海南岛造礁石珊瑚资源初步调查与分析
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摘要
采用断面法调查于2007年4月至10月对海南岛周边区域的造礁石珊瑚进行调查,结果显示:海南岛周边调查区域造礁石珊瑚有13科95种,优势种为丛生盔形珊瑚、多孔鹿角珊瑚、标准蜂巢珊瑚、五边角蜂巢珊瑚、秘密角蜂巢珊瑚、精巧扁脑珊瑚、梳状菊花珊瑚、澄黄滨珊瑚、二异角孔珊瑚、十字牡丹珊瑚等。海南岛周边活造礁石珊瑚覆盖率为32.74%,其中东部29.84%、南部44.43%、西部17.38%;死造礁石珊瑚覆盖率为3%,其中东部2.29%、南部4.81%、西部1.06%。海南岛造礁石珊瑚补充量为0.44ind/m2,其中东部为0.56ind/m2、南部为0.52ind/m2、西部为0.24ind/m2,总体上,海南岛周边近岸造礁石珊瑚分布状况为南部种类及覆盖度最多,东部次之,西部较少。从地理位置及造礁石珊瑚的空间分布情况来看,海南岛造礁石珊瑚分布呈现由南往北随纬度增高而递减的趋势,分析认为,这主要与珊瑚浮浪幼虫占领新的生境有关。随着近几年过度捕捞、海水养殖、旅游观光等持续进行,海南岛近岸部分区域的造礁石珊瑚呈退化趋势。
The distribution of hermatypic corals in the surrounding areas of Hainan island were investigation by the method of Line intercept transect in the April to October of year 2007.The results show that:the hermatypic corals in the survey areas of Hainan island have 13families 95species.The dominant species of hermatypic corals was Galaxeafascicularis;Acropora millepora;Favia speciosa;Favites pentagona;Favites abdita;Platygyra daedalea;Goniastrea pectinata;Porites lutea;Goniopora duofasciata;Pavona decussata.The average coverage of the Live hermatypic corals in Hainan island was 32.74%,the eastern was 29.84%,the southern was 44.43%.And the western was 17.38%;the average coverage of the dead hermatypic corals was 3%,the eastern was 2.29%,the southern was 4.81%.The western was 1.06%.The recruitment of hermatypic corals in Hainan Island was 0.44ind/ m2,the eastern was 0.56ind/m2,the southern was 0.52ind/m2,and the western was 0.24ind/m2.In addition,the and coverage distribution of hermatypic corals in Hainan Island nearshore is that the most was in the southern,second place was the Eastern and the less was Western.The distribution of hermatypic corals in Hainan Island have showed declined with the increase of the latitude from the south to the north.By the spatial distribution of hermatypic corals and the geographical position,by analysis that it was related to the coral metamorphore.The hermatypic corals in the surrounding areas of Hainan island have received the widespread attention with over fishing,mariculture and sightseeing sustainable used in recent years.
The distribution of hermatypic corals in the surrounding areas of Hainan island were investigation by the method of Line intercept transect in the April to October of year 2007.The results show that:the hermatypic corals in the survey areas of Hainan island have 13families 95species.The dominant species of hermatypic corals was Galaxeafascicularis;Acropora millepora;Favia speciosa;Favites pentagona;Favites abdita;Platygyra daedalea;Goniastrea pectinata;Porites lutea;Goniopora duofasciata;Pavona decussata.The average coverage of the Live hermatypic corals in Hainan island was 32.74%,the eastern was 29.84%,the southern was 44.43%.And the western was 17.38%;the average coverage of the dead hermatypic corals was 3%,the eastern was 2.29%,the southern was 4.81%.The western was 1.06%.The recruitment of hermatypic corals in Hainan Island was 0.44ind/ m2,the eastern was 0.56ind/m2,the southern was 0.52ind/m2,and the western was 0.24ind/m2.In addition,the and coverage distribution of hermatypic corals in Hainan Island nearshore is that the most was in the southern,second place was the Eastern and the less was Western.The distribution of hermatypic corals in Hainan Island have showed declined with the increase of the latitude from the south to the north.By the spatial distribution of hermatypic corals and the geographical position,by analysis that it was related to the coral metamorphore.The hermatypic corals in the surrounding areas of Hainan island have received the widespread attention with over fishing,mariculture and sightseeing sustainable used in recent years.
