基于轴箱谱的轨道短波不平顺识别方法研究
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摘要
随着行车速度的提高,轨道短波不平顺对轮轨动作用力的影响,成为快速、高速线路十分重要的问题。而当前的传统轨道检测方法、专用的轨道检测车、轻型轨道不平顺检测小车等不太适应高速高密度线路的频繁测量,因此,需要研究其它检测轨道短波不平顺的辅助手段。
本文首次将机械故障诊断理论运用于轨道短波不平顺诊断识别的领域,提出了基于轴箱谱的轨道短波不平顺识别方法。与目前各国从位移角度检测轨道不平顺方法的不同,此方法从频率的角度来检测分析轨道短波不平顺。
课题的研究目的是:通过对轴箱加速度信号的处理和分析总结出信号特征和相应轨道短波不平顺状态的对于关系,即利用轴箱加速度信号识别轨道短波不平顺类型和状态。
本文基于系统动力学理论,建立了谐波型不平顺模型、集总参数的简单轮轨模型和引入轨道不平顺的轮轨模型,推导了谐波型轨道不平顺频率与轴箱加速度频率的相等关系;同时运用信号处理理论,对实验数据进行预处理、滤波器滤波处理和比较识别。从理论计算和实验数据处理两方面证明了:轨道出现短波不平顺故障将导致轴箱加速度信号的变化,运用基于轴箱谱的轨道短波不平顺识别方法,实现对波形磨耗、焊缝凹陷、轨枕空吊等类型的轨道短波不平顺状态的识别是可行的。
With the increase of running speed, the influence of the short wave track irregularities on dynamic action between wheel and rail become a very important problem on high speed rail lines. The current methods of track measurement are the traditional measurement, the track inspection car and light duty motor trolley. They are not very suitable for frequent measurement on high speed and high density lines. So, the research of other supplementary means for inspection of short wave track irregularity is needed.
In this paper, the mechanical fault diagnosis theory is applied to the field of short wave track irregularity recognition for the first time. The short wave track irregularity recognition method based on axlebox spectrum is proposed. This method is from the angle of the frequency for the inspection of short wave track irregularity, which is different from the angle of the displacement adopted by various countries now.
The purpose of the study is to summarize signal characteristics and the state of corresponding short wave track irregularity through the processing and analysis of axlebox acceleration. That is to recognize the type and state of short wave track irregularity utilizing axlebox acceleration.
Harmonic irregularity model, parameter lumped simple wheel-track model and wheel-track model after introducing track irregularity are established based on dynamics in the paper. And the equal relationship between the frequency of harmonic irregularity and the frequency of axlebox acceleration is deduced. Simultaneously, the preprocessing, filter processing of experimental data and comparison recognition are done. What have been proved in theoretical calculations and experimental data processing are that short wave track irregularity will lead to the changes of axlebox acceleration, the recognition of short wave track irregularity such as corrugation, weld depression, loose sleeper etc. utilizing the short wave track irregularity recognition method based on axlebox spectrum is feasible.
本文首次将机械故障诊断理论运用于轨道短波不平顺诊断识别的领域,提出了基于轴箱谱的轨道短波不平顺识别方法。与目前各国从位移角度检测轨道不平顺方法的不同,此方法从频率的角度来检测分析轨道短波不平顺。
课题的研究目的是:通过对轴箱加速度信号的处理和分析总结出信号特征和相应轨道短波不平顺状态的对于关系,即利用轴箱加速度信号识别轨道短波不平顺类型和状态。
本文基于系统动力学理论,建立了谐波型不平顺模型、集总参数的简单轮轨模型和引入轨道不平顺的轮轨模型,推导了谐波型轨道不平顺频率与轴箱加速度频率的相等关系;同时运用信号处理理论,对实验数据进行预处理、滤波器滤波处理和比较识别。从理论计算和实验数据处理两方面证明了:轨道出现短波不平顺故障将导致轴箱加速度信号的变化,运用基于轴箱谱的轨道短波不平顺识别方法,实现对波形磨耗、焊缝凹陷、轨枕空吊等类型的轨道短波不平顺状态的识别是可行的。
With the increase of running speed, the influence of the short wave track irregularities on dynamic action between wheel and rail become a very important problem on high speed rail lines. The current methods of track measurement are the traditional measurement, the track inspection car and light duty motor trolley. They are not very suitable for frequent measurement on high speed and high density lines. So, the research of other supplementary means for inspection of short wave track irregularity is needed.
In this paper, the mechanical fault diagnosis theory is applied to the field of short wave track irregularity recognition for the first time. The short wave track irregularity recognition method based on axlebox spectrum is proposed. This method is from the angle of the frequency for the inspection of short wave track irregularity, which is different from the angle of the displacement adopted by various countries now.
