马来西亚独立中学学生考试成败归因及其与父母教养方式的关系
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摘要
学生对成功或失败的归因会影响其情绪、对未来的期望和成就动机。研究表明,青少年的归因方式与早期所受抚养方式有密切相关。在以往相关的研究基础上,本研究采取问卷调查法考察了马来西亚华文独立中学204名学生的考试成败归因方式特点,并以相关和多元线性回归分析考察了独中生考试成败归因与父母教养方式之间的相互关系。本研究得出结论如下:
     独中生在考试成功时倾向于作外部、稳定、可控的归因,而考试失败时倾向于内部、不稳定、不可控的归因。无论考试成功或失败,男女生在大部分的原因归因知觉上都没有显著的性别差异。学生在成功时倾向内部、稳定、不可控的归因,则对下次能否成功的期望越强,倾向外部、不稳定、可控归因,则对下次成功的期望越小;失败时倾向内部、不稳定、不可控的归因,则对下次成功的期望越强,倾向内部、稳定、不可控的归因则对下次的成功期望越小。
     多元回归分析表明,父母偏爱被试、父亲情感温暖、理解、惩罚、严厉、母亲过分干涉、过度保护的教养方式对学生考试成功归因有显著的正向预测作用;母亲惩罚、严厉的教养方式对学生考试成功归因具有显著的负向预测作用。父亲情感温暖、理解、偏爱被试和母亲惩罚严厉的教养方式对学生考试失败归因有显著的正向预测作用;父母亲情感温暖、理解和父亲过分干涉的教养方式对学生考试失败归因有显著的负向预测作用。
Students tend to make their explanation regarding their success or failure in an examination. The ways they interpret their causes of current outcomes will definitely influence their emotions, future expectations and also their motivation of achievement. Previous study has provided clear evidence that a strong relationship between attributional style and parenting in adolescents does occur. This research study has applied the similar fundamental principles conducted by previous research. Here, it employed questionnaire investigated the characteristic of success and failure attribution in examination of 240 students from Chinese Independent High School. At the same time, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression was applied to analyze the relationship among students success and failure attribution in examination and parenting style. The results have indicated the following:
     Students tend to make external, stable and controllable attributions in success circumstances. However, they tend to make internal, unstable and uncontrollable attributions in failure circumstances. In success or failure circumstances, sexual differences are not significant in most of the causal attributions factors. Success attributed to internal, stable, uncontrollable factors increases the possibility of future success. Meanwhile, success attributed to external, unstable, controllable factors decreases the possibility of future success. Failure attributed to internal, unstable, uncontrollable factors increases the possibility of future success. Meanwhile, failure attributed to internal, stable, uncontrollable factors decreases the possibility of future success.
     The multiple regression analysis indicated that parental preference, fathers' warmth and punishment as well as mothers' over-intervention, over-protection parenting style were a significant positive predictor on students' success attribution. Mothers' punishment parenting style was significant inverse predictors on students' success attribution. Fathers' warmth and preference as well as mothers' punishment were significant positive predictors on students' failure attribution. Parental warmth and fathers' over-intervention were significant inverse predictor on students' failure attribution.
引文
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