摘要
随着IEC 61850标准的研究及其相关变电站自动化产品的研发,IEC 61850的应用价值已经在国内外得到了肯定,其取代传统的通信协议成为变电站内部网络的主流协议将是必然趋势。IEC 61850变电站自动化系统的通信网络结构和数据传输方式较传统发生了巨大变化。研究不同网络结构和配置下IEC 61850变电站通信网络的性能,对IEC 61850变电站自动化设备的研发和通信网络的设计具有重要意义。由于通信系统数学建模的复杂性和现场测试的局限性,仿真成为研究变电站网络性能的一种合适方法。电力通信同步仿真平台EPOCHS(Electric Power and Communication Synchronizing Simulator)为IEC 61850变电站通信网络的仿真研究提供了一种有效工具。
本文分析了IEC 61850标准,阐述其基本思想和核心技术内容,包括面向对象建模、抽象通讯服务接口、特定通信服务映射等。在深入研究EPOCHS仿真平台程序框架结构的基础上,在该平台上构建了实现IEC 61850变电站通信仿真的框架,提出变电站物理设备在不同仿真模块之间数据交互方案,建立各种智能电子设备(IED)信息模型和通信模型。分析各类报文的协议栈映射方式,提出了MMS编码/解码模块的设计方案,实现MMS协议数据单元(PDU)的ASN.1抽象语法和传送语法之间的转换。为了实现IEC 61850标准的仿真,对EPOCHS平台进行以下扩展:添加IEEE 802.1Q协议,用于模拟虚拟局域网VLAN多播报文,实现采样值(SV)报文和通用变电站事件(GOOSE)报文仿真;修改以太网底层信道类(channel),使该平台既可以仿真共享式以太网,也可以仿真交换式以太网;设计并实现了多优先级缓冲队列,报文在网络中携带优先级标签传输。
针对一个具体变电站模型,在扩展后的EPOCHS平台上建立了IEC 61850变电站及其自动化通信系统,进行了通信仿真实验,验证了扩展后EPOCHS平台仿真IEC 61850变电站自动化通信的有效性;比较了各种不同条件下的报文传输时延、时延抖动和丢报率。根据仿真实验结果,对IEC 61850变电站自动化设备的研发和通信网络的设计提出了建议。
With research of IEC 61850 standard and development of relevant substation automation product, IEC 61850 applied cost has been approved all over the world. It is an inevitable trend that IEC 61850 will replace traditional communication protocol to become mainstream of substation internal network protocol. Great change has occurred in both aspects of network framework and data transmission mode in substation automation system. So understanding IEC 61850 substation communication network performance under different network framework and configure will benefit substation automation devices' development and network design. Due to communication model complexity and locale test limitation, simulation becomes a suitable method to research substation communication network. Electric Power and Communication Synchronizing Simulator (EPOCHS) is an effective tool for simulation study on IEC 61850 substation communication network.
IEC 61850 standard's basic concept and kernel technology are expounded in this thesis, including object-oriented modeling, Abstract Communication Service Interface (ACSI), Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) and so on. Based on deep research on program framework of EPOCHS platform, IEC 61850 substation communication simulation frameworks is set up on this platform. A scheme of data exchange between simulation modules for physical device is put forward, and information model and communication model for all kinds of IEDs are made up. All kinds of messages' protocol stack mappings are analyzed, and a design scheme for MMS encoding/decoding module is brought forward, which is used for conversion between ASN. 1 abstract syntax and transfer syntax of MMS Protocol Data Units (PDU). To realize IEC 61850 simulation, several extensions are carried out as follows: IEEE 802.1Q protocol is added to simulate virtual LAN (VLAN). multicast, and sample value (SV) message and generic object-oriented substation event (GOOSE) message are realized; Ethernet bottom channel simulation program is modified, and this platform can simulate both switched and shared Ethernet; buffer queue with multi-priority is designed and realized, and messages are transmitted with priority tag.
Substation automation system of a specific substation is set up and its IEC 61850 communication is experimented. The effectivity of extended EPOCHS platform for IEC 61850 communication is proofed. Message delay, jitter and packet loss are compared under different conditions. Based on simulation experiment result, advices for substation device development and communication network design are offered.
引文
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