引文
[1]邹仁林.造礁石珊瑚[J].生物学通报,1998,33(6):8-10.
[2]李冠国,范振刚.海洋生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:96-97.
[3]吕炳全,王国忠,全松青.海南岛珊瑚岸礁的特征[J].地理研究,1984,9:8-3.
[4]邹仁林.中国动物志[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:1-289.
[5]周祖光.海南珊瑚礁的现状与保护对策[J].海岸带开发与管理,2004,6:48-51.
[6]颜京松.石珊瑚[J].生物学通报,1956,2:23-27.
[7]纳乌莫夫,颜京松,黄明显.海南岛珊瑚礁的主要类型[J].海洋与湖沼,1960,3(3):157-176.
[8]蔡爱智,李星元.海南岛南岸珊瑚礁的若干特点[J].海洋与湖沼,1964,6(2):205-216.
[9]黄金森.海南岛南岸与西岸的珊瑚礁海岸[J].科学通报,1965,11:12-18.
[10]邹仁林,马江虎,宋善文.海南岛珊瑚礁垂直分带的初步研究*[J].海洋与湖沼,1966,8(2):153-161.
[11]邹仁林,宋善文,马江虎.海南岛浅水造礁石珊瑚[M].北京:科学出版社,1975:1-66.
[12]王国忠,周福根,吕炳全,等.海南岛鹿回头珊瑚岸礁的沉积相带[J].同济大学学报,1979,7(2):16-21.
[13]吕炳全,王国忠,全松青.海南岛珊瑚岸礁的特点[J].地理研究,1984,3(3):1-16.
[14]张明书,刘健,李浩,等.海南岛周缘珊瑚礁的基本特征和成礁时代[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1990,10(2):25-43.
[15]于登攀,邹仁林.鹿回头造礁石珊瑚群落多样性的现状及动态[J].生态学报,1996,16(6):559-563.
[16]黄德银,施祺,余克服,等.海南岛鹿回头珊瑚礁研究进展[J].海洋通报,2004,23(2):56-64.
[17]牛文涛,张潇娴,林荣澄,等.海南昌江沿岸海域石珊瑚的物种多样性及其分布[J].台湾海峡,2010,29(3):389-393.
[18]王道儒,王华接,李元超,等.雷州半岛珊瑚幼虫补充来源初步研究[J].热带海洋学报,2011,30(2):26-32.
[19]牛文涛,徐宪忠,林荣澄,等.沉积物对珊瑚礁及礁区生物的影响[J].海洋通报,2010,29(1):106-112.
[20]Philippe,E.,and K.Fabricius,Photophysiological stress in scleractinian corals in response to shortterm sedimenta-tion[J].Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology,2003,287:57-78.
[21]Golbuu,Y.,S.Victor,E.Wolanski,et al.Trapping of fine sediment in a semienclosed bay,Palau,Micronesia[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2003,57:941-949.
[22]Te,F.T.,esponse to higher sediment loads by Pocillopora damicornis planula[J].Coral Reefs,1992,11:131-134.
[23]Gilmour,J.,Experimental investigation into the effects of suspended sediment on fertilization,larval survival andsettlement in a scleractinian coral[J].Marine Biology,1999,135:451-462.
[24]Fabricius,K.E.,C.Wild,E.Wolanski,and D.Abele,Effects of transparent exopolymer particles and muddyterrigenous sediments on the survival of hard coral recruits[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2003,57:613-621.
[25]Hodgson,G.,Sediment and the settlement of larvae of the reef coral Pocillopora damicornis[J].Coral Reefs,1990,9:41-43.
[26]吴钟解,吴瑞,王道儒,等.海南岛东、南部珊瑚礁生态健康状况初步分析[J].热带作物学报,2011,32(1):122-130.
[27]王道儒,李元超,兰建新,等.海南岛东海岸长圮海域珊瑚分布与波能的关系[J].热带海洋学报,2011,30(2):18-25.
[28]吴钟解,王道儒,涂志刚,等.西沙生态监控区造礁石珊瑚退化原因分析[J].海洋学报,2011,33(4):140-146.
[29]吴钟解,陈春华,丁翔宇.三亚蜈支洲珊瑚礁观光旅游活动对珊瑚及其生态的影响探讨[J].海洋开发与管理,2011,3:57-60.