The purpose of the study is to summarize signal characteristics and the state of corresponding short wave track irregularity through the processing and analysis of axlebox acceleration. That is to recognize the type and state of short wave track irregularity utilizing axlebox acceleration.
Harmonic irregularity model, parameter lumped simple wheel-track model and wheel-track model after introducing track irregularity are established based on dynamics in the paper. And the equal relationship between the frequency of harmonic irregularity and the frequency of axlebox acceleration is deduced. Simultaneously, the preprocessing, filter processing of experimental data and comparison recognition are done. What have been proved in theoretical calculations and experimental data processing are that short wave track irregularity will lead to the changes of axlebox acceleration, the recognition of short wave track irregularity such as corrugation, weld depression, loose sleeper etc. utilizing the short wave track irregularity recognition method based on axlebox spectrum is feasible.
引文
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[27]陈新.加速度传感器ADXL105的原理及其应用[J].自动化技术与应用,2006,25(10):60-62.
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[30]Analog Devices.High Accuracy ±1 g to ±5g Single Axis Accelerometer with AnalogInput[Z].America:Analog Devices,1999.
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[32]刘建军,连香娇,杜小巍.基于数据采集卡的轮速传感器故障诊断系统设计[J].机电产品开发与创新,2007,20(2):121-122,128.
[33]National Instruments.Portable USB-Based DAQ with Simultaneous SamplingADKLIOS[Z].America:National Instruments,2005.
[34]陆珠兴,苏燕辰,李华超.轨道长波不平顺检测系统设计[J].中国测试技术,2007,33,(2):16-18,56.
[35]Junji Kawasaki,Kamal Youcef-Toumi.Estimation of Rail Irregularities[C].Anchorage:Proceedings of the American Control Conference,2002:3651-3660.
[36]P F Weston,C S Ling,C Roberts,C J Goodman,P Li,R M Goodall.Monitoring verticaltrack irregularity from in-service railway vehicles[J].Rail and Rapid Transit,2007,(221):75-88.
[37]薛喜年.MATLAB在数字信号处理中的应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003:113-130.
[38]王济,胡晓.MATLAB在振动信号处理中的应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,知识产权出版社,2006:30-126.
[39]庞新富.列车运行轮轨状态安全预警系统的波谱分析[D].锦州:辽宁工学院,2004.
[40]肖尚辉,黄邦菊.基于MATLAB的FIR/IIR滤波器分析与设计研究[J].宜宾学院学报,2006,6(6):97-99.
[41]王蔚.MATLAB环境下的数字滤波器设计及其应用[D].苏州:苏州大学,2002.
[42]刘春河.基于MATLAB7.0的FIR滤波器设计及实现[J].电子质量,2006(12):39-40.
[43]李善姬,芦成刚.采用VB与MATLAB混合编程的数字滤波器设计[J].计算机工程与设计,2006,27,(18):3486-3490.
[44]王冬,王华.基于MATLAB的IIR数字滤波器的设计技术[J].应用能源技术,2006,(3):47-50.
[45]Kunio TAKESHITA.Track Irregularity Inspection Method by Revenue-earningTrain(in Japanese)[J].QTRI REPORT,1995,9(2):29-34.
[46]Yoichi SUNAGA,Torasaburo IDE,Minoru KANAO.A Practical Use of AxleboxAcceleration to Control the Short-wave Track Irregularities on Shinkansen(inJapanese)[J].RTRI REPORT,1995,9(2):35-40.
[47]Kunio TAKESHITA.Track Irregularity Inspection Method by Commercial RailwayVehicles[J].QR of RTRI,1997,38(1):6-12.
[48]Yoichi SUNAGA,Isao SANO,Torasaburo IDE.h Method to Control the Short Wave Track Irregularities Utilizing Axlebox Acceleration[J].QR of
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[2]铁道部科学研究院.《我国干线轨道不平顺功率谱的研究》总报告[R].北京:铁道部科学研究院铁道建筑研究所,1999:1-33.
[3]董志国.铁轨检测小车的结构设计与测量算法[D].太原:太原理工大学,2006.
[4]雷继尧,何世德.机械故障诊断基础知识[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1989:1-8.
[5]罗林,张格明,吴旺青,柴雪松.轮轨系统轨道平顺状态的控制[M].北京:中国铁道出版社.2006:1-168.
[6]Eiji YAZAWA.Development of Measurement Device of Track Irregularity usingInertial Mid-chord Offset Method[J].QR of RTRI,2002,43(3):125-130.
[7]张未.GJ-4型轨道检查车的原理与应用[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2001:4-51.
[8]黄文虎,夏松波,刘瑞岩.设备故障诊断原理、技术及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1997:53-54.
[9]由大伟.往复泵泵阀故障的智能诊断技术与实现[D].大庆:大庆石油学院.2004.
