区域电网环保规划方法框架及应用
|
摘要
鉴于目前国内外关于电网环保问题研究少、环保规划缺乏方法框架体系指导的现状,首先分析了电网环保规划的特点,初步建立起区域电网环保规划方法框架。该方法框架更加关注区域生态环境质量的整体提升,以环境规划基本理论为指导,全面识别电网系统的环境影响,并根据影响方式的不同采取分类防治的思路分别进行规划方案的设计。以珠海电网"十三五"环保规划为例,在珠海电网环保现状分析的基础上,明确了土地占用、电磁辐射等应重点应对的环境问题,提出了对生态环境、生态景观、环境质量3类环境问题的规划方案和针对重点问题的优先实施项目。根据投资效益评估,预计方案实施后,变电站占地面积、电磁辐射、噪声值等将达到相应的国家标准,电网系统环境影响整体降低。
The researches on power grid environmental problems are little at home and abroad,and the environmental planning of regional power grid is lacking of framework system guidance. In viewof the above facts,this paper firstly analyzed the characteristics of the environmental planning of power grid,and then preliminarily established the method framework of the environmental planning for regional power grid. The method framework pays more attention to the overall upgrade of regional ecological environment quality,uses basic theories of environmental planning as guide to recognize the environmental impact of power grid system comprehensively,and design the planning scheme in different ways according to the classification of environmental problems. Taking the ‘13th Five-Year'environmental planning of Zhuhai power grid as example,this paper defined the land occupation,electromagnetic radiation and other key problems that should be focused on,based on the present situation analysis of Zhuhai power system environmental,and put forward the planning schemes for three kinds of environmental problems in ecological environment,ecological landscape and environmental quality,as well as the priority implementation projects aimed at key issues. According to the investment benefit evaluation,the area substations cover,electromagnetic radiation and noise value will reach the corresponding national standards,and the environmental impacts of power grid will reduce overall,after the implementation of the proposed planning.
The researches on power grid environmental problems are little at home and abroad,and the environmental planning of regional power grid is lacking of framework system guidance. In viewof the above facts,this paper firstly analyzed the characteristics of the environmental planning of power grid,and then preliminarily established the method framework of the environmental planning for regional power grid. The method framework pays more attention to the overall upgrade of regional ecological environment quality,uses basic theories of environmental planning as guide to recognize the environmental impact of power grid system comprehensively,and design the planning scheme in different ways according to the classification of environmental problems. Taking the ‘13th Five-Year'environmental planning of Zhuhai power grid as example,this paper defined the land occupation,electromagnetic radiation and other key problems that should be focused on,based on the present situation analysis of Zhuhai power system environmental,and put forward the planning schemes for three kinds of environmental problems in ecological environment,ecological landscape and environmental quality,as well as the priority implementation projects aimed at key issues. According to the investment benefit evaluation,the area substations cover,electromagnetic radiation and noise value will reach the corresponding national standards,and the environmental impacts of power grid will reduce overall,after the implementation of the proposed planning.
引文
[1]中电联规划与统计信息部.2014年电力工业运行简况[R].北京:中电联规划与统计信息部,2015.
[2]陈启鑫,康重庆,夏清,等.电力行业低碳化的关键要素分析及其对电源规划的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(15):18-23.Chen Qixin,Kang Chongqing,Xia Qing,et al.Key low-carbon factors in the evolution of pow er decarbonisation and their impacts on generation expansion planning[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Syestems,2009,33(15):18-23.
[3]段建民,王志新,王承民,等.考虑碳减排效益的可再生电源规划[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):11-15.Duan Jianmin,Wang Zhixin,Wang Chengmin,et al.Renew able pow er planning considering carbon emission reduction benefits[J].Pow er System Technology,2015,39(1):11-15.
[4]Hammons T J.Impact of electric power generation on green house gas emissions in Europe:Russia,Greece,Italy and view s of the EU pow er plant supply industry-a critical analysis[J].Electrical Pow er and Energy Systems,2006(28):548-564.
[5]Koltsaklis N E,Dagoumas A S,Kopanos G M,et al.A spatial multiperiod long-term energy planning model:A case study of the Greek pow er system[J].Applied Energy,2014(115):456-482.
[6]Zhou Kaile,Yang Shanlin,Shen Chao,et al.Energy conservation and emission reduction of China's electric pow er industry[J].Renew able and Sustainable Energy Review s,2015(45):10-19.
[7]刘首文,刘华钢,赵永生.电网环保应重视的两项工作[C]//湖北科技论坛优秀论文集.武汉:湖北科学技术协会,2005:5-7.
[8]宋云亭,郑超,秦晓辉.大电网结构规划[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2013:1-21.
[9]易智婷,邱有强,梁敬成,等.500 k V电网低碳技术体系[M].北京:中国水利水电出版,2011:1-183.
