封育与放牧对三江源区高寒草甸植物和土壤碳储量的影响
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摘要
在三江源区选择不同封育年限的退化高寒草甸,测定其地上部分主要功能群(禾草类、杂类草、莎草类的总碳氮浓度)、植物根系和土壤碳浓度及储量的动态研究。结果表明:围栏封育主要功能群总碳浓度和碳氮比高于自由放牧草地;围栏封育地下根系碳浓度明显高于自由放牧草地;高寒草甸土壤有机碳储量最大,植物地上部分碳储量最小,植物根系碳储量居中。0～30cm深度土体单位面积有机碳储量由高到低依次为:围栏封育5年>围栏封育10年>自由放牧;封育5年和10年后,总碳储量较自由放牧草地提高了36.54%,24.61%;土壤有机碳分别增加了26.28%和24.28%;而封育5年和10年之间碳储量没有显著变化,说明围栏封育是高寒草甸固碳减排的有效措施之一。
Knowledge about carbon and nitrogen in plants and soils and response to fence and graze in alpine ecosystems is still rudimentary because of extremely geographic situation.The purpose of this study was to compare the difference among carbon concentration,and content of unit area and dynamics of above-and below-ground biomass,soil organic carbon and total nitrogen between fencing and grazing alpine meadow.The results showed that the total carbon and C:N ratio in the aboveground tissue were significantly higher in fenced and ungrazing grassland(FU) than those in free grazing grassland(FG).In addition,the order of total carbon concentration of aboveground tissue of different function groups were not identical between them;The total carbon storage(TCS) per unit of aboveground tissue,roots and 0~30 cm soil layer increased after being fenced for 5 years from free grazing grassland(9 255.17 g/m2) to fenced and ungrazing grassland(1 2637.10 g/m2) by 26.79%.However there were no significant differences between fenced and ungrazing grasslands of 10 years and 5 years.Therefore fenced to exclude grazing by Tibetan sheep and yaks was an alternative approach to sequester C from the soil in alpine meadow systems.
Knowledge about carbon and nitrogen in plants and soils and response to fence and graze in alpine ecosystems is still rudimentary because of extremely geographic situation.The purpose of this study was to compare the difference among carbon concentration,and content of unit area and dynamics of above-and below-ground biomass,soil organic carbon and total nitrogen between fencing and grazing alpine meadow.The results showed that the total carbon and C:N ratio in the aboveground tissue were significantly higher in fenced and ungrazing grassland(FU) than those in free grazing grassland(FG).In addition,the order of total carbon concentration of aboveground tissue of different function groups were not identical between them;The total carbon storage(TCS) per unit of aboveground tissue,roots and 0~30 cm soil layer increased after being fenced for 5 years from free grazing grassland(9 255.17 g/m2) to fenced and ungrazing grassland(1 2637.10 g/m2) by 26.79%.However there were no significant differences between fenced and ungrazing grasslands of 10 years and 5 years.Therefore fenced to exclude grazing by Tibetan sheep and yaks was an alternative approach to sequester C from the soil in alpine meadow systems.
引文
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[14]贾炳瑞,周广胜,王凤玉,等.放牧与围栏羊草草原土壤呼吸作用及其影响因子[J].环境科学,2005,26(6):1-6.
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[16]Cao G M,Tang Y H,Mo W H,et.al.Grazing intensityalters soil respiration in an alpine meadow on the TibetanPlateau[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2004,36:237-243.
[17]Wang G X,Qian J,Cheng G D.Soil organic carbon poolof grassland soils on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and itsglobal implication[J].The Science of the Total Environ-ment,2002,291:207-217.
[18]夏武平.高寒草甸生态系统[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1982:9-18.
[19]王绍强,周成虎.中国陆地土壤有机碳库的估算[J].地理研究,1999,18(4):349-356.
[20]陶贞,沈承德,高全洲,等.高寒草甸土壤有机碳储量和CO2通量[J].中国科学(D辑):地球科学,2007,37(4):553-563.
[2]IPCC(Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change).Cli-mate Change[R].Cambridge:Cambridge UniversityPress,1997:184.
[3]赵娜,邵新庆,吕进英,等.草地生态系统碳汇浅析[J].草原与草坪,2011(6):75-82.
[4]齐玉春,董云社,耿元波,等.我国草地生态系统碳循环研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2003,22(4):342-349.
[5]Houghton R A,Davidson E A,Woodwell G M.Missingsinks,feedbacks,and understanding the role of terrestrialecosystems in the global carbon balance[J].Global Bio-geoch Cycles,1998(12):25-34.
[6]Wang X,Zhuang Y,Feng Z.Carbon dioxide release due tochange in land use in China mainland[J].EnvironmentScience,1994,6(3):287-295.
[7]Wang X,Feng Z.Atmospheric carbon sequestration throu-gh agroforestry in China[J].Energy,1995,20(2):117-121.
[8]王效科,白艳莹,欧阳志云,等.全球碳循环中的失汇及其形成原因[J].生态学报,2002,22(1):94-100.
[9]Hall D O,Scurlock J M O.Climate change and productivi-ty of national grassland[J].Annals of Botany,1991,67:49-55.
[10]Hall D O,Ojima D S.Parton W J,et al.Response oftemperature and tropical grasslands to CO2and climatechange[J].Journal Biogeography,1995,22:537-547.
[11]安静,邓波,韩建国,等.土壤有机碳稳定性研究进展[J].草原与草坪,2009(2):82-87.
[12]李熙波,杨玉盛,曾宏达,等.城市草坪生态系统碳吸存研究进展[J].草原与草坪,2009(3):79-85.
[13]耿元波,董云社,齐玉春.草地生态系统碳循环评述[J].地理科学进展,2004,23(3):74-76.
[14]贾炳瑞,周广胜,王凤玉,等.放牧与围栏羊草草原土壤呼吸作用及其影响因子[J].环境科学,2005,26(6):1-6.
[15]Wang Q J,Li S X,Wang W Y,et al.The respondents ofcarbon and nitrogen reserves in plants and soils to vege-tations cover change on Kobresia pygmaea meadow of,Yellow,and Yangtze Rivers source region[J].Acta Eco-logica Sinica,2008,28:885-893
[16]Cao G M,Tang Y H,Mo W H,et.al.Grazing intensityalters soil respiration in an alpine meadow on the TibetanPlateau[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2004,36:237-243.
[17]Wang G X,Qian J,Cheng G D.Soil organic carbon poolof grassland soils on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and itsglobal implication[J].The Science of the Total Environ-ment,2002,291:207-217.
[18]夏武平.高寒草甸生态系统[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1982:9-18.
[19]王绍强,周成虎.中国陆地土壤有机碳库的估算[J].地理研究,1999,18(4):349-356.
[20]陶贞,沈承德,高全洲,等.高寒草甸土壤有机碳储量和CO2通量[J].中国科学(D辑):地球科学,2007,37(4):553-563.