[10]李涵武,王伟杰,赵雨日.机械设备故障诊断方法及其数据采集系统[J].林业机械与土木设备,2004,32(1):45-46.
[11]陈安华,刘德顺,郭迎福.振动诊断的动力学理论与方法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002:1-6.
[12]王占山,李平,任正云,李奇安.非线性系统的故障诊断技术[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2001,(5):8-10,22.
[13]全国注册资产评估师考试用书编写组.2007年机电设备评估基础[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2007.
[14]李大勇.GJY轨检仪性能优化及干扰信息处理技术研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2006.
[15]童大埙.铁路轨道[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1988:94-95.
[16]刘伶萍,杜鹤亭,杨爱红.钢轨波浪磨耗检测系统的研究开发[J].中国铁道科学,2002,23(6):65-69.
[17]张定贤.机车车辆轨道系统动力学[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1996:116-118,211-212.
[18]汤庆田,何胜利,张守利.改善既有线顶进涵线桥接合部轨枕空吊状况的对策初探[J].铁道建筑,2003,(6):55-56.
[19]翟婉明.车辆-轨道耦合动力学[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2001:79-106.
[20][苏]C.B.维尔辛斯基,B.и.达尼诺夫,и и.契尔诺柯夫著.王福天,夏寅荪,严隽耄,朱基,陈健凡译.铁路车辆动力学[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1986:26-40.
[21]孟宏,翟婉明,封全保,王开云.“天梭”号电力机车垂向动力作用分析[J].机车电传动,2004,(1):7-10.
[22]谢世波,罗雁云.提速列车轮轨附加动荷载分析[J].上海铁道大学学报,1997,18(1):42-47.
[23]庞国仲.自动控制原理[M].合肥:中国科技大学出版社,1998:446-456.
[24]刘瑞扬,王毓民.铁路货车运行状态地面安全监测系统(TPDS)原理及应用[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2005:29-36.
铩颷25]秦树人.机械测试系统原理与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[26]马振春.列车纵向冲击的检测与分析[D].北京:北京交通大学,2004.
[27]陈新.加速度传感器ADXL105的原理及其应用[J].自动化技术与应用,2006,25(10):60-62.
[28]刘龙江,程博.ADXL105加速度传感器在车辆平稳性测试中的应用[J].测控与仪表,2006(1):86-88.
[29]纽瑞萍,蔡伯根.加速度计ADXL105的性能测试[J].电子产品世界,2002(1):40-41.
[30]Analog Devices.High Accuracy ±1 g to ±5g Single Axis Accelerometer with AnalogInput[Z].America:Analog Devices,1999.
[31]黎丹,陈特放.机车轴承故障诊断中振动信号采集的研究[J].国外电子元器件,2007,(1):35-39.
[32]刘建军,连香娇,杜小巍.基于数据采集卡的轮速传感器故障诊断系统设计[J].机电产品开发与创新,2007,20(2):121-122,128.
[33]National Instruments.Portable USB-Based DAQ with Simultaneous SamplingADKLIOS[Z].America:National Instruments,2005.
[34]陆珠兴,苏燕辰,李华超.轨道长波不平顺检测系统设计[J].中国测试技术,2007,33,(2):16-18,56.
[35]Junji Kawasaki,Kamal Youcef-Toumi.Estimation of Rail Irregularities[C].Anchorage:Proceedings of the American Control Conference,2002:3651-3660.
[36]P F Weston,C S Ling,C Roberts,C J Goodman,P Li,R M Goodall.Monitoring verticaltrack irregularity from in-service railway vehicles[J].Rail and Rapid Transit,2007,(221):75-88.
[37]薛喜年.MATLAB在数字信号处理中的应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003:113-130.
[38]王济,胡晓.MATLAB在振动信号处理中的应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,知识产权出版社,2006:30-126.
[39]庞新富.列车运行轮轨状态安全预警系统的波谱分析[D].锦州:辽宁工学院,2004.
[40]肖尚辉,黄邦菊.基于MATLAB的FIR/IIR滤波器分析与设计研究[J].宜宾学院学报,2006,6(6):97-99.
[41]王蔚.MATLAB环境下的数字滤波器设计及其应用[D].苏州:苏州大学,2002.
[42]刘春河.基于MATLAB7.0的FIR滤波器设计及实现[J].电子质量,2006(12):39-40.
[43]李善姬,芦成刚.采用VB与MATLAB混合编程的数字滤波器设计[J].计算机工程与设计,2006,27,(18):3486-3490.
[44]王冬,王华.基于MATLAB的IIR数字滤波器的设计技术[J].应用能源技术,2006,(3):47-50.
[45]Kunio TAKESHITA.Track Irregularity Inspection Method by Revenue-earningTrain(in Japanese)[J].QTRI REPORT,1995,9(2):29-34.
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