[10]何婧,黄川友,金昕.110 k V、220 k V输变电项目环境影响评价要点[J].工程技术,2009(1):127-128.He Jing,Huang Chuanyou,Jin Xin.The main points ofenvironmental impact evaluation for 110 k V,220 k V pow er transmission project[J].Engineering Technology,2009(1):127-128.
[11]Keir L S,Ali S H.Conflict assessment in energy infrastructure siting:prospects for consensus building in the northern pass transmission line project[J].Negotiation Journal,2014,30(2):169-189.
[12]陈震,凌驾政,张群策,等.变电站废水排放分析与环保评估[J].电力与能源,2013,34(1):62-65.Chen Zhen,Ling Jiazheng,Zhang Qunce,et al.Evaluation of substation operation characteristics of w astew ater[J].Electric Pow er and Energy,2013,34(1):62-65.
[13]Jasna R,Vesna R,Milorad B,et al.Environmental impacts of the electromagnetic field levels near overhead transmission lines[J].Environmental Engineering and M anagement Journal,2014,13(3):627-633.
[14]丛俊,曹文勤,王文兵.电网规划环境影响评价的难点及对策建议[J].电力科技与环保,2014,30(6):5-7.Cong Jun,Cao Wenqin,Wang Wenbin.The difficulties in pow er grid planning environmental impact assessment and the corresponding countermeasure and suggestion[J].Pow er Technology and Environmental Protection,2014,30(6):5-7.
[15]梁冬,严福章,史玉柱.加强电网工程环保规划设计的探讨[J].电力建设,2011,32(2):35-38.Liang Dong,Yan Fuzhang,Shi Yuzhu.Discussion on strengthening environmental protection planning and design for pow er grid projects[J].Electric Pow er Construction,2011,32(2):35-38.
[16]王志标,木月波,王圣,等.输变电电网规划环境影响评价思路实践与探讨[J].能源环境保护,2011,25(2):39-45.Wang Zhibiao,M u Yuebo,Wang Sheng,et al.The perception&practice on system of plan EIA of transmission electricity pow er grid[J].Energy Environmental Protection,2011,25(2):39-45.
[17]朱坚强,程浩忠,武鹏,等.环保要求下城市送电网规划的初步方法[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(16):30-34.Zhu Jianqiang,Cheng Haozhong,Wu Peng,et al.A preliminary method for urban transmission netw ork planning required by environmental protection[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2009,33(16):30-34.
[18]傅伯杰.景观生态学原理及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:43-72.
[19]郭怀成,刘永,贺彬.流域环境规划典型案例[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2007:1-138.
[20]梁伟.考虑环境影响因素的电网规划综合评价体系研究[D].天津:天津大学,2000.Liang Wei.Study on comprehensive evaluation to urban pow er grid planning w ith considering environment influence[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2000.
[21]郭泺,杜世宏,孙皓铭,等.珠海市城区景观空间格局特征分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2013,15(2):307-313.Guo Luo,Du Shihong,Sun Haoming,et al.Study on gradient variation of landscape spatial pattern in the urban area of Zhuhai city[J].Journal of Geo-information Science,2013,15(2):307-313.
[22]GB50293—1999城市电力规划[S].
[23]HJ/T24—2998 500 k V超高压送变电工程电磁辐环境影响评价技术规范[S].
[24]GB15707—1995高压交流架空送的送电线无线干扰限值[S].
[25]GB12348—2008工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准[S].
[26]DL/T 941—2005运行中变压器用SF6质量标准[S].
[27]王佩华,邓丹.城市电网的环境影响与防治对策[J].电力环境保护,2007,23(4):20-22.Wang Peihua,Deng Dan.City electric netw ork environmental impact and protection countermeasure[J].Pow er Environmental Protection,2007,23(4):20-22.
[28]陈飞霞.220 k V输电线路电磁环境影响分析及其环保措施[J].海峡科学,2012(10):14-25.Chen Feixia.Electromagnetic environment impact analysis of 220k V transmission line and its environmental protection measures[J].Strait Science,2012(10):14-25.
[2]陈启鑫,康重庆,夏清,等.电力行业低碳化的关键要素分析及其对电源规划的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(15):18-23.Chen Qixin,Kang Chongqing,Xia Qing,et al.Key low-carbon factors in the evolution of pow er decarbonisation and their impacts on generation expansion planning[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Syestems,2009,33(15):18-23.
[3]段建民,王志新,王承民,等.考虑碳减排效益的可再生电源规划[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):11-15.Duan Jianmin,Wang Zhixin,Wang Chengmin,et al.Renew able pow er planning considering carbon emission reduction benefits[J].Pow er System Technology,2015,39(1):11-15.
[4]Hammons T J.Impact of electric power generation on green house gas emissions in Europe:Russia,Greece,Italy and view s of the EU pow er plant supply industry-a critical analysis[J].Electrical Pow er and Energy Systems,2006(28):548-564.
