基于GIS系统的小区供水管网管理体系研究
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摘要
随着城市规模的不断扩大,城市地下管线越来越错综复杂。目前对管线资料的管理基本上还在采用传统模式,借助图纸,凭经验和记忆来管理、查询、统计管线数据资料,造成诸多设计上的失误和施工中的事故,并且因为缺少空间分析和查询功能,一旦发生故障,不能及时发现或发现后难以迅速制定和实施应急方案。这种管线数据管理的现状和社会对其的需求已构成强烈的反差,因此建立基于GIS的供水管网信息系统相当迫切。
随着分区供水管理研究的进一步发展,城市管网分区成为我国城市管网管理的发展方向。因而,本文在提出了小区供水管网GIS系统的设计思想、实现过程和应解决的关键问题上,以Delphi为开发平台,设计并运行出小区供水管网的GIS系统应用软件。将管网管理与计算机技术相结合,取代以图纸和设备卡为主的传统管理模式,实现科学化管理,提高工作效率。
在该系统应用软件开发中,Delphi软件通过ADO技术连接Access数据库实现供水管网属性数据的查询,通过动态创建组件技术来实现供水管网空间数据的调用。系统不仅具有空间数据和属性数据的管理功能,还利用Excel的数据自动处理和计算功能对小区用水量信息进行处理,计算出小区漏失率,以指导管网检漏工作。同时利用Delphi的RAVE报表组件实现了一个具有良好打印功能的报表界面,将管网的漏失状况以统一的格式输出,最后本系统对Auto CAD,可视化编程和数据库技术融入GIS做了有益的尝试,并且提出了建立小区供水管网GIS系统的方法和模式。结果表明该方案是可行的、经济的、并能满足给水管网日常业务管理需求。系统的查询模块、用水量管理模块、管网维护模块,漏失计算模块以及管网图纸管理模块建立的方法不仅适用于住宅小区,而且适用于城市供水管网GIS系统的建立。
With the continuous expansion of the size of the cities, urban underground pipeline become more complicate. At present the management of the pipeline's information is still basically using the traditional model, with drawings, to use their experience and memory to manage, query, statistical data pipeline, causing a lot of mistakes on the design and construction of the accident, and because of a lack of room for query and analysis functions in case of failure, the managers can not find or discover in time to quickly develop and implement contingency plans. This pipeline data management of their social status and the demand has been a strong contrast, the establishment of GIS-based water pipe network information system is urgent.
As the water management district on the further development of China, citys' networks division will be the direction of underground pipeline's development of china. As a result, this area in the propose of water supply networks GIS system design, implementation process and should address the key issues has Delphi been platform for the development's designing and running the water pipe network to the area of GIS application software. Connect the network management with computer technology, to replace the traditional management model basing on the drawings and cards with the information of equipments, to have scientific management and improve work efficiency.
In the system application software development, Delphi software uses technology about the ADO connection Access database to achieve the query of water supply networks sttribute data, through a dynamic component technology to achieve water supply networks of spatial data calls. System not only has the attribute data and space data management capabilities, but also use the automatic data processing and computing functions of Excel to manage the district water consumption information, calculate the rate of leakage area and guide the pipeline leak detection work. Use the Delphi statements RAVE components to achieve a good printing interface statements, have the networks loss of status in a uniform format output. The last of the system does a useful attempt on taking Auto CAD, visual programming and database technology into the GIS, and proposes the methods and modalities about establishment of community water supply networks GIS system. The results showed that the programme is feasible, economic and satisfies the demand of water supply networks' day-to-day business management. The query module, water management module, network maintenance module, the loss calculation module and the map of the network management module not only apply to residential quarters, but also to urban water supply networks GIS system.