[2]李冠国,范振刚.海洋生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:96-97.
[3]吕炳全,王国忠,全松青.海南岛珊瑚岸礁的特征[J].地理研究,1984,9:8-3.
[4]邹仁林.中国动物志[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:1-289.
[5]周祖光.海南珊瑚礁的现状与保护对策[J].海岸带开发与管理,2004,6:48-51.
[6]颜京松.石珊瑚[J].生物学通报,1956,2:23-27.
[7]纳乌莫夫,颜京松,黄明显.海南岛珊瑚礁的主要类型[J].海洋与湖沼,1960,3(3):157-176.
[8]蔡爱智,李星元.海南岛南岸珊瑚礁的若干特点[J].海洋与湖沼,1964,6(2):205-216.
[9]黄金森.海南岛南岸与西岸的珊瑚礁海岸[J].科学通报,1965,11:12-18.
[10]邹仁林,马江虎,宋善文.海南岛珊瑚礁垂直分带的初步研究*[J].海洋与湖沼,1966,8(2):153-161.
[11]邹仁林,宋善文,马江虎.海南岛浅水造礁石珊瑚[M].北京:科学出版社,1975:1-66.
[12]王国忠,周福根,吕炳全,等.海南岛鹿回头珊瑚岸礁的沉积相带[J].同济大学学报,1979,7(2):16-21.
[13]吕炳全,王国忠,全松青.海南岛珊瑚岸礁的特点[J].地理研究,1984,3(3):1-16.
[14]张明书,刘健,李浩,等.海南岛周缘珊瑚礁的基本特征和成礁时代[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1990,10(2):25-43.
[15]于登攀,邹仁林.鹿回头造礁石珊瑚群落多样性的现状及动态[J].生态学报,1996,16(6):559-563.
[16]黄德银,施祺,余克服,等.海南岛鹿回头珊瑚礁研究进展[J].海洋通报,2004,23(2):56-64.
[17]牛文涛,张潇娴,林荣澄,等.海南昌江沿岸海域石珊瑚的物种多样性及其分布[J].台湾海峡,2010,29(3):389-393.
[18]王道儒,王华接,李元超,等.雷州半岛珊瑚幼虫补充来源初步研究[J].热带海洋学报,2011,30(2):26-32.
[19]牛文涛,徐宪忠,林荣澄,等.沉积物对珊瑚礁及礁区生物的影响[J].海洋通报,2010,29(1):106-112.
[20]Philippe,E.,and K.Fabricius,Photophysiological stress in scleractinian corals in response to shortterm sedimenta-tion[J].Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology,2003,287:57-78.
[21]Golbuu,Y.,S.Victor,E.Wolanski,et al.Trapping of fine sediment in a semienclosed bay,Palau,Micronesia[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2003,57:941-949.
[22]Te,F.T.,esponse to higher sediment loads by Pocillopora damicornis planula[J].Coral Reefs,1992,11:131-134.
[23]Gilmour,J.,Experimental investigation into the effects of suspended sediment on fertilization,larval survival andsettlement in a scleractinian coral[J].Marine Biology,1999,135:451-462.
[24]Fabricius,K.E.,C.Wild,E.Wolanski,and D.Abele,Effects of transparent exopolymer particles and muddyterrigenous sediments on the survival of hard coral recruits[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2003,57:613-621.
[25]Hodgson,G.,Sediment and the settlement of larvae of the reef coral Pocillopora damicornis[J].Coral Reefs,1990,9:41-43.
[26]吴钟解,吴瑞,王道儒,等.海南岛东、南部珊瑚礁生态健康状况初步分析[J].热带作物学报,2011,32(1):122-130.
[27]王道儒,李元超,兰建新,等.海南岛东海岸长圮海域珊瑚分布与波能的关系[J].热带海洋学报,2011,30(2):18-25.
[28]吴钟解,王道儒,涂志刚,等.西沙生态监控区造礁石珊瑚退化原因分析[J].海洋学报,2011,33(4):140-146.
[29]吴钟解,陈春华,丁翔宇.三亚蜈支洲珊瑚礁观光旅游活动对珊瑚及其生态的影响探讨[J].海洋开发与管理,2011,3:57-60.
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