[5]Koltsaklis N E,Dagoumas A S,Kopanos G M,et al.A spatial multiperiod long-term energy planning model:A case study of the Greek pow er system[J].Applied Energy,2014(115):456-482.
[6]Zhou Kaile,Yang Shanlin,Shen Chao,et al.Energy conservation and emission reduction of China's electric pow er industry[J].Renew able and Sustainable Energy Review s,2015(45):10-19.
[7]刘首文,刘华钢,赵永生.电网环保应重视的两项工作[C]//湖北科技论坛优秀论文集.武汉:湖北科学技术协会,2005:5-7.
[8]宋云亭,郑超,秦晓辉.大电网结构规划[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2013:1-21.
[9]易智婷,邱有强,梁敬成,等.500 k V电网低碳技术体系[M].北京:中国水利水电出版,2011:1-183.
[10]何婧,黄川友,金昕.110 k V、220 k V输变电项目环境影响评价要点[J].工程技术,2009(1):127-128.He Jing,Huang Chuanyou,Jin Xin.The main points ofenvironmental impact evaluation for 110 k V,220 k V pow er transmission project[J].Engineering Technology,2009(1):127-128.
[11]Keir L S,Ali S H.Conflict assessment in energy infrastructure siting:prospects for consensus building in the northern pass transmission line project[J].Negotiation Journal,2014,30(2):169-189.
[12]陈震,凌驾政,张群策,等.变电站废水排放分析与环保评估[J].电力与能源,2013,34(1):62-65.Chen Zhen,Ling Jiazheng,Zhang Qunce,et al.Evaluation of substation operation characteristics of w astew ater[J].Electric Pow er and Energy,2013,34(1):62-65.
[13]Jasna R,Vesna R,Milorad B,et al.Environmental impacts of the electromagnetic field levels near overhead transmission lines[J].Environmental Engineering and M anagement Journal,2014,13(3):627-633.
[14]丛俊,曹文勤,王文兵.电网规划环境影响评价的难点及对策建议[J].电力科技与环保,2014,30(6):5-7.Cong Jun,Cao Wenqin,Wang Wenbin.The difficulties in pow er grid planning environmental impact assessment and the corresponding countermeasure and suggestion[J].Pow er Technology and Environmental Protection,2014,30(6):5-7.
[15]梁冬,严福章,史玉柱.加强电网工程环保规划设计的探讨[J].电力建设,2011,32(2):35-38.Liang Dong,Yan Fuzhang,Shi Yuzhu.Discussion on strengthening environmental protection planning and design for pow er grid projects[J].Electric Pow er Construction,2011,32(2):35-38.
[16]王志标,木月波,王圣,等.输变电电网规划环境影响评价思路实践与探讨[J].能源环境保护,2011,25(2):39-45.Wang Zhibiao,M u Yuebo,Wang Sheng,et al.The perception&practice on system of plan EIA of transmission electricity pow er grid[J].Energy Environmental Protection,2011,25(2):39-45.
[17]朱坚强,程浩忠,武鹏,等.环保要求下城市送电网规划的初步方法[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(16):30-34.Zhu Jianqiang,Cheng Haozhong,Wu Peng,et al.A preliminary method for urban transmission netw ork planning required by environmental protection[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2009,33(16):30-34.
[18]傅伯杰.景观生态学原理及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:43-72.
[19]郭怀成,刘永,贺彬.流域环境规划典型案例[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2007:1-138.
[20]梁伟.考虑环境影响因素的电网规划综合评价体系研究[D].天津:天津大学,2000.Liang Wei.Study on comprehensive evaluation to urban pow er grid planning w ith considering environment influence[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2000.
[21]郭泺,杜世宏,孙皓铭,等.珠海市城区景观空间格局特征分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2013,15(2):307-313.Guo Luo,Du Shihong,Sun Haoming,et al.Study on gradient variation of landscape spatial pattern in the urban area of Zhuhai city[J].Journal of Geo-information Science,2013,15(2):307-313.
[22]GB50293—1999城市电力规划[S].
[23]HJ/T24—2998 500 k V超高压送变电工程电磁辐环境影响评价技术规范[S].
[24]GB15707—1995高压交流架空送的送电线无线干扰限值[S].
[25]GB12348—2008工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准[S].
[26]DL/T 941—2005运行中变压器用SF6质量标准[S].
[27]王佩华,邓丹.城市电网的环境影响与防治对策[J].电力环境保护,2007,23(4):20-22.Wang Peihua,Deng Dan.City electric netw ork environmental impact and protection countermeasure[J].Pow er Environmental Protection,2007,23(4):20-22.
[28]陈飞霞.220 k V输电线路电磁环境影响分析及其环保措施[J].海峡科学,2012(10):14-25.Chen Feixia.Electromagnetic environment impact analysis of 220k V transmission line and its environmental protection measures[J].Strait Science,2012(10):14-25.