三江源区围栏与放牧高山嵩草草甸植物群落特征分析
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摘要
以三江源区围栏封育5a、10a和自由放牧的高山嵩草草甸为研究对象,对样地内的地上生物量和群落特征的研究结果表明:围栏封育区物种丰富度、物种多样性及生态优势度指数低于自由放牧区,群落结构较自由放牧简单,而均匀度指数高于自由放牧,说明长期围栏封育使群落向均一化方向发展,群落稳定性高于自由放牧草场;可采食的优良牧草生物量及其比例增加,总体趋势是随围栏封育年限增加禾草类生物量围栏内>围栏外,杂类草生物量围栏内<围栏外。
The three headwaters fenced for 5a,10a and free grazed in Kobresi apygmaea meadow were as the research object,the above ground biomass and community characteristics were studied.The results showed that:the species richness,diversity and dominance under fencing were lower than that under free grazing,the structure of community under fencing was simpler than that under free grazing,however evenness under fencing was higher that that under grazing,which showed that long-term fencing made the community homogenization,community stability was higher than that under free grazing,the fine herbage biomass and proportion were increased,and with the increase of enclosure years,the overall trend was that the grass biomass in fencing area was greater than that in grazing area,the forbs biomass smaller than that in grazing area.
The three headwaters fenced for 5a,10a and free grazed in Kobresi apygmaea meadow were as the research object,the above ground biomass and community characteristics were studied.The results showed that:the species richness,diversity and dominance under fencing were lower than that under free grazing,the structure of community under fencing was simpler than that under free grazing,however evenness under fencing was higher that that under grazing,which showed that long-term fencing made the community homogenization,community stability was higher than that under free grazing,the fine herbage biomass and proportion were increased,and with the increase of enclosure years,the overall trend was that the grass biomass in fencing area was greater than that in grazing area,the forbs biomass smaller than that in grazing area.
引文
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[2]闫虎,沈浩.围栏封育在伊犁昭苏盆地退化草地生态恢复中的应用[J].干旱环境监测,2005,6(2):21-22.Yan Hu,Shen Hao.The round the column to seal is used in deteriorated grassland of Yili Zhaosu basin[J].Arid Environmental Monitoring,2005,6(2):21-22.
[3]孙海群,朱志红,乔有民,等.不同海拔梯度小嵩草草甸植物群落多样性比较研究[J].中国草地,2000,22(5):18-22.Sun Haiqun,Zhu Zhihong,Qiao Youmin,et al.Kobresia pygmaea meadow plant community diversity in relation to altitude gradient[J].Grassland of China,2000,22(5):18-22.
[4]韩天虎,赵忠,王安禄,等.青藏高原东缘异针茅草地群落组成及生产力研究[J].草业学报,2007,16(6):62-66.Han Tianhu,Zhao Zhong,Wang Anlu,et al.Studies community composition and productivity in eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibetan Stipa aliens grassland[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2007,16(6):62-66.
[5]Mekuria W,Veldkamp E,Haile M,et al.Effectiveness of enclosures to restore degraded soils as a result of overgrazing in Tigray,Ethiopia[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2007,69(2):270-284.
[6]韩大勇,杨允菲,李建东.1981-2005年松嫩平原羊草地植被生态对比分析[J].草业学报,2007,16(3):9-14.Han Dayong,Yang Yunfei,Li Jiandong.Temporal changes of a community of Leymus chinensis medow in the Songnen plain[J].Acta prataculurae sinic,2007,16(3):9-14.
[7]吴宁,罗鹏.长江上游高寒草地生态建设和管理中生态理论问题的若干质疑[J].应用与环境生物学报,2004,10(4):537-542.Wu Ning,Luo Peng.Rethinking on the ecological theories related to the ecological construction and management of the high-frigid grasslands in the upper Yangze River[J].Chin.J.Appl.Environ.Biol.,2004,10(4):537-542.
[8]Wu N.Indigenous knowledge and sustainable approaches for biodiversity maintenance in nomadic society-experience from eastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Die Erde,1997,128:67-80.
[9]Oesterheld M,Sala O E,McNaughton S J.Effect of animal husbandry on herbivore carrying capacity at a regional scale[J].Nature,1992,356:23-236.
[10]Wu N,Liu Q.Ecological environment and strategies for sustainable development on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River[J].World Sci.Res.Devel.,1999,21(3):70-73.
[11]Collins S L.Interaction of disturbances in tall grass prairie:A field experiment[J].Ecology,1987,68(5):1243-1250.
[12]程积民,邹厚远,Akio H.封育刈割放牧对草地植被的影响[J].水土保持研究,1998,5(1):36-54.Cheng Jimin,Zou Houyuan,Akio H.Effects of protective growing cutting and grazing on the vegetation of grassland[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1998,5(1):36-54.
[13]左万庆,王玉辉,王风玉,等.围栏封育措施对退化羊草草原植物群落特征影响研究[J].草业学报,2009,18(3):12-19.Zuo Wanqing,Wang Yuhui,Wang Fengyu,et al.Effects of enclosure on the community characteristics of Leymus chinensis in degenerated steppe[J].Pratacultural Science,2009,18(3):12-19.
[14]周华坤,周立,赵新全,等.围栏封育对轻牧与重牧金露梅灌丛的影响[J].草地学报,2004,12(2):140-144.Zhou Huakun,Zhou Li,Zhao Xinquan,et al.Effect of fencing on lightly and heavily grazing Potentilla fruticosa shrublands[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2004,12(2):140-144.