随着分区供水管理研究的进一步发展,城市管网分区成为我国城市管网管理的发展方向。因而,本文在提出了小区供水管网GIS系统的设计思想、实现过程和应解决的关键问题上,以Delphi为开发平台,设计并运行出小区供水管网的GIS系统应用软件。将管网管理与计算机技术相结合,取代以图纸和设备卡为主的传统管理模式,实现科学化管理,提高工作效率。
在该系统应用软件开发中,Delphi软件通过ADO技术连接Access数据库实现供水管网属性数据的查询,通过动态创建组件技术来实现供水管网空间数据的调用。系统不仅具有空间数据和属性数据的管理功能,还利用Excel的数据自动处理和计算功能对小区用水量信息进行处理,计算出小区漏失率,以指导管网检漏工作。同时利用Delphi的RAVE报表组件实现了一个具有良好打印功能的报表界面,将管网的漏失状况以统一的格式输出,最后本系统对Auto CAD,可视化编程和数据库技术融入GIS做了有益的尝试,并且提出了建立小区供水管网GIS系统的方法和模式。结果表明该方案是可行的、经济的、并能满足给水管网日常业务管理需求。系统的查询模块、用水量管理模块、管网维护模块,漏失计算模块以及管网图纸管理模块建立的方法不仅适用于住宅小区,而且适用于城市供水管网GIS系统的建立。
With the continuous expansion of the size of the cities, urban underground pipeline become more complicate. At present the management of the pipeline's information is still basically using the traditional model, with drawings, to use their experience and memory to manage, query, statistical data pipeline, causing a lot of mistakes on the design and construction of the accident, and because of a lack of room for query and analysis functions in case of failure, the managers can not find or discover in time to quickly develop and implement contingency plans. This pipeline data management of their social status and the demand has been a strong contrast, the establishment of GIS-based water pipe network information system is urgent.
As the water management district on the further development of China, citys' networks division will be the direction of underground pipeline's development of china. As a result, this area in the propose of water supply networks GIS system design, implementation process and should address the key issues has Delphi been platform for the development's designing and running the water pipe network to the area of GIS application software. Connect the network management with computer technology, to replace the traditional management model basing on the drawings and cards with the information of equipments, to have scientific management and improve work efficiency.
In the system application software development, Delphi software uses technology about the ADO connection Access database to achieve the query of water supply networks sttribute data, through a dynamic component technology to achieve water supply networks of spatial data calls. System not only has the attribute data and space data management capabilities, but also use the automatic data processing and computing functions of Excel to manage the district water consumption information, calculate the rate of leakage area and guide the pipeline leak detection work. Use the Delphi statements RAVE components to achieve a good printing interface statements, have the networks loss of status in a uniform format output. The last of the system does a useful attempt on taking Auto CAD, visual programming and database technology into the GIS, and proposes the methods and modalities about establishment of community water supply networks GIS system. The results showed that the programme is feasible, economic and satisfies the demand of water supply networks' day-to-day business management. The query module, water management module, network maintenance module, the loss calculation module and the map of the network management module not only apply to residential quarters, but also to urban water supply networks GIS system.
引文
[1]刘善建.搞好城市供水规划 奠定城市发展基础[J].水利规划与设计,1994,(3):P14-18
[2]刘遂庆,李强,王雪峰.给水管网计算机应用与国产化软件发展方向.管道更新改造研讨会,景洪,2000年11月
[3]中华人民共和国行业规范.城市居住区规划设计规范(GB50180-93)
