摘要
在现代企业中,存货不仅品种繁多,而且占用了企业大量的流动资金。因此,进行合理的库存管理,尽量在各种存货成本与存货效益之间做出权衡,达到两者的最佳结合,对现代企业的生产经营是十分重要的。
最近,变质商品的库存问题受到了相当大的关注。粮食也是变质商品的一种,拥有和变质商品共同的库存模型。对于像粮食这类变质商品,要尽可能采用更加合理的库存管理方案,以降低变质造成的损失。所以研究变质商品库存问题,建立起更接近于实际情况的库存模型是十分必要的。
本文首先阐述了物流和物流系统的概念,并对粮食物流作了简短介绍,然后综述了前人关于库存理论和变质商品库存理论的研究工作。接着主要对以下几个问题进行了研究:1.研究了带有丢单成本的粮食的最优生产/库存策略。考虑到丢单成本这一因素,给出了相应的总成本函数,并对其进行了分析。2.研究分析了粮食的最优库存控制策略。针对粮食的储存特性,求出了订货点。综合考虑粮食企业的各项库存成本,建立了总成本目标函数,并求出了满足一定服务水平前提下的最佳订货量。3.针对粮食在保质期与保存期内采取折扣销售,得到了最优库存/销售策略,确定了最优订货周期和订货量,并通过实例对理论结果作了说明。最后对全文进行了总结,并且讨论了粮食等变质商品库存理论今后可能的发展方向。
In modern enterprises, diversities of commodities account of large sum of current fund. Consequently, it's important for the operation of modern enterprises to balance stock cost and profit and reach the best match between them on effective inventory management.
Recently, the problem of deteriorating items inventory has induced great attention. Grain is also one of them and shares the same inventory model. To such items as grain, we should take more reasonable inventory management plans for the minimum of the inventory loss. So it's rather necessary to study the inventory problem of deteriorating items and establish more realistic inventory models.
This paper defines logistics, logistics system and makes a brief introduction to the grain logistics. Then it summarizes the previous study on inventory theory and the theory of deteriorating items in particular. The following three aspects are included. Firstly, we research the optimal production- inventory strategy with lost sale cost. Accounting for the lost sale cost, the corresponding total cost function is given and analyzed. Secondly, an analysis for the optimal inventory control strategy of grain is studied. For the distinction of grain stock, we find the order point. The objective function about total cost is established by considering the grain enterprise's inventory cost comprehensively. Then under the restriction of service level, the optimal order quantity is solved. Thirdly, we research the optimal inventory-sale strategy in which grain is discounted during the period of fresh-keeping life to shelf life. The optimal order cycle and order quantity are solved. Then an example is given to illustrate the theoretical results. In the end, it draws conclusions and depicts the development prospect of the inventory theory of deteriorating items as grain.
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