大型电站承包工程的质量、进度、成本管理
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摘要
本论文主要针对如何改进和提高中国东方电气集团公司(以下简称东方公司)所从事的大型电站承包工程项目的质量、进度、成本的管理工作来进行写作的,其目的是想通过对东方公司目前在大型电站承包工程中所存在的主要管理问题的分析,来找到东方公司在大型电站承包工程质量、进度、成本三要素的控制中的不足之处,并针对这些问题提出自己的一些改进构想,希望这些设想能有助于东方公司在今后的改革中不断地完善和改进对大型电站承包工程三要素的控制,来达到不断地提高自己的工程质量、缩短工期、降低成本,最终实现提高企业管理承包工程的效率和增强企业在市场中竞争能力的目的。只有这样才能使作为大型电站承包商的东方公司从一个电站主机设备制造企业真正转变为一个大型电站承包服务企业。随着国际电站工程承包市场的竞争变的越来越残酷,发达国家的电站承包商为在激烈的电力承包市场竞争中求得生存与发展,越来越多的将大量的新的管理知识运用到工程项目的质量、进度、成本的管理实践中,如工程项目的管理机制、索赔方法、动态管理等等,这也是当今世界经济高速发展和知识经济快速变化的要求,笔者希望能将这些国外的先进工程管理经验运用到东方公司的工程管理实践中,使东方公司的工程管理能上一个新的台阶,从而推动东方公司能早日发展壮大成为一个真正的跨国公司。
    全文共分四章:
    第一章主要介绍大型电站承包工程的工程质量、工程进度、工程成本三要素管理在大型电站承包工程管理中所起的作用,以及它们之间的相互关系,对承包商最关心的工程成本构成进行分析并根据自己的实践经验加以分类,目的是为了能协调和处理好它们之间的相互关系。
    第二章主要介绍东方公司创立和发展的背景资料,以及公司在大型电站承包过程中所形成的工程质量、进度、成本三要素管理的模式,目的是为下面分析东方公司所存在的工程三要素管理问题和提出自己的设想作铺垫。
    第三章将针对东方公司的具体情况来分析公司在工程质量、进度、成本三要素的管理中所存在的问题和产生这些问题的原因,如承包工程项目的组织结构问题、投标竞争中的控制问题、工程执行阶段的控制问题、工程结束后的服务问题等。
    第四章是本文的核心部分,将针对东方公司所存在的问题提出自己的设想,其中包括:建立带有“虚拟企业”性质的资源共享型矩阵式工程项目管理模式来替代目前的封闭式直线职能式模式,以便在市场经济竞争中能利用公司内部不同部门以及不同企业各自的优势,来达到提高公司工程质量、缩短工期、降低成本的目的,从而增强公司承包工程的竞争力;建立健全项目经理竞争上岗和项目经理监管机制;建立健全工程执行中的规范化招标制度,来控制采购和分包的质量、进度、成本;采用限额设计的新观念;搞好工程竣工后的服务质量;建立健全索赔制度;以及对三要素进行动态管理等。
This thesis mainly aims at how to improve quality control, progress control and cost control of the large-scale power plant projects contracted by Dongfang Electric Corporation. (Hereinafter it is referred to as DEC). By means of analyzing of the existing problems in the management of the projects contracted by DEC,this paper is to find out the deficiencies in process of quality control, progress control and cost control. And meanwhile, measure to improvement are also taken in the paper, hopefully to help DEC improve the quality, speed up the progress and reduce the cost in their projects, so as finally to improve the efficiency and enhance the competitive ability in the market. As such, DEC can be truly transferred from the manufacturer to the contractor in the field of large-scale power plant. In order to survive and develop and face more and more drastic competition in the market of contract of power plant, the contractors in the developed countries used large quantities of new management knowledge in practice of the project quality control, progress control and cost control, and such is the principle of management, measures of claim and dynamic management etc.. Those are also requirements of new knowledge economy in the high-speed developing world. The writer hopefully takes advantage of these advanced experiences abroad in the managing practice of DEC's projects, so as to prompt DEC's project management on a new platform and further to push DEC forward as a true multi-nation group.
    
    This thesis is divided into four chapters.
    
    The first chapter mainly deals with the functions and interactive relations of the quality, progress and cost are introduced in accordance with the features of management of the large-scale power plant projects. The making-up of cost concerned seriously by the contractors is also analyzed and sorted according to the writer's experiences so as to coordinate and deal with their interactive relations.
    
    The second chapter mainly deals with the background of DEC's creation and development and the styles and features formed in the quality control, progress control and cost control of DEC's projects for the purpose of setting a base on analyzing existing problems of DEC's management and providing the writer's own suggestions.
    
    The third chapter indicates the existing problems and reasons that caused them through analyzing the cases in the process of DEC's project management of the quality, progress and cost, such as the organization structure of the projects contracted, the control of bidding and execution of the projects and the service after the projects finishing, etc..
    
    The fourth chapter is the key portion of this paper. According to the existing problems, the writer provides his own proposals, which include to establish a source multi-shared and matrix mode of project management with the property of "virtual enterprises", instead of the existing close and linear function mode, so that the advantages in different enterprises and divisions within one company can be taken to use in the competition of marketing economy to improve the quality, shorten the period and reduce the cost, as such to strengthen the competitive ability for contracting projects, which also includes to establish the perfect rules of on-duty for project manager competition and of supervision of project manager, to establish the perfect rules of issuing tender during the execution of the projects, so that the quality, progress and cost of procurement and subcontractors can be under control, to establish a new concept of limited cost design , to improve the service quality after the project finishing, to establish perfect rules of claim and to control the quality ,progress and cost actively.
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