et al. Study on scheme design technique for hydraulic excavator's structure performance based on extension reuse[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2013,47(11):1992-2002.(in Chinese)
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