[4]中华人民共和国行业规范.居住小区给水排水设计规范(CECS57:94)
[5]张果,刘江平.某集团公司综合管网地理信息系统的建立与应用.城市勘测.2002,(1):P17-20
[6]周建华,赵洪宾.城市给水管网系统所面临的问题与对策[J].中国给水排水,2002,11:P30-32
[7]田一梅,赵新华,黎荣.GIS技术在供水系统中的应用与发展[J].中国给水排水,2000,16:P21-23
[8]暴智浩.供水管网GIS的设计开发与发展趋势[J].城市公共事业,2002,16(5):P38-40
[9]鲍虎军.我国GIS技术与应用的现状和对策.863-13主题专家组
[10]莫丽娜.地理信息系统(GIS)在交通中的应用[J].青海交通科技,2007,02:P8-9
[11]龚健雅.地理信息系统软件的发展趋势[M].测绘软科学研究,1997,1
[12]http://news.sina.com.cn/duihua/sars/LearnMoreAboutGIS/learngis.htm
[13]衰一星,赵洪宾等.给水管网综合信息微机管理系统研究[J].中国给水排水,1994,10(6):P35-39
[14]Daene C Mckinney.Expert Geographic Information System for Texas Water Planning[J].Journal of Water Resource Planning And Management,1993,119(2)
[15]Martin MKaufman.Small Sysetm Maintenance Management Using GIS[J].AWWA 1998,60(8):P70-76
[16]Ron Booth.Using GIS Technology To Manage Infrastructure Captial Assets.[J].AWWA.2001,93(11):P58-73
[17]Si.Smith.Water Network Projects Manager Research & Technology.Water Network Seminar Zhengzhou.2002:P336-350
[18]孙晨刚.GIS系统在上海供水管网管理中的应用[J].城市公用事业,2005年05期:P32-34
[19]“城市综合管网信息管理系统”研制开发成功[J].城建档案,1994,1
[20]任基成,蒋敏.宁波市城市供水管网管理信息系统
[21]建设部、国家发展改革委、财政部关于印发《全国城市供水管网改造近期规划(2006年—2007年)》的通知
[22]李开源.住宅小区供水管网管理的地理信息系统研究与开发[D].西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文.2004
[23]戴慎志,陈践.城市给水排水工程规划.安徽科学技术出版社.2001
[24]修文群,池天河.城市地理信息系统(GIS).北京希望电子出版社.1999
[25]长沙市地下供水管线详查技术方案.长沙自来水公司.2002
[26]Geng Weimin.Control of Leakage Loss of Water Supply Pipe Network[J].Public Utilities,2005,02
[27]雷林源.城市地卜管线探测与测漏[M].北京:冶金下业出版社,2003
[28]徐新旋.相关仪的运用[J].地下管线管理,2001,(3):P47-48.
[29]蒋峰,李景华.给水管道检漏下作的新进展[J].化工给排水设计,1994,(1):P39-43.
[30]王继华.相关测漏技术与新成果[D].桂林:桂林下学院,2003.
[31]《城市供水管网漏损控制及评定标准》
[32]张寅,彭晨蕊,郑世华.城市供水管网工程管理信息系统的研究.供水技术,2007,04:P5-9
[33]张锡宁.城市供水管网信息系统的设计与实现[D].武汉大学硕士论文.2004,5,1
[34]明日科技 梁水,李方超,赛奎春.Delphi开发技术大全.人民邮电出版社
[35]陈润.精通Delphi数据库设计与实例开发.中国青年电子出版社
[36]刘小燕.城市供水管网GIS的设计与实现[D].西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2007
[37]郑小玲,王学军.Access项目案例导航.科学出版社
[38]何维华.纵谈管网的运行管理
[39]赵洪宾,陈兵,伍悦滨.给水管网漏失预测模型的研究[J].给水排水,Vol.27.NO.10,2001
[40]耿为民,刘遂庆,信昆仑.给水管网漏损检测周期的优化求解[D].同济大学 学报,2004,32(4)
[41]信昆仑,刘遂庆.城市给水管网水力模拟功能与应用
[42]邵强.供水管网动态管理的设想.城镇供水管道施工与养护技术研讨会,2002年
[43]张宏伟,牛志广,陈超,洪霞.供水管道漏失预测模型研究[J].中国给水排水,2001,17(16):P123-126
[44]Jon Maker.Inspecting System for Leaks,Pit and Corrosion[J].Amercian Water Works Asscciation,1999,91,(7)
[45]Z.Y.Wu,T.Walski.Self-adaptive penalty approach compared with other constraint-handing techuiques for pipeline optimization[M].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Managemnet,2005,5:P181-192
[46]李天荣,袁丹,张斌.建筑小区管线综合工作探讨[D].重庆建筑大学学报,1999,21(6)
[47]李黎武.GIS环境下给水管网工况分析系统的研究.湖南大学工学硕士学位论文.2002
[48]Peter Bounds,Jens Kahler,Bogumil Ulanick.Efficient energy management of a large-scale water supply system[M].Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems,23(3):P209-220
[49]Serge Garcia,Alban Thomas.Regulation of public utilities under asymmetric[M].Information Environment and Resource Econormics,2003,26:P145-162
[50]刘遂庆,李强,王雪峰.给水管网计算机应用与国产化软件发展方向.管道更新改造研讨会论文集.2000
[51]T.Devi Prasad,G.A.Walter,D.A.Savic.Booster Disinfection of water supply network:multiobjective approach[M].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Managemnet,2004:P267-376
[52]Roger W.Meier,Brian D.Barkdoll.Sampline Design for network Model calibration using genetic algorithms[M].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Managemnet,2000:P245-250
[53]Tomlin,C.D.Geographical Information System and Cartographic Modeling.Prentice Hall.1990.
