饲料中添加玛卡对草鱼生长性能和免疫功能的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在探究饲料中添加玛卡对草鱼生长性能和免疫功能的影响。选取体重为(9.0±0.4) g的健康草鱼,驯化暂养2周后随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复60尾。5组草鱼分别饲喂基础饲料中添加0(对照组)、0.2、1.0、5.0和10.0 g/kg玛卡粉末的试验饲料,连续投喂8周后对草鱼的生长性能、免疫功能相关指标进行测定。饲养试验结束后,对各组草鱼进行胁迫试验和攻毒试验,对胁迫环境和疾病感染应激情况下草鱼的存活率进行测定。结果显示:与对照组相比,饲料中添加不同水平的玛卡可不同程度地降低草鱼的饲料系数,提高草鱼的终末体重、增重率、摄食量及内脏器官指数。其中,5.0 g/kg组的作用效果最佳,其终末体重、增重率、饲料系数以及脾脏指数、头肾指数和性腺指数与对照组的差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05);此外,与对照组相比,饲料中添加5.0 g/kg玛卡显著提高了整个试验期内草鱼血清中溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性以及白蛋白、总蛋白、补体3和免疫球蛋白M的含量(P<0.05),显著提高了草鱼在亚硝态氮胁迫和假单胞菌感染应激情况下的存活率(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,在饲料中添加适宜水平的玛卡可提高草鱼的生长性能和免疫功能,增强草鱼在胁迫环境和疾病感染应激情况下的抵抗力。综合分析,草鱼饲料中玛卡的添加量以5.0 g/kg为宜。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of maca( Lepidium meyenii) supplementation on growth performance and immune function of grass carp( Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Healthy grass carp with the body weight of( 9.0±0.4) g were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and60 fish per replicate after 2 weeks domestication period. Fish in the 5 groups were fed experimental diets supplemented with 0( control group) 0.2,1.0,5.0 and 10.0 g/kg maca powder based on a basal diet,respectively. The feeding experiment carried out for 8 weeks. The growth performance,immune function related indexes were determined at the end of experiment. After the feeding experiment,stress test and challenge test were carried for fish in each group,and the survival rate of grass carp under the stimulation of nitrite nitrogen stress and disease infection were determined. The results showed that diets supplemented with different levels of maca could reduce the feed conversion ratio and enhance the final body weight,weight gain rate,feed intake and visceral organ indexes of grass carp at different degrees. Among these,the diet supplemented with 5. 0 g/kg maca showed the best effect on grass carp,and it had significant differences in final body weight,weight gain rate,feed conversion ratio and spleen,head kidney,gonad indexes compared with control group( P < 0.05).Moreover,compared with control group,the diet supplemented with 5.0 g/kg maca significantly increased the serum lysozyme and superoxide dismutase activities,albumin,total protein,complement 3 and immunoglobulin Mcontents during the experiment( P < 0. 05),as well as significantly enhanced the survival rate of grass carp under nitrite nitrogen stress and Pseudomonas infection stress( P<0.05). The findings of the present study suggest that suitable supplemental level of maca can increase the growth performance and immune function,and enhance the resistance against the stimulation of nitrite nitrogen stress and disease infection of grass carp.By comprehensive analysis,the recommended dose of maca added to the diet of grass carp is 5.0 g/kg.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3356-3365]
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of maca( Lepidium meyenii) supplementation on growth performance and immune function of grass carp( Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Healthy grass carp with the body weight of( 9.0±0.4) g were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and60 fish per replicate after 2 weeks domestication period. Fish in the 5 groups were fed experimental diets supplemented with 0( control group) 0.2,1.0,5.0 and 10.0 g/kg maca powder based on a basal diet,respectively. The feeding experiment carried out for 8 weeks. The growth performance,immune function related indexes were determined at the end of experiment. After the feeding experiment,stress test and challenge test were carried for fish in each group,and the survival rate of grass carp under the stimulation of nitrite nitrogen stress and disease infection were determined. The results showed that diets supplemented with different levels of maca could reduce the feed conversion ratio and enhance the final body weight,weight gain rate,feed intake and visceral organ indexes of grass carp at different degrees. Among these,the diet supplemented with 5. 0 g/kg maca showed the best effect on grass carp,and it had significant differences in final body weight,weight gain rate,feed conversion ratio and spleen,head kidney,gonad indexes compared with control group( P < 0.05).Moreover,compared with control group,the diet supplemented with 5.0 g/kg maca significantly increased the serum lysozyme and superoxide dismutase activities,albumin,total protein,complement 3 and immunoglobulin Mcontents during the experiment( P < 0. 05),as well as significantly enhanced the survival rate of grass carp under nitrite nitrogen stress and Pseudomonas infection stress( P<0.05). The findings of the present study suggest that suitable supplemental level of maca can increase the growth performance and immune function,and enhance the resistance against the stimulation of nitrite nitrogen stress and disease infection of grass carp.By comprehensive analysis,the recommended dose of maca added to the diet of grass carp is 5.0 g/kg.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3356-3365]
引文
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[6]郭慧玲.北方池塘中草药治疗草鱼常见病浅析[J].中兽医学杂志,2017(5):72.