[54]洪觉民.中小自来水厂管理维护手册.中国建筑工业出版社,1990:P339- 341
[55]Stefano Mainardi.Water availability and infrastructure development:cross network estimates[J].Desalination,158(2003):P241-254
[56]陈江.图解精通Access2003.中国水利水电出版社
[57]赵洪宾,严煦世.给水管网系统理论与分析.中国建筑工业出版社
[58]Jan Holnicki-Szulc,Przemyslaw Kolankowski,Nagib Nasher.Leakage Detection in Water Networks[J].Journal of intelligenet material Systems and Structures,2005,16(3):P207-219
[59]段焕丰,俞国平.供水管道漏损安全预测方法[M].计量技术,2006.NO.1
[60]李稳,崔建国,贾新强.供水管网漏损的预测及检漏的研究[J].科技情报开发与经济,2006,16(9):P258-259
[2]刘遂庆,李强,王雪峰.给水管网计算机应用与国产化软件发展方向.管道更新改造研讨会,景洪,2000年11月
[3]中华人民共和国行业规范.城市居住区规划设计规范(GB50180-93)
[4]中华人民共和国行业规范.居住小区给水排水设计规范(CECS57:94)
[5]张果,刘江平.某集团公司综合管网地理信息系统的建立与应用.城市勘测.2002,(1):P17-20
[6]周建华,赵洪宾.城市给水管网系统所面临的问题与对策[J].中国给水排水,2002,11:P30-32
[7]田一梅,赵新华,黎荣.GIS技术在供水系统中的应用与发展[J].中国给水排水,2000,16:P21-23
[8]暴智浩.供水管网GIS的设计开发与发展趋势[J].城市公共事业,2002,16(5):P38-40
[9]鲍虎军.我国GIS技术与应用的现状和对策.863-13主题专家组
[10]莫丽娜.地理信息系统(GIS)在交通中的应用[J].青海交通科技,2007,02:P8-9
[11]龚健雅.地理信息系统软件的发展趋势[M].测绘软科学研究,1997,1
[12]http://news.sina.com.cn/duihua/sars/LearnMoreAboutGIS/learngis.htm
[13]衰一星,赵洪宾等.给水管网综合信息微机管理系统研究[J].中国给水排水,1994,10(6):P35-39
[14]Daene C Mckinney.Expert Geographic Information System for Texas Water Planning[J].Journal of Water Resource Planning And Management,1993,119(2)
[15]Martin MKaufman.Small Sysetm Maintenance Management Using GIS[J].AWWA 1998,60(8):P70-76
[16]Ron Booth.Using GIS Technology To Manage Infrastructure Captial Assets.[J].AWWA.2001,93(11):P58-73
[17]Si.Smith.Water Network Projects Manager Research & Technology.Water Network Seminar Zhengzhou.2002:P336-350
[18]孙晨刚.GIS系统在上海供水管网管理中的应用[J].城市公用事业,2005年05期:P32-34
[19]“城市综合管网信息管理系统”研制开发成功[J].城建档案,1994,1
[20]任基成,蒋敏.宁波市城市供水管网管理信息系统
[21]建设部、国家发展改革委、财政部关于印发《全国城市供水管网改造近期规划(2006年—2007年)》的通知
[22]李开源.住宅小区供水管网管理的地理信息系统研究与开发[D].西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文.2004
[23]戴慎志,陈践.城市给水排水工程规划.安徽科学技术出版社.2001
[24]修文群,池天河.城市地理信息系统(GIS).北京希望电子出版社.1999
[25]长沙市地下供水管线详查技术方案.长沙自来水公司.2002
[26]Geng Weimin.Control of Leakage Loss of Water Supply Pipe Network[J].Public Utilities,2005,02
[27]雷林源.城市地卜管线探测与测漏[M].北京:冶金下业出版社,2003
[28]徐新旋.相关仪的运用[J].地下管线管理,2001,(3):P47-48.