[7]卢太满.草鱼两大疾病的治疗实例[J].渔业致富指南,2018(6):63-65.
[8]肖家顺.大蒜素/陈皮复方制剂对草鱼生长及免疫性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.福州:福建农林大学,2010.
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[10]牟绍霞.黄连须和小檗碱对草鱼出血病的预防作用及其机理[D].硕士学位论文.重庆:西南大学,2015.
[11]吕欣荣,肖克宇.中草药在水产养殖病害防治中的应用现状[J].当代水产,2007(9):29-31.
[12]戈贤平,缪凌鸿,刘波.中草药增强水生动物免疫和抗病能力的研究进展[J].中国渔业质量与标准,2015,5(6):1-7.
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[14]马贵华,喻晓,钟青.中草药防治鱼病的应用前景[J].中兽医学杂志,2006(5):35-38.
[15]兑艳.中草药在鱼类绿色养殖中的应用[J].渔业致富指南,2016(16):51.
[16]黄发斌,黄廷政,黄朝邦.中草药在鱼病防治中的应用[J].江西农业,2016(16):113.
[17]张亮,杨星,李小义,等.中草药在鱼病防治中的应用[J].农业与技术,2018,38(3):132-135.
[18]肖培根,刘勇,肖伟.玛卡———全球瞩目的保健食品[J].国外医药(植物药分册),2001,16(6):236-237.
[19]肖伟,彭勇,许利嘉,等.秘鲁特产药用植物玛卡研究的新进展[J].世界科学技术(中医药现代化),2007,9(3):102-106.
[20]徐天才,薛润光,杨少华,等.药食植物玛咖粉末性质的研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(12):241-247.
[21]金文闻,张永忠,敖明章,等.玛咖和西洋参皂苷合用对小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].中国新药杂志,2007,16(1):45-48.
[22]周严严,赵海誉,司南,等.药用植物玛咖研究新进展[J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(23):4521-4530.
[23]许敏,徐丽,宋晖,等.玛咖的研究进展[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2015,6(7):2775-2782.
[24]余龙江,金文闻,吴元喜,等.玛咖的植物学及其药理作用研究概况[J].天然产物研究与开发,2002,14(5):71-74.
[25]甘瑾.玛咖(Lepidium meyenii Walp.)抗氧化活性及活性物质基础的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国林业科学研究院,2013.
[26]查圣华.玛咖活性成分及抗疲劳功能研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国科学院研究生院(过程工程研究所),2016.
[27]楚璐雅.玛咖对人体抗氧化能力、免疫功能以及脂代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:北京体育大学,2016.
[28]邱小琮,周洪琪,华雪铭,等.中草药对异育银鲫消化率影响的研究[J].信阳师范学院学报:自然科学版,2004,17(1):54-56.
[29]周歧存,罗从彦,韩兆红.复合中草药制剂对凡纳滨对虾生长及抗病力的影响[J].饲料研究,2006(9):53-56.
[30]董晓慧,李明,叶继丹.复方中草药对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和血清非特异免疫因子的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,2009,24(2):162-165.
[31]李超,张其中,杨莹莹,等.不同剂量复方中草药免疫增强剂对草鱼生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2011,20(4):534-540.
[32]姜志勇,王智勇,李志斐.中草药制剂对草鱼生长和非特异性免疫效应的研究[J].黑龙江水产,2016(3):44-48.
[33]杨志刚,陈阿琴.中草药饲料添加剂及其在水产养殖中的应用[J].水产科技情报,2008,35(2):76-79.
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