[29]蒋峰,李景华.给水管道检漏下作的新进展[J].化工给排水设计,1994,(1):P39-43.
[30]王继华.相关测漏技术与新成果[D].桂林:桂林下学院,2003.
[31]《城市供水管网漏损控制及评定标准》
[32]张寅,彭晨蕊,郑世华.城市供水管网工程管理信息系统的研究.供水技术,2007,04:P5-9
[33]张锡宁.城市供水管网信息系统的设计与实现[D].武汉大学硕士论文.2004,5,1
[34]明日科技 梁水,李方超,赛奎春.Delphi开发技术大全.人民邮电出版社
[35]陈润.精通Delphi数据库设计与实例开发.中国青年电子出版社
[36]刘小燕.城市供水管网GIS的设计与实现[D].西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2007
[37]郑小玲,王学军.Access项目案例导航.科学出版社
[38]何维华.纵谈管网的运行管理
[39]赵洪宾,陈兵,伍悦滨.给水管网漏失预测模型的研究[J].给水排水,Vol.27.NO.10,2001
[40]耿为民,刘遂庆,信昆仑.给水管网漏损检测周期的优化求解[D].同济大学 学报,2004,32(4)
[41]信昆仑,刘遂庆.城市给水管网水力模拟功能与应用
[42]邵强.供水管网动态管理的设想.城镇供水管道施工与养护技术研讨会,2002年
[43]张宏伟,牛志广,陈超,洪霞.供水管道漏失预测模型研究[J].中国给水排水,2001,17(16):P123-126
[44]Jon Maker.Inspecting System for Leaks,Pit and Corrosion[J].Amercian Water Works Asscciation,1999,91,(7)
[45]Z.Y.Wu,T.Walski.Self-adaptive penalty approach compared with other constraint-handing techuiques for pipeline optimization[M].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Managemnet,2005,5:P181-192
[46]李天荣,袁丹,张斌.建筑小区管线综合工作探讨[D].重庆建筑大学学报,1999,21(6)
[47]李黎武.GIS环境下给水管网工况分析系统的研究.湖南大学工学硕士学位论文.2002
[48]Peter Bounds,Jens Kahler,Bogumil Ulanick.Efficient energy management of a large-scale water supply system[M].Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems,23(3):P209-220
[49]Serge Garcia,Alban Thomas.Regulation of public utilities under asymmetric[M].Information Environment and Resource Econormics,2003,26:P145-162
[50]刘遂庆,李强,王雪峰.给水管网计算机应用与国产化软件发展方向.管道更新改造研讨会论文集.2000
[51]T.Devi Prasad,G.A.Walter,D.A.Savic.Booster Disinfection of water supply network:multiobjective approach[M].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Managemnet,2004:P267-376
[52]Roger W.Meier,Brian D.Barkdoll.Sampline Design for network Model calibration using genetic algorithms[M].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Managemnet,2000:P245-250
[53]Tomlin,C.D.Geographical Information System and Cartographic Modeling.Prentice Hall.1990.
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[55]Stefano Mainardi.Water availability and infrastructure development:cross network estimates[J].Desalination,158(2003):P241-254
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